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OFDM-structure based waveform designs for integrated sensing and communication

science China(Information sciences) 2025年第5期68卷 267-284页

作者： Jiaqi LIU Ping YANG Ke JIANG Jiarong ZHAO Wei XIANG Jianping WEI Ruixiang DUAN Saviour ZAMMIT Tony Q.S.QUEK National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computing Engineering and Mathematical Sciences La Trobe University Meituan Academy of Robotics Department of Communications and Computer Engineering University of Malta Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar Singapore University of Technology and Design

The future sixth-generation(6G) paradigm aims to seamlessly integrate communication and environmental sensing capabilities into a single radio signal, promising improved efficiency and cost-effectiveness through simultaneous data communications and environmental perception. At the core of this evolution, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) and its advanced waveforms emerge as pivotal for integrated sensing and communications(ISAC). This study introduces a concise and unified ISAC waveform design framework based on orthogonal multicarriers. This framework supports versatile applications of OFDM and its derivative waveforms within a generalized ISAC system, marking a significant leap in integrating communication and sensing capabilities. A distinguishing feature of this framework is its adaptability,allowing users to intelligently select modulation strategies based on their specific environmental needs. This adaptability optimizes performance across diverse scenarios. Central to our innovations is the proposal of discrete Fourier transformspread OFDM with index modulation(DFT-S-OFDM-IM). This framework is paired with newly proposed signal processing methods for single-input single-output and multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) systems. Extensive evaluations highlight DFT-S-OFDM-IM's superiority, including dramatically reduced peak-to-average power ratios(PAPRs), competitive communication performance, and exceptional sensing capabilities, striking an elegant balance between communication capacity and environmental sensing precision.

关键词： DFT-S-OFDM-IM index modulation integrated sensing and communication OFDM

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A deep learning-based model for automated STN localization using local field potentials in Parkinson’s disease

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Soft Computing 2025年第4期29卷 2343-2362页

作者： Hosny, Mohamed Naeem, Mohamed A. Zhu, Minwei Gao, Wenpeng Elshenhab, Ahmed M. Fu, Yili Department of Electrical Engineering Benha Faculty of Engineering Benha University Benha Egypt State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150080 China Department of Mechatronics and Robotics Engineering Faculty of Engineering South Valley University Qena Egypt First Affiliated Hospital Harbin Medical University Harbin150001 China School of Life Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150080 China Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura35516 Egypt

Accurate identification of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) borders is time-consuming, relying heavily on the neurosurgeon expertise in manually interpreting the electrophysiological signals. Local field potentials (LFPs) have garnered imperative attention due to their strong correlation with the STN. However, existing detection models often face challenges with high computational complexity, hyperparameter optimization and lack of explainability, making them unreliable for clinicians. Therefore, this study introduces an explanatory framework using convolutional neural networks (CNN) for detecting the STN region from LFPs. Continuous wavelet transform is employed to convert LFPs signals into scalogram images, which are then processed by sixteen CNN models. We evaluated our framework by examining the impact of various limiting factors on the classification performance, including model size, learning rate (LR), optimizers and data scaling. Deep features are extracted from the top-performing CNN architectures to capture rich representations of the scalograms. These features are then fused and classified using k-nearest neighbour algorithm. Gradient-weighted class activation mapping is used to explain the decisions made by the proposed model. Our approach achieved an accuracy of 99.61%, outperforming individual CNN models for STN localization. The experimental results revealed that CNN models, embedded with additional hyperparameters and layers, generally outperformed smaller models. Besides, low LR significantly enhanced the performance compared to high LR. Moreover, features extracted from untuned networks produced lower performance than tuned networks. The proposed system could revolutionize deep brain stimulation surgery by increasing efficiency and reducing reliance on clinician expertise for STN detection. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Wavelet transforms

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Robust Practical Stabilization for Complex Dynamical Networks With DoS Attacks and Actuator Saturation

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IEEE Transactions on systems, Man, and Cybernetics: systems 2025年第5期55卷 3108-3118页

作者： Shi, Xueya Peng, Zhinan Yu, Junzhi Li, Hongfei Southwest University College of Electronic and Information Engineering Chongqing400715 China Sichuan Artificial Intelligence Research Institute Yibin644000 China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Automation Engineering Chengdu611731 China Peking University State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems Department of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics College of Engineering Beijing100871 China

This article addresses the problem of designing an attack-resilient adaptive event-triggered (AET) controller for complex dynamical networks (CDNs) under DoS attacks and actuator saturation, with a focus on robust practical stability (RPS). First, considering the impact of DoS attacks on closed-loop systems, an AET controller against DoS attacks is designed. Unlike other event-triggered controllers, the complete timeline is divided, and the AET controller is built with two switching modes based on the intervals of dormant and active periods of DoS attacks in which the system is located. Second, to reconcile AET controller with actuator saturation, a switched system modeling approach is established that explicitly incorporates saturation constraints into the coupled network dynamics. Third, a switched Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) is proposed, with which sufficient conditions are provided to ensured the RPS, and a joint design strategy is developed for the desired triggered matrix and feedback gain using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Moreover, the results are generalized to the case of actuator faults, indicating that the system is able to achieve RPS with actuator faults. Finally, the proposed method is verified through an example. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Lyapunov functions

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II-NVM: Enhancing Map Accuracy and Consistency With Normal Vector-Assisted Mapping

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IEEE robotics and Automation Letters 2025年第6期10卷 5465-5472页

作者： Zhao, Chengwei Li, Yixuan Jian, Yina Xu, Jie Wang, Linji Ma, Yongxin Jin, Xinglai Xi'an Jiaotong University Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Xi'an710049 China Hangzhou Qisheng Intelligent Techology Company Ltd Hangzhou311217 China Columbia University in the City of New York Department of Computer Science New YorkNY10027 United States Harbin Institute of Technology State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems Harbin150001 China Nanyang Technological University School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering 639798 Singapore School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore

SLAM technology plays a crucial role in indoor mapping and localization. A common challenge in indoor environments is the "double-sided mapping issue", where closely positioned walls, doors, and other surfaces are mistakenly identified as a single plane, significantly hindering map accuracy and consistency. To addressing this issue this letter introduces a SLAM approach that ensures accurate mapping using normal vector consistency. We enhance the voxel map structure to store both point cloud data and normal vector information, enabling the system to evaluate consistency during nearest neighbor searches and map updates. This process distinguishes between the front and back sides of surfaces, preventing incorrect point-to-plane constraints. Moreover, we implement an adaptive radius KD-tree search method that dynamically adjusts the search radius based on the local density of the point cloud, thereby enhancing the accuracy of normal vector calculations. To further improve real-time performance and storage efficiency, we incorporate a Least Recently Used (LRU) cache strategy, which facilitates efficient incremental updates of the voxel map. The code is released as open-source and validated in both simulated environments and real indoor scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate that this approach effectively resolves the "double-sided mapping issue" and significantly improves mapping precision. Additionally, we have developed and open-sourced the first simulation and real-world dataset specifically tailored for the "double-sided mapping issue". © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： Mapping

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Distributed Adaptive Tracking Control for Fuzzy Nonlinear MASs Under Round-Robin Protocol

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IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy systems 2025年第5期33卷 1488-1498页

作者： Fan, Sha Meng, Min Fu, Yukai Deng, Chao Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications College of Automation College of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing210023 China Tongji University Department of Control Science and Engineering College of Electronics and Information Engineering Shanghai200070 China Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Robotics Shenyang Institute of Automation Shenyang110016 China Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Networked Control Systems Shenyang110016 China Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Advanced Technology Nanjing210049 China

In this article, the cooperative fuzzy tracking control problem for a type of high-order nonlinear multi-agent systems under the Round-Robin (RR) communication protocol is solved. To effectively reduce the communication among agents, an RR communication protocol is first proposed, where each agent can communicate with only one neighbor at any given time. Based on the developed communication protocol, a hierarchical control approach is introduced, consisting of a distributed observer layer that utilizes information from both local and neighboring agents, and a decentralized control layer that operates solely based on local agent information. Specifically, a distributed observer is designed in the distributed observer layer to achieve the distributed observation objective by introducing a time-varying gain in the observer input. Furthermore, an improved distributed observer with the upper triangular form is constructed to produce a signal with high-order derivatives. In the decentralized control layer, fuzzy adaptive controllers are designed for all agents by using the backstepping technique. By using the Lyapunov stability theory, rigorous stability analysis shows that the cooperative fuzzy tracking control problem is solved under the developed hierarchical control approach. In the end, a simulation example is presented to demonstrate the validity of our proposed method. © 1993-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Protocols Observers Stability analysis Decentralized control Backstepping Vectors Symmetric matrices Network topology Telecommunications System dynamics

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Adaptive-LIO: Enhancing Robustness and Precision Through Environmental Adaptation in LiDAR Inertial Odometry

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第9期12卷 12123-12136页

作者： Zhao, Chengwei Hu, Kun Xu, Jie Zhao, Lijun Han, Baiwen Wu, Kaidi Tian, Maoshan Yuan, Shenghai Harbin Institute of Technology State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems Heilongjiang Harbin150001 China Hangzhou Qisheng Intelligent Techology Company Ltd. Zhejiang Hangzhou311217 China China University of Mining and Technology School of Mechatronic Engineering Jiangsu Xuzhou221116 China Nanyang Technological University School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Jurong West 639798 Singapore University of Electronic Science and Technology School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Sichuan Chengdu611731 China

The emerging Internet of Things (IoT) applications, such as driverless cars, have a growing demand for high-precision positioning and navigation. Nowadays, LiDAR inertial odometry (LIO) becomes increasingly prevalent in robotics and autonomous driving. However, many current SLAM systems lack sufficient adaptability to various scenarios. Challenges include decreased point cloud accuracy with longer frame intervals under the constant velocity assumption, coupling of erroneous IMU information when IMU saturation occurs, and decreased localization accuracy due to the use of fixed-resolution maps during indoor-outdoor scene transitions. To address these issues, we propose a loosely coupled adaptive LIO named Adaptive-LIO, which incorporates adaptive segmentation to enhance mapping accuracy, adapts motion modality through IMU saturation and fault detection, and adjusts map resolution adaptively using multiresolution voxel maps based on the distance from the LiDAR center. Our proposed method has been tested in various challenging scenarios, demonstrating the effectiveness of the improvements we introduce. The code is open-source on GitHub: Adaptive-LIO. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： SLAM robotics

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Brain-Conditional Multimodal Synthesis: A Survey and Taxonomy

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2025年第5期6卷 1080-1099页

作者： Mai, Weijian Zhang, Jian Fang, Pengfei Zhang, Zhijun South China University of Technology School of Automation Science and Engineering Guangzhou510640 China Southeast University School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing210096 China South China University of Technology Key Library of Autonomous Systems and Network Control Ministry of Education The School of Automation Science and Engineering Guangzhou510640 China Institute for Super Robotics Huangpu Guangzhou510555 China Nanchang University Jiangxi Thousand Talents Plan Nanchang330031 China Jishou University College of Computer Science and Engineering Jishou416000 China Guangdong Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy Laboratory Pazhou Lab Guangzhou510335 China Shaanxi University of Technology Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation School of Mechanical Engineering Hanzhong723001 China Changsha Normal University School of Information Science and Engineering Changsha410100 China Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology School of Automation Science and Engineering Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Maoming525000 China

In the era of artificial intelligence generated content (AIGC), conditional multimodal synthesis technologies (e.g., text-to-image) are dynamically reshaping the natural content. Brain signals, serving as potential reflections of how the brain interprets external information, exhibit a distinctive one-to-many correspondence with various external modalities. This correspondence makes brain signals emerge as a promising guiding condition for multimodal synthesis (e.g., image, text, and audio), which is crucial for developing practical brain–computer interface systems and unraveling complex mechanisms underlying human perception. This survey comprehensively examines the emerging field of brain-conditional multimodal synthesis, termed AIGC-brain, to delineate the current landscape and future directions. To begin, related neuroimaging datasets and generative models are introduced as the foundation of AIGC-brain decoding and analysis. Next, we present a comprehensive taxonomy according to AIGC-brain methodologies, followed by task-specific representative work and implementation details to facilitate in-depth comparison and analysis. Quality assessments are then introduced for both qualitative and quantitative evaluation. Finally, this survey explores insights gained, outlining current challenges and prospects of AIGC-brain. As a pioneering survey, this article paves the way for future advances in AIGC-brain research. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Taxonomies

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Swimming Performance Enhancement of the Magnetic Helical Microrobots Based on Surface Microstructure Modification

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IEEE robotics and Automation Letters 2025年第6期10卷 5729-5736页

作者： Hou, Yaozhen Bai, Kailun Zhong, Shihao Zheng, Zhiqiang Shi, Qing Huang, Qiang Fukuda, Toshio Li, Fangxing Wang, Huaping Beijing Institute of Technology Intelligent Robotics Institute School of Mechatronical Engineering Beijing100081 China Science and Technology on Space Physics Laboratory Beijing100076 China City University of Hong Kong Department of Biomedical Engineering Hong Kong999077 Hong Kong Nagoya University Department of Micronano Systems Engineering Nagoya464-8603 Japan Beijing Institute of Technology School of Mechatronical Engineering Beijing100081 China Beijing Institute of Technology Affiliated Zhuhai People's Hospital Zhuhai519088 China

Magnetic helical microrobots have attracted considerable attraction in microscale targeted delivery due to their high propulsion efficiency and movement flexibility. However, for biomedical applications in unstructured and multi-branched liquid environments, the capabilities of high swimming performance and precise selective control over a robot group of are essential. Here, we introduce a method for achieving high-performance propulsion and selective control of individual magnetic microrobots within a group by modulating surface wettability through localized surface microstructure modifications. We treated the surface of the helical microrobots with dimples and pimples of varying diameters and spacings to effectively distinguish the wettability. Our findings demonstrate that helical microrobots after surface modification exhibit higher step-out frequencies (ωstep-out) and maximum velocities (vr-max), where the modified microrobots become more hydrophobic compared to the microrobots before modification. The variation of microrobots' step-out frequencies (ωstep-out) and the maximum velocities (vr-max) correlate positively with the surface hydrophobicity. The swimming performance on the surface-modified microrobots is performed which demonstrates a maximum increase of 67% in forward velocity and 76% in step-out frequency. Furthermore, our method was effectively employed to actuate a helical microrobots group to achieve selective navigation in a multi-branched microchannel. We anticipate that this approach can be applied to achieve high-efficiency and precise targeted delivery in biomedical applications. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： Wetting

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Risk Assessment Based Time-adjusted Optimization for Safe and Fast Flight of Quadrotor UAVs

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年

作者： Zhu, Hai Li, Baoquan Yin, Haolin Zhang, Xuebo Tiangong University School of Control Science and Engineering The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control of Electrical Equipment Tianjin300387 China Nankai University Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics Tianjin300071 China

Generating an executable reference trajectory in realtime is a core of autonomous navigation for a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). In the paper, a timeadjusted optimization method is proposed for UAV motion planning to achieve safe and fast flight. Firstly, based on parameterization for uniform B-spline trajectories, relationship of knot spans and UAV speeds is analyzed, and an iterative velocity restrict algorithm is introduced to tackle nonexecutable flight. Subsequently, combining start and target points in local planning, an evaluation criterion function is designed with control points of the above trajectory and directions of collision avoidance. On this basis, risk assessment is conducted according to surrounding environments, where four phases of passing obstacles is constructed by considering risk level variation. Then, the weight function in each phase is determined by relationship of obstacle and planned local trajectory. Moreover, time intervals of B-spline trajectories are adjusted to obtain nonuniform trajectories, so as to affect UAV speeds. Simulation and experiment are conducted with comparison to verify performance of the proposed method. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Risk assessment

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SAF: Local Shape-aware Face-based Garment Collision Handling via Neural SDFs

SAF: Local Shape-aware Face-based Garment Collision Handling...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Tang, Minzhe Yuan, Ruisheng Kou, Dongliang Sun, Mingyang Zhang, Lihua Academy for Engineering and Technology Fudan University Shanghai China Institute of Metaverse & Intelligent Medicine Fudan University Shanghai China Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligence Science and Engineering Changchun China Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics Ministry of Education Shanghai China AI and Unmanned Systems Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province Changchun China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

Learning-based garment prediction presents an appealing alternative to physics-based methods owing to its high efficiency. However, the predicted garments can exhibit noticeable penetrations into the body. Many collision-handling methods operate in the point domain, which has an inherent limitation in addressing the penetration issues with the mesh faces. In light of this, we propose a local Shape-Aware, Face-based collision handling approach (SAF) that can be applied to garment prediction networks to achieve real-time collision handling. Considering the nature of garments, we design a compact formulation to model the continuity of the garment surface, and utilize neural Signed Distance Fields (SDFs) to accomplish penetration resolution. Recognizing the significant impact of the body's local shape on collision handling, we further propose using the angles between SDF gradients to characterize the sharpness of the body. Our approach can compensate for the inaccuracy of neural SDFs and preserve local smoothness and details. Extensive experiments demonstrate the outstanding performance and generalizability of our method. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： collision handling computer graphics deep learning garment simulation

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