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Highly stabilized and selective ammonia electro-oxidation over CuNi metallic glass nanoarray

Carbon Energy 2025年第2期7卷 131-143页

作者： Yunrui Tian Rui Chen Xiaoqing Liu Zixian Mao Haotian Tan De'an Yang Feng Hou Xiaoguang Liu Lichang Yin Xiao Yan Ji Liang Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology ShenzhenGuangdongChina Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyangLiaoningChina

Electrochemical nitrogen looping represents a promising carbon-free and sustainable solution for the energy transition,in which electrochemical ammonia oxidation stays at the central ***,the various nitrogen-containing intermediates tend to poison and corrode the electrocatalysts,even the state-of-the-art noble-metal ones,which is worsened at a high applied ***,we present an ultrarapid laser quenching strategy for constructing a corrosion-resistant and nanostructured CuNi alloy metallic glass *** this material,single-atom Cu species are firmly bonded with the surrounding Ni atoms,endowing exceptional resistance against ammonia corrosion relative of conventional CuNi ***,a record-high durability for over 300 h is *** quenching also allows a much higher Cu content than typical single-atom alloys,simultaneously yielding a high rate and selectivity for ammonia oxidation reaction(AOR).Consequently,an outstanding ammonia conversion rate of up to 95%is achieved with 91.8%selectivity toward nitrite after 8 *** simulations reveal that the structural amorphization of CuNi alloy could effectively modify the electronic configuration and reaction pathway,generating stable singleatom Cu active sites with low kinetic barriers for *** ultrarapid laser quenching strategy thus provides a new avenue for constructing metallic glasses with well-defined nanostructures,presenting feasible opportunities for performance enhancement for AOR and other electrocatalytic processes.

关键词： ammonia oxidation reaction CuNi laser quenching metallic glasses

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High-beam-quality single-frequency 10-mJ nanosecond fiber and a solid-state hybrid laser front-end system at a 1-kHz repetition rate

Optics Continuum

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Optics Continuum 2025年第4期4卷 915-923页

作者： Kong, Zhiwei Cheng, Tianxiang Zhao, Zhigang Liu, Zhaojun School of Information Science and Engineering Shandong University Qingdao266237 China Key Laboratory of Laser and Infrared System Ministry of Education Shandong University Qingdao266237 China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application Shandong University Qingdao266237 China

A compact single-frequency nanosecond fiber & solid-state hybrid laser system at 1030 nm is presented. The seed source, a continuous wave distributed feedback (DFB) laser diode, was first externally modulated with a repetition rate of 1.5 MHz and a pulse duration of 10 ns, whose repetition rate was further lowered to 1 kHz by a pulse picker. Afterwards, three-stage end-pumped Yb:YAG crystal amplifiers were employed for energy scaling. Finally, an average power of 12 W was obtained with a repetition rate of 1 kHz and a linewidth of ∼180 MHz, corresponding to approximately four times the Fourier transform limit (FTL). The beam quality factor (M2) was measured to be 1.18 and 1.20 for the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. In the future, this high-beam quality front-end laser will be used as the seed source for nanosecond disk laser amplifiers. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group.

关键词： Pulse repetition rate

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Global Navigation Satellite system Reflectometry specular point positioning method based on reflection geometric model: Suitable for land and ocean applications

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Journal of Applied Remote Sensing 2025年第1期19卷

作者： Li, Shuaishuai He, Shanbao Cheng, Xing Wang, Feng Xie, Heng Pang, Jingjing Cai, Min Beijing Information Science and Technology University Key Laboratory of Information and Communication Systems Ministry of Information Industry Beijing China Beihang University School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing China Beijing Information Science and Technology University School of Information and Communication Engineering Beijing China

The accurate positioning of the specular point of the spaceborne global navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R) receiver is a key step in using GNSS-R technology for geophysical parameter retrieval. As GNSS-R applications expand across diverse environments ranging from land and oceans to glaciers, traditional geometric positioning accuracy is no longer sufficient to meet the demands of these varied applications. Specifically, positioning algorithms must not only facilitate real-time spaceborne processing but also adapt to fluctuating surface conditions, all while sustaining high levels of accuracy and efficiency. In response to these demands, we propose a positioning algorithm tailored for spaceborne GNSS-R specular points across various surface environments. The proposed algorithm integrates actual surface height data by leveraging surface models for localized terrain fitting. It employs a regional grid traversal method, guided by geographic positioning criteria, to accurately search for specular points that satisfy specific conditions. Considering the impact of initial position accuracy on traversal speed, we developed an ellipsoidal reflection geometric model based on the unique properties of the ellipsoid. This model facilitates the swift, non-iterative determination of a high-precision initial position for specular points. Experimental data indicate that our proposed approach reduces the Euclidean distance error of the initial position by ~87.5% and enhances grid traversal efficiency by a factor of more than eight times. To verify the robustness of the proposed method, this paper conducted multiple experiments in both ocean and land scenarios, including case studies in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region. The findings highlight that the normal vector angle analysis criterion offers superior reliability in complex terrains, positioning it as the optimal criterion for the positioning of specular points. © 2025 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engi

关键词： Global positioning system

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Multi-Scale Time Series Segmentation Network Based on Eddy Current Testing for Detecting Surface Metal Defects

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第3期12卷 528-538页

作者： Xiaorui Li Xiaojuan Ban Haoran Qiao Zhaolin Yuan Hong-Ning Dai Chao Yao Yu Guo Mohammad S.Obaidat George Q.Huang the School of Intelligence Science and Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Bionic Unmanned Systems and the Institute of Materials Intelligent Technology Liaoning Academy of Materials IEEE the Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Baptist University the School of Computer and Communication Engineering Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Devices for Post-Moore Chips Ministry of Education University of Science and Technology Beijing the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing the School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing the King Abdullah Ⅱ School of Information Technology The University of Jordan the Department of Computational Intelligence the School of Computing SRM University the School of Engineering The Amity University The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

In high-risk industrial environments like nuclear power plants, precise defect identification and localization are essential for maintaining production stability and safety. However, the complexity of such a harsh environment leads to significant variations in the shape and size of the defects. To address this challenge, we propose the multivariate time series segmentation network(MSSN), which adopts a multiscale convolutional network with multi-stage and depth-separable convolutions for efficient feature extraction through variable-length templates. To tackle the classification difficulty caused by structural signal variance, MSSN employs logarithmic normalization to adjust instance distributions. Furthermore, it integrates classification with smoothing loss functions to accurately identify defect segments amid similar structural and defect signal subsequences. Our algorithm evaluated on both the Mackey-Glass dataset and industrial dataset achieves over 95% localization and demonstrates the capture capability on the synthetic dataset. In a nuclear plant's heat transfer tube dataset, it captures 90% of defect instances with75% middle localization F1 score.

关键词： Eddy current testing nondestructive testing semantic segmentation time series analysis

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Port-controllable routing of orbital angular momentum modes using a rotatable diffractive neural network

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science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第6期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 158-167页

作者： Junmin Liu Jiafu Chen Qingji Zeng Zemin Liang Xinping Wu Xin Zhao Jiangnan Xiao Huapeng Ye Ze Dong Dianyuan Fan Shuqing Chen Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Shenzhen University College of New Materials and New Energies Shenzhen Technology University Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System Terahertz Science Cooperative Innovation Center School of Optical-Electrical Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics South China Normal University School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology

Orbital angular momentum(OAM) modes provide an additional orthogonal physical dimension, offering transformative potential for enhancing optical communication capacity. Despite significant progress in mode multiplexing, the development of robust communication networks faces persistent challenges, particularly in effectively routing and controlling these multiplexed channels among network nodes. To tackle these dilemmas, we propose a rotatable diffractive neural network(R-DNN) strategy and demonstrate its capability for port-controllable OAM mode routing. By leveraging the correlation between the orthogonal evolution of OAM modes in free space and phase modulations during propagation, the R-DNN precisely shapes the spatial evolution of mode fields through multiple rotatable phase layers, enabling efficient routing to specific output ports. This approach exploits the interaction of secondary wavelets with the relative states of the rotatable layers, allowing on-demand control of mode evolution paths and enhancing routing flexibility. As a proof of concept, we developed a tri-functional router that successfully directs three OAM modes to individually controllable output ports. This router achieves an average intermode crosstalk of less than-16.4 dB across three functional states, one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and cross-connected switching, while supporting the routing of 5.85 Tbit/s quadrature phase-shift keying signals. These results highlight the R-DNN's effectiveness in achieving precise and controllable OAM mode manipulation, paving the way for advanced applications in mode-multiplexed communication networks and beyond.

关键词： orbital angular momentum mode mode routing diffractive neural network

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Contract-Based Incentive Mechanisms for UAV Networks in Covert Communications

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular technology 2025年第5期74卷 7378-7391页

作者： Tian, Wen Fan, Hao Liu, Guangjie Du, Miao Liu, Yinqiu Niyato, Dusit Han, Zhu Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Electronic and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Intelligent Support Technology In Complex Environment Ministry of Education Nanjing210044 China Southeat University School of Computer Science and Engineering China Southeast University Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration Ministry of Education Nanjing China Nanyang Technological University School of Computer Science and Engineering 639798 Singapore University of Houston Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HoustonTX77004 United States Kyung Hee University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul446-701 Korea Republic of

Covert communication is considered a promising technology for hiding transmission processes and activities from malicious eavesdropping. With the development of detection technology, the traditional point-to-point covert communication method cannot effectively guarantee the reliability of covert communication. In order to solve this problem, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) are widely adopted in covert communication as common relay equipment. However, the UAV maximizes its benefits by taking advantage of the information asymmetry between itself and the covert communication sender. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage UAV-assisted potential users (UPU) to transmit covert data honestly by designing an information asymmetry-based incentive mechanism. In this paper, we propose a UAV-assisted contract-theoretic (UACT) model to improve the covert communication performance, where UPU honestly transmits covert data and the throughput of UACT can be increased. Specifically, we first divide UPU into finite types and model the data transfer contract between the sender, UPU, and receiver. Then, the contract feasibility of UACT is derived with sufficient and necessary conditions. Finally, we analyze the contract optimization in the continuous case of UPUs. Numerical simulations show that the UACT can incentivize UPUs to transmit covert data through UAV assistance and make covert communication performance close to the information symmetry case. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

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A Valuable and Low-Budget Process Scheme of Equivalized 1 nm technology Node Based on 2D Materials

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第8期17卷 294-305页

作者： Yang Shen Zhejia Zhang Zhujun Yao Mengge Jin Jintian Gao Yuhan Zhao Wenzhong Bao Yabin Sun He Tian College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information ProcessingEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241People’s Republic of China Institute of Microelectronics and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology(BNRist) Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System School of MicroelectronicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433People’s Republic of China Shaoxin Laboratory Shaoxing 312000People’s Republic of China

Emerging two-dimensional(2D)semiconductors are among the most promising materials for ultra-scaled transistors due to their intrinsic atomic-level *** the stacking process advances,the complexity and cost of nanosheet field-effect transistors(NSFETs)and complementary FET(CFET)continue to *** 1 nm technology node is going to be based on Si-CFET process according to international roadmap for devices and systems(IRDS)(2022,https://***/),but not publicly confirmed,indicating that more possibilities still *** miniaturization advantage of 2D semiconductors motivates us to explore their potential for reducing process costs while matching the performance of next-generation nodes in terms of area,power consumption and *** this study,a comprehensive framework is built.A set of MoS2 NSFETs were designed and fabricated to extract the key parameters and *** then for benchmarking,the sizes of 2D-NSFET are scaled to a extent that both of the Si-CFET and 2D-NSFET have the same average device *** these conditions,the frequency of ultra-scaled 2D-NSFET is found to improve by 36%at a fixed power *** work verifies the feasibility of replacing silicon-based CFETs of 1 nm node with 2D-NSFETs and proposes a 2D technology solution for 1 nm nodes,i.e.,“2D eq 1 nm”*** the same time,thanks to the lower characteristic length of 2D semiconductors,the miniaturized 2D-NSFET achieves a 28%frequency increase at a fixed power ***,developing a standard cell library,these devices obtain a similar trend in 16-bit RISC-V *** work quantifies and highlights the advantages of 2D semiconductors in advanced nodes,offering new possibilities for the application of 2D semiconductors in high-speed and low-power integrated circuits.

关键词： Two-dimensional semiconductors 1 nm technology node Nanosheet field-effect transistors Complementary field-effect transistors Horizontal scaling

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A numerical method for predicting bursting strength of composite rocket motor case considering filament winding process-induced stress

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2025年第2期38卷 505-518页

作者： Jiqiu LIANG Fei ZHAO Dan WU Anxin DING Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Aerospace Propulsion Technology Wuhan 430040China System Design Institute of Hubei Aerospace Technology Academy Wuhan 430040China School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China

A numerical method to predict the bursting strength of filament wound composite rocket motor case is proposed *** method can evaluate the longitudinal stress evolution of each composite layer as impregnated filaments with fiber tension are wound layer by layer,and consider the effects of accumulated stress and deformation during filament winding on the bursting strength of composite ***∅520 mm composite cases as a case study,the filament-winding-process-induced stress and deformation as well as progressive damage behavior are numerically predicted,followed by a comparison with experimental *** numerical results show that the predicted bursting pressures for composite cases manufactured on the mandrels with and without a flexible component are 14.20 MPa and 21.40 MPa,*** values exhibit slight deviation from the measured pressures of 13.50 MPa and 21.57 ***,the predicted damage locations,situated respectively in the dome and cylinder,agree well with the experimental *** observations indicate that use of flexible component reduces the load-bearing capacity of the ***,it validates the reliability and accuracy of the proposed numerical method in predicting the bursting strength of composite cases.

关键词： Composite case Fiber tension Bursting strengt hProgressive damage analysis Filament winding

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Spatiotemporal mode-locked intelligent fiber laser based on cascaded photonic lanterns

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Optics Letters 2025年第2期50卷 463-466页

作者： Liu, Zhuyixiao Zhang, Fengming Qian, Zichen Liu, Jing Dai, Lilong Mou, Chengbo Zhao, Luming Tang, Ming National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks Shanghai University Shanghai200444 China

An intelligent controlled spatiotemporal mode-locked (STML) fiber laser based on a photonic lantern (PL) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. A pair of in-house developed PLs is spliced into the cavity in a back-to-back structure. This PL-based structure functions as a mode multiplexer/demultiplexer to generate higher-order spatial modes. Owing to the strong polarization-dependent loss structural characteristics, the structure also serves as an equivalent saturable absorber based on nonlinear polarization rotation. The STML fiber laser delivers pulsed high-order modes at a center wavelength of 1555.4 nm with a pulse duration of 6.99 ps. With the deployment of a motorized polarization controller and a time-domain signal feedback system, the laser enables intelligent control via a stochastic global polarization search algorithm. Experimental results indicate that the proposed laser can effectively evade disturbances from complex intracavity states and accurately lock onto the fundamental mode-locking state within only 2 min. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group. All rights,including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI)training, and similar technologies, are reserved.

关键词： Time domain analysis

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Investigation into enhancing the sensitivity method for monitoring trace erosion product concentration in the ceramic channel of a Hall thruster

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Plasma science and technology 2025年第4期27卷 95-104页

作者： Wei XI Ximing ZHU Bowen ZHENG Zhongxi NING Daren YU School of Energy Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Aerospace Plasma Propulsion Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyHarbin 150001People’s Republic of China

An optical emission spectroscopy(OES)method with a non-invasive measurement capability,without inducing disturbance to the discharge,represents an effective method for material ***,when the OES method is employed to monitor the trace erosion product within the ceramic channel of a Hall thruster,it becomes challenging to distinguish between signal and *** this study,we propose a model filtering method based on the signal characteristics of the Hall thruster plume *** method integrates the slit imaging and spectral resolution features of the *** this method,we extract the spectral signals of the erosion product and working gas from the Hall thruster under different operating *** results indicate that our new method performs comparably to the traditional method without model filtering when extracting atom signals from strong xenon working ***,for trace amounts of the erosion product,our approach significantly enhances the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),enabling the identification of extremely weak spectral signals even under low mass flow rate and low-voltage *** obtain boron atom concentration of 3.91×10^(-3) kg/m^(3) at a mass flow rate of 4×10^(-7) kg/s and voltage of 200 V while monitoring a wider range of thruster operating *** new method proposed in this study is suitable for monitoring other low-concentration elements,making it valuable for materials processing,environmental monitoring and space propulsion applications.

关键词： model filtering method optical emission spectroscopy Hall thruster advanced actinometry method trace erosion product concentration(Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal)

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