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Leveraging large language models for comprehensive locomotion control in humanoid robots design

Biomimetic Intelligence & robotics 2024年第4期4卷 48-63页

作者： Shilong Sun Chiyao Li Zida Zhao Haodong Huang Wenfu Xu School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Inteligent Morphing Mechanisms and Adaptive Robotics Shenzhen 518055China Key University Laboratory of Mechanism&Machine Theory and Intelligent Unmanned Systems of Guangdong Shenzhen 518055China

This paper investigates the utilization of large language models(LLMs)for the comprehensive control of humanoid robot *** reinforcement learning(RL)approaches for robot locomotion are resource-intensive and rely heavily on manually designed reward *** address these challenges,we propose a method that employs LLMs as the primary designer to handle key aspects of locomotion control,such as trajectory planning,inverse kinematics solving,and reward function *** using user-provided prompts,LLMs generate and optimize code,reducing the need for manual *** approach was validated through simulations in Unity,demonstrating that LLMs can achieve human-level performance in humanoid robot *** results indicate that LLMs can simplify and enhance the development of advanced locomotion control systems for humanoid robots.

关键词： Humanoid robots Large language models Locomotion control Reinforcement learning

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An Affordable Telerobotic System Architecture for Grasp Training and Object Grasping for Human-Machine Interaction

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Journal of engineering and Science in Medical Diagnostics and Therapy 2024年第1期71卷 011201页

作者： Hazra, Sudip Abdul Rahaman, Abdul Hafiz Shiakolas, Panos S. Mars Lab Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering The University of Texas at Arlington ArlingtonTX76019 United States Micro Medical Manufacturing Automation Robotics Systems Laboratory Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering The University of Texas at Arlington ArlingtonTX76019 United States

Due to mobility impairment, a person might rely on wheelchairs, canes, and crutches for assistance but could face challenges when performing tasks such as grasping and manipulating objects due to limitations in reach and capability. To overcome these challenges, a multidegree-of-freedom robotic arm with an anthropomorphic robotic hand (ARH) could be used. In this research, we propose an architecture and then implement it toward the development of an assistive system to assist a person with object grasping. The architecture interlinks three functional modules to provide three operation modes to calibrate the system, train a user on how to execute a grasp, synthesize grasps, and execute a grasp. The developed system consists of a user input and feedback glove capable of capturing user inputs and providing grasp-related vibrotactile feedback, a COPPELIASIM virtual environment emulating the motions of the ARH, and an underactuated ARH capable of executing grasps while sensing grasp contact locations. The operation of the developed system is evaluated to determine the ability of a person to operate it and perform a grasp using two control methods;using a synthesized grasp or under real-time continuous control. The successful evaluation validates the architecture and the developed system to provide the ability to perform a grasp. The results of the evaluation provide confidence in expanding the system capabilities and using it to develop a database of grasp trajectories of objects with different geometries. Copyright © 2023 by ASME.

关键词： Human robot interaction

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Additive manufacturing of high-quality tritium breeding pebbles using ceramic precursors

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Journal of the European Ceramic Society 2024年第7期44卷 4719-4730页

作者： Su, Fang Li, Yuzeng Xing, Huanhuan Liu, Yu Liu, Zhiyuan Liu, Changyong Jiang, Cho-Pei Chen, Zhangwei Additive Manufacturing Institute Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Control and Intelligent Robotics Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering National Taipei University of Technology Taipei10608 Taiwan State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

In this study, the fabrication of advanced lithium orthosilicate (Li4SiO4) ceramic tritium breeding pebbles through photopolymerization using ceramic precursors (i.e., SiO2 and Li2CO3) is reported for the first time. The pebbles exhibit excellent mechanical and physical properties. Through optimization of manufacturing parameters and a geometrical correction model to compensate printing deviations, the printing accuracy of the pebbles was enhanced. The resulting pebbles had a diameter of approximately 1 mm, a sphericity of 1.01, a uniformly distributed pore structure, a phase purity > 95%, and a satisfying relative density reaching 91.39%. The average crush load 25.7 ± 0.3 N, surpassed that achieved by previously reported methods. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity was enhanced compared to that of solid-phase synthesized Li4SiO4 powder, facilitating the tritium release process for fusion applications. This study may serve as a guidance for designing appropriate ceramic breeders, providing a cost-effective approach applicable to produce other high-precision ceramic components with complex compositions. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Lithium compounds

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A deep learning-based model for automated STN localization using local field potentials in Parkinson’s disease

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Soft Computing 2025年第4期29卷 2343-2362页

作者： Hosny, Mohamed Naeem, Mohamed A. Zhu, Minwei Gao, Wenpeng Elshenhab, Ahmed M. Fu, Yili Department of Electrical Engineering Benha Faculty of Engineering Benha University Benha Egypt State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150080 China Department of Mechatronics and Robotics Engineering Faculty of Engineering South Valley University Qena Egypt First Affiliated Hospital Harbin Medical University Harbin150001 China School of Life Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150080 China Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura35516 Egypt

Accurate identification of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) borders is time-consuming, relying heavily on the neurosurgeon expertise in manually interpreting the electrophysiological signals. Local field potentials (LFPs) have garnered imperative attention due to their strong correlation with the STN. However, existing detection models often face challenges with high computational complexity, hyperparameter optimization and lack of explainability, making them unreliable for clinicians. Therefore, this study introduces an explanatory framework using convolutional neural networks (CNN) for detecting the STN region from LFPs. Continuous wavelet transform is employed to convert LFPs signals into scalogram images, which are then processed by sixteen CNN models. We evaluated our framework by examining the impact of various limiting factors on the classification performance, including model size, learning rate (LR), optimizers and data scaling. Deep features are extracted from the top-performing CNN architectures to capture rich representations of the scalograms. These features are then fused and classified using k-nearest neighbour algorithm. Gradient-weighted class activation mapping is used to explain the decisions made by the proposed model. Our approach achieved an accuracy of 99.61%, outperforming individual CNN models for STN localization. The experimental results revealed that CNN models, embedded with additional hyperparameters and layers, generally outperformed smaller models. Besides, low LR significantly enhanced the performance compared to high LR. Moreover, features extracted from untuned networks produced lower performance than tuned networks. The proposed system could revolutionize deep brain stimulation surgery by increasing efficiency and reducing reliance on clinician expertise for STN detection. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Wavelet transforms

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Machine Learning-based Optimal Trajectory Planning for Spacecraft Passively Flying Around a Satellite for Proximity Operations

Machine Learning-based Optimal Trajectory Planning for Space...

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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Barth, Andrew Roach, Dylan Ma, Ou Hernandez, Michael Ashbaugh, Ryan Fleming, Alex Department of Aerospace Engineering Intelligent Robotics and Autonomous Systems Laboratory University of Cincinnati CincinnatiOH45221 United States iMETALX Inc SausalitoCA94965 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

In-space or On-orbit Servicing, Assembly, and Manufacturing (ISAM or OSAM) activities require spacecraft to fly around a client satellite or another orbiting object in a proximity range from 100’s of meters to 0 meters in distance. When performing such proximity operations, it becomes extremely important for the servicing craft to not only avoid collision but at the same time fly close enough for better situational awareness and minimal fuel consumption. This is especially important because such orbiting spacecraft will often be low-cost CubeSats performing OSAM tasks, therefore, planning a Passive Relative Orbit (PRO) becomes essential for low-risk and energy-efficient operations. Next, the problem of how to deploy a CubeSat from a station-keeping Chief spacecraft along a transfer trajectory, followed by a PRO-based two-impulse burn maneuver with minimal fuel consumption and variable time constraints, needs to be solved. Once the task is completed, another two-burn transfer trajectory will be calculated for the servicing deputy to return to the Chief. In this paper, we use a machine learning approach to determine the ΔV burns required to achieve the relative transfer and task trajectories. Machine learning allows us to improve our mission planning capabilities and gives the system more freedom to make choices where the operator does not have clear or full insight of the complex physics under many constraints. The system was trained using the proximal policy optimization algorithm for a range of task trajectory parameters randomly selected for each training episode. The results of the trained system were validated by comparison to those produced by traditional optimization methods from our previous work. The robustness of the trained algorithm was verified by 1,000 random scenarios falling within the range of trained conditions. The study demonstrates the ability to use the trained model for a variety of situations without the need to retrain specially for each type

关键词： Orbits

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Data-Driven Tracking Control of a Cushion Robot with Safe Autonomous Motion Considering Human-Machine Interaction Environment

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Journal of Dynamic systems, Measurement and Control 2025年第4期147卷 041003页

作者： Sun, Ping Shan, Rui Chang, Hongbin Wang, Shuoyu School of Artificial Intelligence Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang110870 China State Key Laboratory of Robotics Shenyang Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang110169 China Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems Engineering Kochi University of Technology Kochi7828502 Japan

This study proposes a data-driven safety controller with velocity constraints for a cushion robot. We constructed a mathematical description of the human-machine interaction environment by decomposing the generalized input force and coefficient matrix in the dynamic model. We established a new equivalent data model, which considered various human-machine interaction environments using a pseudo-Jacobian matrix. A stochastic configuration network (SCN) estimation method for variations in the human-machine interaction environment was proposed, with hidden layer nodes added at random. We designed a safe autonomous navigation path and proposed a data-driven control method that limited the actual velocity while stabilizing the tracking error system. In addition, the desired motion velocity of the robot was designed. This approach has the advantage of ensuring safety at a specified velocity. We also demonstrated and validated the effectiveness of the proposed data-driven algorithm using simulation-based comparative analysis and an experimental study. Copyright © 2024 by ASME.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Instability-Induced Origami Design by Topology Optimization

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2023年第4期36卷 506-513页

作者： Weiwei Wang Ke Liu Meiqi Wu Hongyuan Li Pengyu Lv Huiling Duan State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems Department of Mechanics and Engineering ScienceBIC-ESATCollege of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China CAPT HEDPS and IFSACollaborative Innovation Center of MoEPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Instability-induced wrinkle patterns of thin sheets are ubiquitous in nature,which often result in origami-like patterns that provide inspiration for the engineering of origami *** by instability-induced origami patterns,we propose a computational origami design method based on the nonlinear analysis of loaded thin sheets and topology *** bar-and-hinge model is employed for the nonlinear structural analysis,added with a displacement perturbation strategy to initiate out-of-plane *** ideas from topology optimization,a continuous crease indicator is introduced as the design variable to indicate the state of a crease,which is penalized by power functions to establish the mapping relationships between the crease indicator and hinge *** the structural strain energy with a crease length constraint,we are able to evolve a thin sheet into an origami structure with an optimized crease *** examples with different initial setups are illustrated,demonstrating the effectiveness and feasibility of the method.

关键词： Origami structure Instability Topology optimization Bar-and-hinge model

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Mechanical Properties Inside Origami-Inspired Structures: An Overview

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Applied Mechanics Reviews 2025年第1期77卷 011001页

作者： Yan, Peng Huang, Hailin Meloni, Marco Li, Bing Cai, Jianguo Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen518052 China Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen518052 China Key Laboratory of C & PC Structures of Ministry of Education National Prestress Engineering Research Center Southeast University Nanjing211189 China State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Morphing Mechanisms and Adaptive Robotics Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen518052 China Key University Laboratory of Mechanism Machine Theory and Intelligent Unmanned Systems of Guangdong Habin Institute of Technology Shenzhen518052 China

In recent decades, origami has transitioned from a traditional art form into a systematic field of scientific inquiry, characterized by attributes such as high foldability, lightweight frameworks, diverse deformation modes, and limited degrees-of-freedom. Despite the abundant literature on smart materials, actuation methods, design principles, and manufacturing techniques, comprehensive reviews focusing on the mechanical properties of origami-inspired structures are relatively rare and unsystematic. This review aims to fill this void by analyzing and summarizing the significant studies conducted on the mechanical properties of origami-inspired structures from 2013 to 2023. We begin with an overview that includes essential definitions of origami, classical origami patterns, and their associated tessellated or stacked structures. Following this, we delve into the principal dynamic modeling method for origami and conduct an in-depth analysis of the key mechanical properties of origami-inspired structures. These properties include tunable stiffness, bistability and multistability, metamechanical properties demonstrated by origami-based metamaterials, and bio-inspired mechanical properties. Finally, we conclude with a comprehensive summary that discusses the current challenges and future directions in the field of origami-inspired structures. Our review provides a thorough synthesis of both the mechanical properties and practical applications of origami-inspired structures, aiming to serve as a reference and stimulate further research. © 2025 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). All rights reserved.

关键词： Degrees of freedom (mechanics)

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Droplet-based Microfluidic Platform for High-throughput Formation of Multicellular Spheroids

Droplet-based Microfluidic Platform for High-throughput Form...

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2023 Annual IEEE International Conference on Manipulation, Manufacturing and Measurement on the Nanoscale, 3M-NANO 2023

作者： Zhan, Zhen Xie, Hanhan Hu, Chengzhi Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Shenzhen China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350344486

Cell culture in vitro is essential for drug screening, disease modeling, and stem cell-related research. Previous studies have indicated that two-dimensional (2D) cellular environments can significantly differ from physiological cells in vivo, leading to a high failure rate when translating therapeutics developed in 2D cell models to clinical applications. Therefore, there is a strong focus on developing three-dimensional (3D) cell culture techniques that more closely mimic in vivo cell microenvironments. These techniques hold great promise for enhancing precision in drug discovery and tissue regeneration. In this study, we introduce a novel microfluidic technique that utilizes droplets to fabricate hydrogel microspheres, each exhibiting a unique internal morphology suitable for 3D cell culture applications. Specifically, we employed this method to cultivate human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) within the interior canals of the hydrogel microspheres, forming monolayers on the surfaces of the spiral canals. This setup effectively mimicked the configurations of native blood vessels. Furthermore, we successfully demonstrated the fabrication of heterogeneous spheroids with spiral blood vessel lumens, which can be utilized to construct spiral vascularized bone tissue. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Microfluidics

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Terrain Classification Using Inside-Wheel Cameras Based on Wheel-Terrain Interaction Characteristics

Terrain Classification Using Inside-Wheel Cameras Based on W...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on robotics and Biomimetics, ROBIO 2023

作者： Hu, Longteng Xue, Feng Yao, Chen Li, Yunzhou Wei, Jin Wang, Peichen Zhu, Zheng Jia, Zhenzhong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Shenzhen518055 China Harbin150090 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350325706

The wheeled rover is widely used in off-road planetary exploration tasks nowadays. However, complex operating environment like soft deformable terrains on the planet surface demands the high performance of rover. In order to reduce danger, environmental perception technologies need to be used on the rover. Terrain classification is a critical method in environmental perception. In this research, a wheel-vision-based terrain classification method is proposed. This method uses wheel-terrain interaction parameters obtained from inside-wheel cameras which are strongly related to the terrain as input. We use single-wheel testbed to collect and process data to form a dataset. The data is obtained under different slip ratios and different terrains. Then, we train four terrain classification models using machine learning algorithms and analyze their performance. From the results, all performance criteria of the models achieve over 95%, with DT being the optimal method. The feasibility of our method in the case of fewer training samples and the rationality of dataset selection are also verified through the results of different training set sizes and the ablation experiment. © 2023 IEEE.

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