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International Conference on Computer Applications and Industrial Electronics (ICCAIE)

作者： M.K. Tan Y.K. Chin H.J. Tham K.T.K. Teo Modelling Simulation and Computing Laboratory School of Engineering and Information Technology Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu Malaysia

The primary aim in batch process is to enhance the process operation in order to achieve high quality and purity product while minimising the production of undesired by-product. However, due to the difficulties to perform online measurement, batch process supervision is based on the direct measurable quantities, such as temperature. During the process, a large amount of exothermic heat is released when the reactants are mixed together. The exothermic behaviour causes the reaction to become unstable and consequently the quality and purity of the final product will be affected. Therefore, it is important to have a control scheme which is able to balance the needs of process safety with the product quality and purity. Since the chemical industries are still applying PI and PID to control the batch process, researchers are keen to optimize PID parameters using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. However, most of these PID optimization techniques need online process model to predetermine the optimizer parameters. However in practice, the dynamic model of the batch process is poorly known. As a result, majority of the studies focused on acceptable performance instead of optimum performance of the batch process control. This paper proposes a new genetic algorithm (GA) optimizer which consists of additional information of the online estimated model parameters in addition to the PID parameters as the string of the GA. The simulation results show that the proposed GA auto-tuning method is a better candidate than the regular GA where the estimated model parameters in fitness function is capable to control the process temperature while avoiding model mismatch and disturbance condition.

关键词： Inductors Heating Batch production systems Genetic algorithms Coolants Optimization Process control

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Adaptive hybrid channel assignment in wireless mobile network via genetic algorithm

Adaptive hybrid channel assignment in wireless mobile networ...

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International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS)

作者： Y. S. Chia Z. W. Siew A. Kiring S. S. Yang K. T. K. Teo Modelling Simulation and Computing Laboratory School of Engineering and Information Technology Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu Malaysia

In wireless mobile network, the challenge is to assign appropriate frequency spectrum channels to requested calls while maintaining a desirable level of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) constraint. An effective channel assignment technique is important to improve the system capacity and to reduce the effect of the interference. Most of the existing channel assignment approaches are based on deterministic methods. In this paper, an adaptive hybrid channel assignment (HCA) technique based on genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed. The proposed GA based optimization in HCA scheme is capable to adapt the population size to the number of eligible channels for a particular cell upon new call arrivals in order to achieve faster convergence speed. Besides, the proposed approach can handle both the reassignment of existing calls as well as the allocation of channel to a new call in an adaptive process to maximize the utility of the limited frequency spectrum. The simulation for both uniform and nonuniform traffic distributions on a 49-cells network model show that the average new incoming call blocking or call dropping probability for the proposed hybrid channel optimization method is lower than the deterministic HCA methods.

关键词： Genetic algorithms Vectors Interference Channel allocation Resource management Biological cells Optimization

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CUSUM-Variance Ratio based Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm in overlapped vehicle tracking

CUSUM-Variance Ratio based Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorith...

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International Conference on Computer Applications and Industrial Electronics (ICCAIE)

作者： W.Y. Kow W.L. Khong Y.K. Chin I. Saad K.T.K. Teo Modelling Simulation and Computing Laboratory School of Engineering and Information Technology Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu Malaysia

Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is one of the algorithms that have been widely implemented in tracking vehicle for traffic surveillance purposes. The sampling efficiency of the algorithm is essential to determine the vehicle position accurately. However, the sample size of the algorithm is still remaining an issue as non-optimal sample size will defect the tracking accuracy, especially when the moving vehicle is overlapped. Adaptive sample size of MCMC has been implemented using CUSUM Path Plot and Variance Ratio algorithms to perform vehicle tracking. CUSUM Path Plot determines the samples convergence rate by calculating the hairiness of the sample size whereas Variance Ratio method computes two sets of MCMC to determine the samples steady state. This paper proposes the fusion of CUSUM-Variance ratio algorithm to enhance the tracking efficiency. Experimental results shows that the CUSUM-Variance Ratio method have a better performance in tracking the overlapping vehicle with higher accuracy and more optimal sample size compared to the standalone CUSUM Path Plot and Variance Ratio approaches.

关键词： Vehicles Target tracking Convergence Indexes Accuracy Silicon Algorithm design and analysis

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Overlapping vehicle tracking via adaptive particle filter with multiple cues

Overlapping vehicle tracking via adaptive particle filter wi...

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IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and engineering (ICCSCE)

作者： W.L. Khong W.Y. Kow Y.K. Chin I. Saad K.T.K. Teo Modelling Simulation and Computing Laboratory School of Engineering and Information Technology Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu Malaysia

Vehicle tracking is a vital approach to assist the on-road traffic surveillance system. Since the on-road vehicles is increasing, occlusion and overlapping of vehicles is often happen in the traffic surveillance scene. Therefore, segmentation and tracking of the occlusion or overlapped vehicle can be a challenging task in surveillance system via image processing. In this paper, a multiple cues overlapping vehicle tracking algorithm is proposed to continuously track the occluded vehicle effectively. The earlier vehicle tracking systems are normally based on colour feature which will leads to inaccurate results when the background colour is complex or too similar with the target vehicle. On the other hand, shape feature will increase the accuracy but consume more computation time in the resampling process during overlapping. The experimental results show that enhancement of the particle filter resampling process with multiple cues is capable to track the overlapped vehicle with higher accuracy and without compromising the processing time.

关键词： Vehicles Color Target tracking Shape Particle filters Histograms Accuracy

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Multiple intersections traffic signal timing optimization with genetic algorithm

Multiple intersections traffic signal timing optimization wi...

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IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and engineering (ICCSCE)

作者： Y.K. Chin K.C. Yong N. Bolong S.S. Yang K.T.K. Teo Modelling Simulation and Computing Laboratory School of Engineering and Information Technology Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu Malaysia

Traffic congestion in the urban area occurs more frequent than the past due to rapidly increasing on road vehicle usage rates. It could seriously hinder the development of urban area if a well management system has not being established. These scenarios necessitate the development of advance traffic management systems to increase the performance of signalized intersection. Traffic signal timing management (TSTM) system which comprise of genetic algorithm based optimization is proposed. Using a proper TSTM system, network traffic flow can be improved with considerably less cost than other infrastructural improvements. The proposed genetic algorithm based optimization approach allows signal timing parameters such as offset, cycle time, green split and phase sequence to be optimized with objective of minimum delay and better traffic fluency. The proposed GATSTM system has the ability to handle and manage the dynamic changes of the traffic networks condition by calibrating the system parameters accordingly.

关键词： Timing Genetic algorithms Vehicles Biological cells Optimization Traffic control

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Kernel-based object tracking via particle filter and mean shift algorithm

Kernel-based object tracking via particle filter and mean sh...

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International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS)

作者： Y. S. Chia W. Y. Kow W. L. Khong A. Kiring K. T. K. Teo Modelling Simulation and Computing Laboratory School of Engineering and Information Technology Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu Malaysia

One of the critical tasks in object tracking is the tracking of fast-moving object in random motion, especially in the field of machine vision applications. An approach towards the hybrid of particle filter (PF) and mean shift (MS) algorithm in visual tracking is proposed. In this proposed system, complete occlusion and random movement of object can be handled due to its ability in predicting the object location with adaptive motion model. In addition, the PF is capable to maintain multiple hypotheses to handle clutters in background and temporary failure. However PF requires a large number of particles to approximate the true posterior of the target dynamics. Therefore, MS algorithm is applied to the sampling process of the PF to move these particles in gradient ascent direction. Consequently a small sample size will be sufficient to represent the system dynamics accurately. The proposed approach is aimed to track the moving object in random directions under varying conditions with acceptable computational time.

关键词： Target tracking Kernel Image color analysis Adaptation models Particle filters Histograms

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Shear test based identification of the hardening behaviour of stainless sheets after the onset of necking using cubic spline interpolation

Shear test based identification of the hardening behaviour o...

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10th International Conference on Computational Structures Technology, CST 2010

作者： Vrh, M. Halilovic, M. Štok, B. Laboratory for Numerical Modelling and Simulation Faculty of Mechanical Engineering University of Ljubljana Slovenia

ISBN: (纸本)9781905088386

The paper focuses on a reliable identification of the hardening curve of sheet metal after onset of necking with the developed shear test. The main comparative advantage of the test is its simple procedure for which no further development of experimental equipment regarding standard tensile test is needed. The only modification of the standard tensile test refers to a purposely designed symmetric shear specimen which enables achievement of large shear strains during stable loading condition. In addition the paper presents the hardening curve approximation based on the cubic spline techniques. Such approach is very convenient for use because splines are smooth and are able to approximate accurately local curvatures without global estimation being influenced. From a comparison between the analytically extrapolated and identified hardening curves it is shown that using analytical extrapolation at large strains is seriously flawed as a result of the considerable differences between the curves. © Civil-Comp Press, 2010.

关键词： Hardening

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Aggregation Kinetics of Inclusions in Swirling Flow Tundish for Continuous Casting

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2010年第5期17卷 6-10页

作者： YUE Qiang ZOU Zong-shu HOU Qin-fu School of Materials and Metallurgy Northeastern University Shenyang 110004 Liaoning China Laboratory for Simulation and Modelling of Particulate Systems School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia

The mechanism of inclusion aggregation in liquid steel in swirling flow tundish is analyzed by applying the theory of flocculation which was developed in the field of colloid engineering. The gas bridge forces due to the micro bubbles on hydrophobic inclusion surfaces were responsible for the inclusion collision and agglomeration, which can avoid the aggregation to breakup. The quantity of micro bubbles on hydrophobic inclusion particle is more than that on hydrophilic one. The trend of forming gas bridges between micro bubbles on particles is strong in the course of collision. The liquid film on hydrophobic particles is easy to break during collision process. Hydrophobic particles are liable to aggregate in collision. According to the analysis of forces on a nonmetallic inclusion particle in swirling chamber, the chance of inclusion collision and aggregation can be improved by the centripetal force. Hydropbobic particles in water are liable to aggregate in collision. Hydrophilic particles in water are dispersed although collision happens. The wettability can be changed by changing solid-liquid interface tension. The nonmetallic inclusion removal in swirling flow tundish is studied. The result shows that under certain turbulent conditions, *** concentration and the wettability between particles and liquid steel are the main factors to induce collision and aggregation.

关键词： collision aggregation wettability inclusion swirling chamber continuous casting tundish

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Earing Prediction in Cup Drawing using the BBC2008 Yield Criterion

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2011年第1期1383卷

作者： Marko Vrh Miroslav Halilovič Bojan Starman Boris Štok Dan‐Sorin Comsa Dorel Banabic Laboratory for Numerical Modelling & Simulation Faculty of Mechanical Engineering University of Ljubljana Ljubljana ‐ Slovenia Technical University of Cluj Napoca CERTETA Research Centre 103‐105 B‐dul Muncii 400641 Cluj Napoca Romania

The paper deals with constitutive modelling of highly anisotropic sheet metals. It presents FEM based earing predictions in cup drawing simulation of highly anisotropic aluminium alloys where more than four ears occur. For that purpose the BBC2008 yield criterion, which is a plane‐stress yield criterion formulated in the form of a finite series, is used. Thus defined criterion can be expanded to retain more or less terms, depending on the amount of given experimental data. In order to use the model in sheet metal forming simulations we have implemented it in a general purpose finite element code ABAQUS/Explicit via VUMAT subroutine, considering alternatively eight or sixteen parameters (8p and 16p version). For the integration of the constitutive model the explicit NICE (Next Increment Corrects Error) integration scheme has been used. Due to the scheme effectiveness the CPU time consumption for a simulation is comparable to the time consumption of built‐in constitutive models. Two aluminium alloys, namely AA5042‐H2 and AA2090‐T3, have been used for a validation of the model. For both alloys the parameters of the BBC2008 model have been identified with a developed numerical procedure, based on a minimization of the developed cost function. For both materials, the predictions of the BBC2008 model prove to be in very good agreement with the experimental results. The flexibility and the accuracy of the model together with the identification and integration procedure guarantee the applicability of the BBC2008 yield criterion in industrial applications.

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Object-oriented modelling and control in buildings

Object-oriented modelling and control in buildings

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作者： Zupančič, B. Sodja, A. University of Ljubljana Faculty of Electrical Engineering Laboratory for Modelling Simulation and Control Slovenia

ISBN: (纸本)9780975840078

This paper deals with some of the important aspects of the harmonisation of thermal and radiation flows in buildings using an object-oriented multi-domain modelling approach. The traditional modelling approach is based on block-oriented schemes in which causal relations play an important role. However, this causality is artificially generated in order to fulfil the appropriate conditions for a simulation on conventional sequential computers. Fortunately, new concepts based on object-oriented approaches, use physically oriented connections and algebraic manipulations to enable the so-called acausal modelling. Here, all these basic concepts are described and the advantages of the new concepts in comparison with traditional approaches are briefly discussed. We have developed a mathematical model that gives the dependence of the external temperature, the solar radiation, the artificial heating and the roller-blind positioning on the internal room temperature. The approach was a combination of theoretical and experimental modelling. The heat dynamics is caused by the heat conduction, the convection and the solar radiation. In the latter case the transfer of the sun's rays through a glass window was studied, and in many cases simplifications were introduced. Some of the model's constants were determined experimentally, comparing the experimental and simulation results. However, only some basic equations are presented (one can find them in the appropriate references) as the emphasis here is on the object-oriented simulator paradigm. The simulator was originally developed in the Matlab-Simulink environment. However, the main drawback of such a conventional modelling approach soon became apparent - the simulator could only be used for the developed configuration. Almost every structural change demanded a new development from scratch. We were not able to establish a library of reusable sub-models for the walls, windows, etc. For this reason we decided to implement the model i

关键词： Heat conduction

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