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Field robotics 2025年 2卷 222-240页

作者： Antonella Barišić Frano Petric Stjepan Bogdan Laboratory for Robotics and Intelligent Control Systems Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing University of Zagreb Unska 3 Zagreb Croatia

This paper presents our approach to intercepting a faster intruder UAV, inspired by the MBZIRC 2020 Challenge 1. By utilizing a priori knowledge of the shape of the intruder's trajectory, we can calculate an interception point. Target tracking is based on image processing by a YOLOv3 Tiny convolutional neural network, combined with depth calculation using a gimbal-mounted ZED Mini stereo camera. We use RGB and depth data from the camera, devising a noise-reducing histogram-filter to extract the target's 3D position. Obtained 3D measurements of target's position are used to calculate the position, orientation, and size of a figure-eight shaped trajectory, which we approximate using a Bernoulli lemniscate. Once the approximation is deemed sufficiently precise, as measured by the distance between observations and estimate, we calculate an interception point to position the interceptor UAV directly on the intruder's path. Our method, which we have significantly improved based on the experience gathered during the MBZIRC competition, has been validated in simulation and through field experiments. Our results confirm that we have developed an efficient, visual-perception module that can extract information describing the intruder UAV's motion with precision sufficient to support interception planning. In a majority of our simulated encounters, we can track and intercept a target that moves 30% faster than the interceptor. Corresponding tests in an unstructured environment yielded 9 out of 12 successful results.

关键词： Autonomous aerial vehicles Trajectory Target tracking Cameras Three-dimensional displays Robots Radar tracking Image reconstruction Estimation Detectors

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Autonomous, Mobile Manipulation in a Wall-Building Scenario: Team LARICS at MBZIRC 2020

Field Robotics

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Field robotics 2025年 2卷 201-221页

作者： Ivo Vatavuk Marsela Polic Ivan Hrabar Frano Petric Matko Orsag Stjepan Bogdan Laboratory for Robotics and Intelligent Control systems University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Unska 3 Zagreb Croatia

In this paper we present our hardware design and control approaches for a mobile manipulation platform used in Challenge 2 of the MBZIRC 2020 competition. In this challenge, a team of UAVs and a single UGV collaborate in an autonomous, wall-building scenario, motivated by construction automation and large-scale robotic 3D printing. The robots must be able, autonomously, to detect, manipulate, and transport bricks in an unstructured, outdoor environment. Our control approach is based on a state machine that dictates which controllers are active at each stage of the Challenge. In the first stage our UGV uses visual servoing and local controllers to approach the target object without considering its orientation. The second stage consists of detecting the object's global pose using OpenCV-based processing of RGB-D image and point-cloud data, and calculating an alignment goal within a global map. The map is built with Google Cartographer and is based on onboard LIDAR, IMU, and GPS data. Motion control in the second stage is realized using the ROS Move Base package with Time-Elastic Band trajectory optimization. Visual servo algorithms guide the vehicle in local object-approach movement and the arm in manipulating bricks. To ensure a stable grasp of the brick's magnetic patch, we developed a passively-compliant, electromagnetic gripper with tactile feedback. Our fully-autonomous UGV performed well in Challenge 2 and in post-competition evaluations of its brick pick-and-place algorithms.

关键词： Robots Robot kinematics Navigation Manipulators Cameras Buildings Grippers Automation Service robots Laser radar

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Representation of Human Arm Dynamic Intents with An Electrical-Impedance-Tomography (EIT)-Driven Musculoskeletal Model for Human-Robot Interaction

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IEEE Transactions on robotics 2025年 41卷 3278-3296页

作者： Zheng, Enhao Liu, Xiaodong Xu, Chenfeng Zhou, Zhihao Wang, Qining State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Institute for Artificial Intelligence Peking University Beijing100871 China Faculty of Engineering School of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics Peking University The Institute for Artificial Intelligence Beijing100871 China

Representing human arm dynamic intent is essential for efective human-robot interaction. Accurately and robustly decoding these intentions through mathematical modeling of neuromuscular processes poses signifcant challenges. This study introduces an EIT-driven musculoskeletal model which integrates an EIT sensing system with methods for muscle identifcation, parameter estimation, and musculoskeletal system modeling. Unlike existing muscle-signal techniques, EIT captures muscle activities from the anatomical cross-sectional plane, providing both activation dynamics and morphological features. We validated our method through multi-DoF wrist kinematics estimation under varying contraction intensities, arm endpoint stifness estimation, and robotic variable admittance control. Our approach achieves accuracy comparable to state-of-the-art methods while requiring fewer training samples and a more compact sensing system. The model incorporates physiological constraints, minimizing decoding errors and ensuring interaction safety. This method enables reliable intent decoding with practical training demands. Future work will enhance the EIT system for complex tasks. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Muscle

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II-NVM: Enhancing Map Accuracy and Consistency With Normal Vector-Assisted Mapping

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IEEE robotics and Automation Letters 2025年第6期10卷 5465-5472页

作者： Zhao, Chengwei Li, Yixuan Jian, Yina Xu, Jie Wang, Linji Ma, Yongxin Jin, Xinglai Xi'an Jiaotong University Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Xi'an710049 China Hangzhou Qisheng Intelligent Techology Company Ltd Hangzhou311217 China Columbia University in the City of New York Department of Computer Science New YorkNY10027 United States Harbin Institute of Technology State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems Harbin150001 China Nanyang Technological University School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering 639798 Singapore School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore

SLAM technology plays a crucial role in indoor mapping and localization. A common challenge in indoor environments is the "double-sided mapping issue", where closely positioned walls, doors, and other surfaces are mistakenly identified as a single plane, significantly hindering map accuracy and consistency. To addressing this issue this letter introduces a SLAM approach that ensures accurate mapping using normal vector consistency. We enhance the voxel map structure to store both point cloud data and normal vector information, enabling the system to evaluate consistency during nearest neighbor searches and map updates. This process distinguishes between the front and back sides of surfaces, preventing incorrect point-to-plane constraints. Moreover, we implement an adaptive radius KD-tree search method that dynamically adjusts the search radius based on the local density of the point cloud, thereby enhancing the accuracy of normal vector calculations. To further improve real-time performance and storage efficiency, we incorporate a Least Recently Used (LRU) cache strategy, which facilitates efficient incremental updates of the voxel map. The code is released as open-source and validated in both simulated environments and real indoor scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate that this approach effectively resolves the "double-sided mapping issue" and significantly improves mapping precision. Additionally, we have developed and open-sourced the first simulation and real-world dataset specifically tailored for the "double-sided mapping issue". © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： Mapping

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Improving Collision-Free Success Rate For Object Goal Visual Navigation Via Two-Stage Training With Collision Prediction

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Lian, Shiwei Zhang, Feitian Robotics and Control Laboratory Department of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics College of Engineering State Key Laboratory of Turbulence and Complex Systems Peking University Beijing100871 China

The object goal visual navigation is the task of navigating to a specific target object using egocentric visual observations. Recent end-to-end navigation models based on deep reinforcement learning have achieved remarkable performance in finding and reaching target objects. However, the collision problem of these models during navigation remains unresolved, since the collision is typically neglected when evaluating the success. Although incorporating a negative reward for collision during training appears straightforward, it results in a more conservative policy, thereby limiting the agent’s ability to reach targets. In addition, many of these models utilize only RGB observations, further increasing the difficulty of collision avoidance without depth information. To address these limitations, a new concept—collision-free success is introduced to evaluate the ability of navigation models to find a collision-free path towards the target object. A two-stage training method with collision prediction is proposed to improve the collision-free success rate of the existing navigation models using RGB observations. In the first training stage, the collision prediction module supervises the agent’s collision states during exploration to learn to predict the possible collision. In the second stage, leveraging the trained collision prediction, the agent learns to navigate to the target without collision. The experimental results in the AI2-THOR environment demonstrate that the proposed method greatly improves the collision-free success rate of different navigation models and outperforms other comparable collision-avoidance methods. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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Acceleration-level coordinated control of a dual-arm free-floating space robot under hard joint constraints

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Advances in Space Research 2025年第11期75卷 8122-8139页

作者： Xue, Zhihui Liu, Jinguo Zhang, Xin Zhou, Hao Li, Yangmin State Key Laboratory of Robotics Shenyang Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang110016 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon999077 Hong Kong School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering University of Portsmouth PortsmouthPO1 3DJ United Kingdom

Dual-arm space robots are becoming increasingly crucial in on-orbit servicing missions. The online motion control of a dual-arm redundant space robot with hard joint constraints presents significant challenges due to its free-floating base. In this article, we proposed an acceleration-level coordinated control framework to solve hard joint constraints and dynamic singularity. The proposed framework combines a task scheduling strategy to achieve saturation in the null space, so that different tasks can achieve trajectory tracking with minimal task scaling under given joint hard constraints. The framework can achieve efficient online control by sequentially abandoning the use of joints that exceed the joint constraint and reintroducing these commands at their saturation level by projecting them into the appropriate null space. Finally, we verify the tracking performance of the algorithm through numerical simulation and experimental research. By comparing the proposed algorithm with the quadratic programming and pseudo-inverse methods, the algorithm has shown excellent online motion control performance, with a computation time of approximately 1 ms within a single sampling period. © 2025 COSPAR

关键词： Quadratic programming

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Multi-Quadrotor Cooperative Encirclement and Capture Approach in Obstacle Environments

Multi-Quadrotor Cooperative Encirclement and Capture Approac...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics, ICM 2025

作者： Li, Zhenyu Wu, Ruixin Wang, Jin Hu, Chuanqi Zheng, Zhi Meng, Jun Lu, Guodong Zhejiang University State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Hangzhou310058 China Zhejiang University Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Industrial Big Data and Robot Intelligent Systems Hangzhou310058 China Robotics Research Center of Yuyao City Ningbo315400 China College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Center for Data Mining and Systems Biology College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331533892

This article proposes an algorithm designed for autonomous quadrotors to capture target quadrotors in complex obstacle environments, enabling multiple pursuers to perform distributed capture while simultaneously avoiding obstacles and collisions. We first introduce a 3D obstacle space representation method based on safety-priority reachable region (SPRR) and implement real-time construction for general point cloud maps. Subsequently, leveraging SPRR, we employ an area minimization approach to ensure the effective capture of the evader within a limited time. The outcomes are then integrated into a MINCO-based trajectory planning framework to ensure their practical execution by real quadrotors. Relying on SPRR, the optimization problem is simplified and the solution efficiency is improved. In the scenario of simulating the dynamics of real quadrotors, we compare the proposed algorithm with state-of-the-art evasion and pursuit methods, validating its effectiveness and advancements. This work presents a practical solution for multi-quadrotor collaborative capture. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Motion planning

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Supernumerary Robotic Limbs to Augment Astronauts Performing Post-Fall Recoveries during Partial-Gravity Spacewalks

Supernumerary Robotic Limbs to Augment Astronauts Performing...

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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Ballesteros, Erik Carpenter, Kalind Asada, H. Harry Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Course 2 CambridgeMA02139 United States Advanced Robotics Systems Group 347Z NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory PasadenaCA91011 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

This paper investigates the effectiveness of a type of wearable robot, known as Supernumerary Robotic Limbs (SuperLimbs) in assisting an astronaut performing partial-gravity ExtraVehicular Activities (EVAs). SuperLimbs can directly address a key technology gap identified by NASA concerning that of incapacitated crew rescue devices during partial-gravity EVAs. To contextualize SuperLimbs in human spaceflight application, we start by reviewing other forms of wearable robotics technologies and perform a qualitative comparison with SuperLimbs. From there, we present a suite of operational modes that SuperLimbs is capable of delivering in a suited partial-gravity EVA. Within the operational mode suite, we selected the most urgent use-case: that of performing a post-fall recovery, and reviewed the results from a pilot-human study. To validate the effectiveness of SuperLimbs in providing the necessary assistive forces needed for a post-fall recovery, a series of validation experiments was performed with a prototype SuperLimbs system. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： NASA

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Swimming Performance Enhancement of the Magnetic Helical Microrobots Based on Surface Microstructure Modification

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IEEE robotics and Automation Letters 2025年第6期10卷 5729-5736页

作者： Hou, Yaozhen Bai, Kailun Zhong, Shihao Zheng, Zhiqiang Shi, Qing Huang, Qiang Fukuda, Toshio Li, Fangxing Wang, Huaping Beijing Institute of Technology Intelligent Robotics Institute School of Mechatronical Engineering Beijing100081 China Science and Technology on Space Physics Laboratory Beijing100076 China City University of Hong Kong Department of Biomedical Engineering Hong Kong999077 Hong Kong Nagoya University Department of Micronano Systems Engineering Nagoya464-8603 Japan Beijing Institute of Technology School of Mechatronical Engineering Beijing100081 China Beijing Institute of Technology Affiliated Zhuhai People's Hospital Zhuhai519088 China

Magnetic helical microrobots have attracted considerable attraction in microscale targeted delivery due to their high propulsion efficiency and movement flexibility. However, for biomedical applications in unstructured and multi-branched liquid environments, the capabilities of high swimming performance and precise selective control over a robot group of are essential. Here, we introduce a method for achieving high-performance propulsion and selective control of individual magnetic microrobots within a group by modulating surface wettability through localized surface microstructure modifications. We treated the surface of the helical microrobots with dimples and pimples of varying diameters and spacings to effectively distinguish the wettability. Our findings demonstrate that helical microrobots after surface modification exhibit higher step-out frequencies (ωstep-out) and maximum velocities (vr-max), where the modified microrobots become more hydrophobic compared to the microrobots before modification. The variation of microrobots' step-out frequencies (ωstep-out) and the maximum velocities (vr-max) correlate positively with the surface hydrophobicity. The swimming performance on the surface-modified microrobots is performed which demonstrates a maximum increase of 67% in forward velocity and 76% in step-out frequency. Furthermore, our method was effectively employed to actuate a helical microrobots group to achieve selective navigation in a multi-branched microchannel. We anticipate that this approach can be applied to achieve high-efficiency and precise targeted delivery in biomedical applications. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： Wetting

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SAF: Local Shape-aware Face-based Garment Collision Handling via Neural SDFs

SAF: Local Shape-aware Face-based Garment Collision Handling...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Tang, Minzhe Yuan, Ruisheng Kou, Dongliang Sun, Mingyang Zhang, Lihua Academy for Engineering and Technology Fudan University Shanghai China Institute of Metaverse & Intelligent Medicine Fudan University Shanghai China Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligence Science and Engineering Changchun China Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics Ministry of Education Shanghai China AI and Unmanned Systems Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province Changchun China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

Learning-based garment prediction presents an appealing alternative to physics-based methods owing to its high efficiency. However, the predicted garments can exhibit noticeable penetrations into the body. Many collision-handling methods operate in the point domain, which has an inherent limitation in addressing the penetration issues with the mesh faces. In light of this, we propose a local Shape-Aware, Face-based collision handling approach (SAF) that can be applied to garment prediction networks to achieve real-time collision handling. Considering the nature of garments, we design a compact formulation to model the continuity of the garment surface, and utilize neural Signed Distance Fields (SDFs) to accomplish penetration resolution. Recognizing the significant impact of the body's local shape on collision handling, we further propose using the angles between SDF gradients to characterize the sharpness of the body. Our approach can compensate for the inaccuracy of neural SDFs and preserve local smoothness and details. Extensive experiments demonstrate the outstanding performance and generalizability of our method. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： collision handling computer graphics deep learning garment simulation

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