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SSRN 2024年

作者： Habibey, Rouhollah Striebel, Johannes Latiftikhereshki, Roshanak Schmieder, Felix Nasiri, Rohollah Latifi, Shahrzad Universitäts-Augenklinik Bonn University of Bonn Dep. of Ophthalmology Ernst-Abbe-Straße 2 BonnD-53127 Germany CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden Dresden01307 Germany Dept. Neuroscience Italian Institute of Technology Genova Italy Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Kermanshah Branch Azad University Kermanshah Iran Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering TU Dresden Helmholtzstraße 18 Dresden01069 Germany Division of Nanobiotechnology Department of Protein Science Science for Life Laboratory KTH Royal Institute of Technology Solna Sweden AIMES Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institute Solna Sweden Department of Neurology David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los AngelesCA United States Department of Neuroscience Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute West Virginia University MorgantownWV26506 United States

Brain function is substantially linked to the highly organized structure of neuronal networks. The structures of in vitro assembled neuronal circuits often vary between samples and change over time, making it challenging to reliably record network functional output and link it to network structure. Therefore, engineering neuronal structures with predefined geometry and reproducible functional features is essential to robustly model in vivo neuronal circuits. Here, we engineered thin microchannel devices to assemble 2D and 3D modular networks. The microchannel devices were coupled with a multi-electrode array (MEA) electrophysiology system to enable long-term electrophysiology recordings from microengineered circuits. Each network consisted of 64 modules connected to their adjacent modules by micron-sized channels. The microstructures physically confined neurons to the recording electrodes, which significantly improved the efficiency of electrophysiology readout. In addition, the microstructures maintained the modular network structure for weeks. Modular circuits within microfluidic devices showed consistent spatial patterns of activity over weeks, which was lacking in the randomly formed circuits. The number of physical connections per module was shown to influence the measured activity and functional connectivity parameters, which represents the impact of network structure on its functional output. We show that microengineered 3D modular networks with profound activity and higher number of functional connections recapitulate key functional features of developing cortex. Structurally and functionally stable 2D and 3D networks mimic the modular architecture of brain circuits and provide a robust and reproducible in vitro microphysiological system for basic and translational neuroscience research. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microfluidics

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Forward Modelling of the Human Thorax for Electrical Impedance Tomography measurements

Forward Modelling of the Human Thorax for Electrical Impedan...

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Impedance Spectroscopy (IWIS), International Workshop on

作者： Hamdi Haddad Oumaima Bader Mariem Hafsa Najoua Essoukri Ben Amara Olfa Kanoun University of Sousse National Engineering School of Sousse Sousse Tunisia LATIS- Laboratory of Advanced Technology and Intelligent Systems Université de Sousse Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sousse Sousse Tunisie Professorship of Measurement and Sensor Technology Technische Universität Chemnitz Chemnitz Germany

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a medical imaging technique that reflects the inner conductivity distribution of biological tissue based on boundary voltages measured at the electrodes around the thorax while injecting an alternating current with a low amplitude. In this work, a 16-electrode thorax mesh is implemented for the pyEIT library. This mesh builds the basis for the reconstruction of the conductivity distributions from real human thorax voltage measurements. Post-processing techniques, such as the K-means method and the region based segmentation, have also been implemented. The resulting re-constructed images reflect the conductivity changes during the breathing cycle and by post-processing artifacts are eliminated leading to a clear image of the lungs and the heart.

关键词： Heart Electrical impedance tomography Image segmentation Voltage measurement Impedance measurement Lung Conductivity

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A parallel Architecture of a Genetic Algorithm for EIT Image Reconstruction

A parallel Architecture of a Genetic Algorithm for EIT Image...

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IEEE SSD International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices

作者： Mariem Hafsa Bilel Ben Atitallah Taha Ben Salah Najoua Essoukri Ben Amara Olfa Kanoun Professorship of Measurement and Sensor Technology Technische Universität Chemnitz Chemnitz Germany National Engineering School of Sousse University of Sousse Sousse Tunisia Université de Sousse Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sousse LATIS-Laboratory of Advanced Technology and Intelligent Systems Sousse Tunisie

ISBN: (纸本)9781665414937;9781665430579

Nowadays, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has become an interesting bio-medical imaging technique, it is non-invasive and shows great potential in medical investigation. The EIT presents high performances in conductivity mapping of the inner structure of a specific target. A set of electrodes are placed around the measured target where an excitation current is injected in a pre-defined frequency. This excitation will cause a variation of the potential distribution and consequently in the conductivity distribution of the measured medium. Therefore, boundary voltages are recorded, which will be used to provide the tomography image of the addressed cross-section. In this paper, the focus will be on the image reconstruction algorithm in order to reach high-quality images. A water tank set-up is used for the experiments where a conductive object is placed inside. Then, a genetic algorithm has been implemented in a parallel form to reduce the execution time by using a master/slave architecture. Moreover, to reach a high and accurate conductivity image, a reference technique has been integrated called the non-blind search. Further, a comparison study of genetic operators' configuration is carried out in terms of fitness values and object position identification. Nine combinations are tested, where the uniform crossover/random mutation shows the highest performance in object position identification with a fitness value equal to 0.0505. A comparison between the implemented solution and commonly used algorithms is established as well, where the genetic algorithm was able to outperform them in terms of fitness values.

关键词： Electric potential Current measurement Conductivity Genetics Storage tanks Frequency measurement Object recognition

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Epileptic Seizure Motion Classification based on sEMG and Artificial Neural Network

Epileptic Seizure Motion Classification based on sEMG and Ar...

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Impedance Spectroscopy (IWIS), International Workshop on

作者： Achraf Djemal Dhouha Bouchaala Ahmed Fakhfakh Olfa Kanoun Laboratory of Signals Systems Artificial Intelligence and Networks National School of Electronics and Telecommunications of Sfax University of Sfax Tunisia Digital Research Centre of Sfax Tunisia National Engineering School of Sfax University of Sfax Tunisia Chair of Measurement and Sensor Technology Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz University Germany

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 70% of all epileptic seizures are convulsive, making the EMG signal one of the essential signals used for epilepsy treatment. Nevertheless, epileptic seizure classification remains a challenge. Suitable machine learning classifiers and features are the critical metrics for good performance. In this paper, a collection of widely used time-domain features of surface electromyography (sEMG) signals is illustrated and an investigation of their ability to distinguish epileptic seizures is reported for five subjects performing myoclonic and tonic seizures using eight sEMG sensors placed on different muscles: Biceps brachii, flexor carpi ulnaris, gastrocnemius, and quadriceps. Feature selection step is required to eliminate information redundancy and irrelevant before epileptic seizure classification. The results show that extracting Waveform Length, Integrated EMG, Variance, Shannon Entropy, Complexity, Skewness, and Root Mean Square values are more significant for myoclonic-tonic seizure classification based on sEMG signal analysis. Selected features have been subjected to the Artificial Neural Network classifier. An overall epileptic seizure accuracy of 96% could be achieved by the ANN algorithm based on seven selected features.

关键词： Surface impedance Spectroscopy Epilepsy Artificial neural networks Muscles Feature extraction Electromyography

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Quantization of Acoustic Modes in Dumbbell Nanoparticles

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Physical Review Letters 2022年第4期128卷 048003-048003页

作者： Zuyuan Wang Hojin Kim Maria Secchi Maurizio Montagna Eric M. Furst Bahram Djafari-Rouhani George Fytas Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 Mainz 55128 Germany Institute for Measurement and Automation Division of Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems Bundeswehr University Munich Werner Heisenberg Weg 39 85579 Neubiberg Germany Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Allan P. Colburn Laboratory University of Delaware Newark Delaware 19716 USA Department of Industrial Engineering University of Trento via Sommarive 9 I-38123 Trento Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Universitá di Trento via Sommarive 14 I-38123 Trento Italy Institut d’Électronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) UMRCNRS 8520 Department of Physics University of Lille Villeneuve d’Ascq 59655 France

The vibrational eigenmodes of dumbbell-shaped polystyrene nanoparticles are recorded by Brillouin light spectroscopy (BLS), and the full experimental spectra are calculated theoretically. Different from spheres with a degeneracy of (2l+1), with l being the angular momentum quantum number, the eigenmodes of dumbbells are either singly or doubly degenerate owing to their axial symmetry. The BLS spectrum reveals a new, low-frequency peak, which is attributed to the out-of-phase vibration of the two lobes of the dumbbell. The quantization of acoustic modes in these molecule-shaped dumbbell particles evolves from the primary colloidal spheres as the separation between the two lobes increases.

关键词： Light-matter interaction Scattering theory Soft colloids Brillouin scattering & spectroscopy Finite-element method Inelastic light scattering

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Frequency Band Broadening and Charge Density Enhancement of a Vibrational Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Two Stoppers

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Qi, Youchao Liu, Guoxu Kuang, Yang Wang, Lu Zeng, Jianhua Lin, Yuan Zhou, Han Zhu, Meiling Zhang, Chi CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101400 China College of Engineering Mathematics and Physical Sciences University of Exeter ExeterEX4 4QF United Kingdom School of Nanoscience and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Center on Nanoenergy Research School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi University China

Vibrational triboelectric nanogenerators (V-TENG) can be used to harvest broadband vibration energy due to the nonlinear impact force induced by a stopper. However, V-TENGs with a single stopper have limited bandwidth and surface charge density, which has limited their application in wideband vibration energy harvesting. Herein, a V-TENG with two stoppers is proposed for frequency band broadening and charge density enhancement. The theoretical analysis and experimental validation have indicated the V-TENG with two stoppers could improve the bandwidth by 75% compared with one stopper at a gap distance of 0.5 mm. Moreover, a charge pump can be constructed with two output channels, which has improved surface charge density by about 14 times. With the frequency varying from 18 to 38 Hz, the V-TENG can continually power 400 LEDs and charge a commercial capacitor quickly. This work has shown an encouraging method for enhancing the performance of V-TENGs, which also has great prospects in harvesting wideband vibration energy from machines, cars, ships, and human motions for self-powered electronics. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanogenerators

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Vision Experiments on Chroma-Related Preference for Color Quality of Lighting

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Journal of the Illuminating engineering Society 2024年第4期20卷

作者： Yoshi Ohno Jiaye Li Yuki Kawashima Semin Oh a Sensor Science Division Physical Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland USA b Department of Informatics Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamagata University Yonezawa Japan c Department of Psychology School of Arts and Sciences University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA

ABSTRACTTwo vision experiments were conducted to quantify the chroma-related preference in color quality of lighting in a real room-size cubicle simulating interior lighting environment with spectrally tunable light sources. The first experiment used 9 different lights with increased or decreased chroma in nine levels in red-green directions. The second experiment used 11 different lights with increased or decreased chroma in three hue directions, for red, green, and yellow, controlled as independently as possible. About 20 subjects participated in these two experiments evaluating the appearance of various fruits and vegetables as well as skin tone under these test lights by numerous pair comparisons. The results of the first experiment showed that chroma increase in ΔC*ab≈ 4 to 8 from the reference light was most preferred for all target objects, and desaturated lights were disliked in all cases. The second experiment showed that chroma change in red is significantly important for the preference, green was second, and yellow had the least effect on preference. The results of the second experiment suggested that preference increases with increasing red chroma in light, and after a peak in preference (between ΔC*ab≈ 5 to 10), preference starts decreasing, which is consistent with findings from the first experiment. Neither the viewing targets nor the correlated color temperature (CCT) conditions were found to have significant impact on the subjects’ preference.

关键词： Color rendition color preference chroma perception vision experiment

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Electrolyte spraying within H2 bubbles during water electrolysis

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Bashkatov, Aleksandr Bürkle, Florian Demirkır, Çayan Ding, Wei Sanjay, Vatsal Babich, Alexander Yang, Xuegeng Mutschke, Gerd Czarske, Jürgen Lohse, Detlef Krug, Dominik Büttner, Lars Eckert, Kerstin Institute of Fluid Dynamics Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstrasse 400 Dresden01328 Germany Physics of Fluids Group Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics MESA+ Institute J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics University of Twente P.O. Box 217 Enschede7500AE Netherlands Laboratory for Measurement and Sensor System Techniques Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technische Universität Dresden Helmholtzstr. 18 Dresden01069 Germany Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization Am Fassberg 17 Göttingen37077 Germany Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology Technische Universität Dresden Dresden01062 Germany

Electrolytically generated gas bubbles can significantly hamper the overall electrolysis efficiency. Therefore it is crucial to understand their dynamics in order to optimise water electrolyzer systems. Here we demonstrate a distinct transport mechanism where coalescence with microbubbles drives electrolyte droplets, resulting from the fragmentation of the Worthington jet, into the gas phase during hydrogen evolution reaction, both in normal and microgravity environments. This indicates that the H2 bubble is not only composed of hydrogen gas and vapor but also includes electrolyte fractions. Reminiscent of bursting bubbles on a liquid-gas interface, this behavior results in a flow inside the bubble, which is further affected by Marangoni convection at the gas-electrolyte interface, highlighting interface mobility. In the case of electrode-attached bubbles, the sprayed droplets form electrolyte puddles at the bubble-electrode contact area, affecting the dynamics near the three-phase contact line and favoring bubble detachment from the electrode. The results of this work unravel important insights into the physicochemical aspects of electrolytic gas bubbles, integral for optimizing gas-evolving electrochemical systems. Besides, our findings are essential for studying the limits of jet formation and rupture relevant to acid mist formation in electrowinning, generation of sea spray aerosols, impact of droplets on liquid surfaces, etc. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Hydrogen evolution reaction

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Investigating the interlayer electron transport and its in?uence on the whole electric properties of black phosphorus

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Science Bulletin 2019年第4期64卷 254-260页

作者： Bensong Wan Shaoqiang Guo Jiacheng Sun Yufei Zhang Yuyan Wang Caofeng Pan Junying Zhang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Measurement Manipulation and Physics (Ministry of Education) School of Physics Beihang University CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Nanoscience and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Center on Nanoenergy Research School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi University College of Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University

Two-dimensional(2D) nanomaterials have attracted great attention in next generation electronic and optoelectronic technologies due to the unique layered structure and excellent physical and chemical properties. However, the mechanism of transmission along the vertical direction of 2D semiconductor materials has not been investigated. Here, we use first-principles calculations to explore the bandgap energies along different directions, and fabricate a vertical, a lateral and a mixture-structured black phosphorus field effect transistor(BPFET) to study the electrical characteristics along different directions under variable temperatures. The variable temperature test indicates that the mixture-structured device performs more like a lateral device, while the conductance along the vertical direction is hard to be tuned by temperature and electrical field. The unchanged conductance under electric field and variable temperatures allows the vertical device to act as a fixed resistor, promising possible application for the prospective electronic and optoelectronic devices.

关键词： Black phosphorus Transistor Transmission Vertical Variable temperature

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Scanning Acoustic Microscopy for Quantifying Two-phase Transfer in Operando Alkaline Water Electrolyzer

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Dou, Zehua Rox, Hannes Ramos, Zyzi Baumann, Robert Ravishankar, Rachappa Czurratis, Peter Yang, Xuegeng Lasagni, Andrés Fabian Eckert, Kerstin Czarske, Juergen Weik, David Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique Technische Universität Dresden Helmholtzstraße 18 Dresden01069 Germany Institute of Fluid Dynamics Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstraße 400 Dresden01328 Germany PVA TePla Analytical Systems GmbH Deutschordenstraße 38 Westhausen73463 Germany Institute of Manufacturing Science and Engineering Technische Universität Dresden George-Baehr-Straße 3c Dresden01069 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS Winterbergstraße 28 Dresden01277 Germany Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology Technische Universität Dresden Helmholtzstraße 14 Dresden01069 Germany Hydrogen Lab School of Engineering Technische Universität Dresden Helmholtzstraße 14 Dresden01062 Germany Institute for Emerging Electronic Technologies Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 Dresden01069 Germany

Improved understandings of two-phase transport in electrochemical gas-evolving systems are increasingly demanded, while high-performance imaging techniques using simplified instrumentations are not readily available. This work presents volumetric scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) imaging for quantifying the dynamics of gas bubbles and electrolyte in porous Nickel electrodes with different wettability and structures during alkaline water electrolysis (AWE). We realize high-resolution 3D imaging at 10's µm level using high frequency spherically focused ultrasound. The high resolution allowed us to clearly visualize the spatial distributions of produced bubbles in the porous electrodes over time. Moreover, we are able to quantify the residual gas volume in an electrode and its coverage due to bubble evolution, which dominate its transport overpotential. Taking these advantages, we elucidate the impacts of electrodes' wettability and structures on their electrolysis performance, on a regular laboratory base. The obtained knowledge provides us important optimization guidelines of AWE designs and operating schemes. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mass transfer

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