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SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications

作者： Chen, Yi-Yung Whang, Allen Jong-Woei Photonics System Simulation and Design Laboratory Department of Electronic Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei 106 Taiwan Photonics System Simulation and Design Laboratory Department of Electro-Optical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology #43 Sec. 4 Keelung Rd. Taipei 106 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477187

Light Emitting Diode, LED, has many advantages in many lighting applications, such as general illumination, street light, and auto lamp. In general, each application needs to do secondary optical design for its specific request. A secondary optical element can be separated into refractive and reflective part. In this paper, we present a design procedure of secondary optical design with intensity distribution of LED and sequential ray tracing. The method suits the both designs of refractive and reflective parts. In the first process, we integrate the series function of intensity distribution in spherical coordinate with a range of solid angle. In the second process, we calculate the redistribution parameters of luminous flux by the geometric parameters of LED, element, and detector. In the final process, we use ray tracing method to design the optical element by aspheric surface. The surface of the refractive part in secondary optical element could be Fresnel surface for reducing the thickness of element. For proving the design procedure, we design a secondary optical element of LED by this method with an illumination request. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering.

关键词： Light emitting diodes

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Using prismatic structure and brightness enhancement film to design cascadable unit of static solar concentrator in natural light guiding system

Using prismatic structure and brightness enhancement film to...

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SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications

作者： Yang, Shu-Hua Chen, Yi-Yung Whang, Allen Jong-Woei Photonics System Simulation and Design Laboratory Department of Electronic Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei 106 Taiwan Photonics System Simulation and Design Laboratory Department of Electro-Optical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology #43 Sec. 4 Keelung Rd. Taipei 106 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477132

Due to the energy crisis, the principle of green energy gains popularity. This leads the increasing interest in renewable energy such as solar energy. How to collect sunlight for indoor illumination is our ultimate target. A Natural Light Guiding system includes collecting, transmitting, and lighting parts. To date, most studies of collecting part have delicate in dynamic concentrators which include sun tracking systems. They are powered by small electric motors and require some type of control module to follow sun path, so it requires maintenance and adds a good bit of complexity to the system. The application area of dynamic concentrator is limited. In order to create a low cost, easily set up, and applied on large area structure, we design a unit of static concentrator to collect sunlight for indoor illumination which is prismatic and cascadable. The unit is made up of prismatic structure and can collect the nature light, sunlight, for indoor illumination. For offer more saving energy and more stable illumination, we consider the total collected energy in the whole day and the relationship between the efficiency of the static concentrator and time. We change the size of prism to be different and add the BEF structure to improve the unit. According to the simulation, the prismatic structure with different right-angle prism could advance the total collected energy and the BEF could advance the stabilization of efficiency in the whole day. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering.

关键词： Luminance

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An optical coupler of natural light guiding system based on stepped structure

An optical coupler of natural light guiding system based on ...

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SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications

作者： Pan, Po-Hsuan Chen, Yi-Yung Whang, Allen Jong-Woei Photonics System Simulation and Design Laboratory Department of Electronic Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei 106 Taiwan Photonics System Simulation and Design Laboratory Department of Electro-Optical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology #43 Sec. 4 Keelung Rd. Taipei 106 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477132

For saving energy and healthy lighting, many researches focus on the sunlight illumination system. A Natural Light Guiding system can be separated into collecting, transmitting, and lighting parts. With a cascadable concentrator in the collecting part, the transmitting part will use large number of fibers. It means the most of cost is on the transmitting part. With an N to 1 coupler, the number of lightpipe can be reduced quickly. In general, the optical coupler is tapered structure. According to the Etendue principle, however, the product of beam angle and area is contact. The beam angle of coupled sunlight will increase that isn't easy coupled again and transmitted with long distance. The total energy of the exit beam from the N to 1 coupler should be bigger than the energy of one incident beam. In this paper, we use stepped structure to design an optical coupler for coupling N to 1. In the research, the Natural Light Guiding system with the optical coupler is simulated, and we evaluate the parameters of the stepped structure. Finally, we analyze the coupled efficiency of the coupler. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering.

关键词： Lighting

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design and evaluation of natural light guiding system in ecological illumination of traffic tunnel

Design and evaluation of natural light guiding system in eco...

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SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications

作者： Chen, Cheng-Nan Chen, Yi-Yung Whang, Allen Jong-Woei Chen, Li-Hsien Photonics System Simulation and Design Laboratory Department of Electro-Optical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology #43 Sec. 4 Keelung Rd. Taipei 106 Taiwan Photonics System Simulation and Design Laboratory Department of Electronic Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology #43 Sec. 4 Keelung Rd. Taipei 106 Taiwan Department of Civil Engineering Graduate Institute of Civil and Disaster Prevention Engineering National Taipei University of Technology #1 Sec. 3 Jhongsiao E. Rd. Taipei 106 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477132

Ecological traffic tunnel means that the manner can deal with tunnel project environmental problem of surrounding area and it is most close to the green environment. In general, we always use artificial light sources, such as traditional light sources and LED, to be the light source of illumination in the traffic tunnel. However, the best light source for the health of the human body is the natural light. If we can guide the sunlight into the tunnel to be lighting source, it would have a great benefit to the health of the human body. In this paper, we use Natural Light Guiding system to provide ecological illumination in traffic tunnel. The system has collecting, transmitting, and lighting parts. In the collecting part, we utilize a static concentrator to collect sunlight which is made up of a prismatic and cascadable unit. In the transmitting part, the collected sunlight is guided by optical fiber or lightpipe efficiently. In the lighting part, we design a lighting module of road lamp for lighting the inside the tunnel. The lighting module redistributes light to conform the traffic regulation. Finally, we build a model of traffic tunnel in optical software with Natural Light Guiding system to simulate the performance. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering.

关键词： Light sources

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Uniform illumination system with desired emitting angle

Uniform illumination system with desired emitting angle

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SID 26th International Display Research Conference

作者： Whang, Jong-Woel Teng, Yuan-Ting Photoelectric System Simulation and Design Laboratory National Taiwan University of Science and Technology #43 Keelung Rd. Taipei 106 Taiwan

Backlight usually uses CCFL as light sources for the traditional LCD display. With the growing development of LED, it replaces CCFL gradually because of its advantage, such as durability, reliability, low-power and non-pollution. In addition, LED has developed towards the large size display such as LCD TV. Therefore, for backlight, it is quite important to achieve the uniform illumination distribution by arraying LEDs and increase brightness. The configurations of LED arrays and desired emitting angle of a lighting system can be design efficiently for a highly uniform illumination distribution by the method this paper presents, but not by trial and error processes. © 2006 SID.

关键词： Illuminating engineering

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Developing a prototype concurrent design tool for composite topside structures

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 279-290页

作者： Dirlik, S Hambric, S Azarm, S Marquardt, M Hellman, A Bartlett, S Castelli, V Steve Dirlik:began his career at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division in 1981 as an aerospace engineer co-op student. He completed his bachelor of science degree in aeropace and ocean engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1985 and his master of science degree in aerospace engineering from the University of Maryland in 1990. Mr. Dirlik recently completed a master of science program in applied physics at The Johns Hopins University and currently works in the Radar Cross Section and Target Physics Branch of the Signatures Directorate at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Corderoke Division. He has worked on Navy low observable programs since 1990. Stephen Hambric:is a research associate at the Applied Research Laboratory at The Pennsylvania State University. He received his B. S. and M.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and his D. Sc. in mechnical engineering from the George Washington University. He has worked on several computer aided multidiscikplinary design and optimization projects over the years including an automated propeller design system and a structural acoustic optimization capability. Dr. Shpour Azarm:is currently working as an associate professor with the Design and Manufacturing Group of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of maryland at College Park. Dr Azarm's expertise is in the areas of optimization-based designed and concurrent design and optimization of multidisciplinary systems. He was a consultant at Black & Decker Corporation (summer 1996) and worked as a Navy senior summer faculty fellow (summer 1995) and a NASA summer faculty fellow (summer 1994). He was a visiting scientist at NASA Langley Research Center for Multidisciplinary Analysis and Applied Structural Optimzatiom at the University of Siegen in Germany (spring 1992) and the Design Institute of the Technical University of Denmark (summer 1990). Dr Azarm was an associate technical editor of the ASME Jour

A prototype concurrent engineering tool has been developed for the preliminary design of composite topside structures for modern navy warships. This tool, named GELS for the concurrent Engineering of Layered Structures, provides designers with an immediate assessment of the impacts of their decisions on several disciplines which are important to the performance of a modern naval topside structure, including electromagnetic interference effects (EMI), radar cross section (RCS), structural integrity, cost, and weight. Preliminary analysis modules in each of these disciplines are integrated to operate from a common set of design variables and a common materials database. Performance in each discipline and an overall fitness function for the concept are then evaluated. A graphical user interface (GUI) is used to define requirements and to display the results from the technical analysis modules. Optimization techniques, including feasible sequential quadratic programming (FSQP) and exhaustive search are used to modify the design variables to satisfy all requirements simultaneously. The development of this tool, the technical modules, and their integration are discussed noting the decisions and compromises required to develop and integrate the modules into a prototype conceptual design tool.

关键词： Warships

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Influence of human engineering on manning levels and human performance on ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 67-76页

作者： Anderson, DE Oberman, FR Malone, TB Baker, CC David E. Anderson:has a bachelor of science degree in environmental engineering from Florida Technological University and a master's degree in environmental engineering from the University of Central Florida. He is a graduate of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Engineer-In-Training (EIT) Program. Mr. Anderson was instrumental in introducing the collective protection system (CPS) in the U.S. Navy developing the initial forward-fit package for the USS Gunston Hall and the engineering change proposal (ECP) for the USS Wasp. In 1990 he joined the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Division (SEA 55W5) where he was task leader for auxiliary ships. He is currently the HSI manager for the future technology variant of the SeaLift ship and the future carrier. Association of Scientists and Engineers 33rdAnnual Technical Symposium 26 April 1996. Fred R. Oberman:has B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Chicago and Loyola University (experimental psychology) and an M.S. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). He has more than 30 years experience in HSI management planning research analysis design and testing in government and private sector positions. He is currently responsible for NavSea HSI generic research and tool development efforts. He is responsible for Human Engineering Specifications and Standards (Commercial Hypertext) and is the NavSea 03D7 representative on HSI in Performance Specifications and for integration of HSI within Integrated Logistic Support (ILS). He has served as DoD HSI SubTAG chair and member of the Simulation and Modeling Test and Evaluation Display and Control Systems Human Computer Interaction Specifications and Standards and Systems Design Sub Tags as a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Systems Safety Panel and a member of NATO RSG 14 on man-machine analysis. Thomas B. Malone: CHFEP received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is president of Carlow

The objectives of Human Engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval Research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.

关键词： Human engineering

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HYBRID SATELLITE AND TERRESTRIAL NETWORKS

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 1994年第3期12卷 313-327页

作者： CHITRE, DM SHYY, DJ EPHREMIDES, A GUPTA, S COMSAT Laboratories 22300 Comsat Drive Clarksburg MD 20871–9475 USA. Received his B.Sc. from the University of Bombay India an M.A. in mathematics from the University of Cambridge U.K. and a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Maryland. He is currently an Associate Executive Director of the Network Technology Division at COMSAT Laboratories. He has been involved in research and development activities in ISDN VSAT networks data communications and network systems and architectures. Prior to his current positions Dr. Chitre was a Principal Scientist in the Network Technology Division at COMSAT Laboratories. Dr. Chitre joined COMSAT Laboratories in 1980. He has made major contributions to the analysis and architecture of data communication ISDN and BISDN via satellite. Dr. Chitre directs and participates in the international and national standards activities in ISDN BISDN and data communication as they apply to satellite communication. He was Chairman of the Working Group on Protocols and Network Timing Function of the CCIR/CCITT Joint Ad Hoc Group on ISDN/Satellite Matters during 1990–1992. Currently he is the Chairman of the Working Group on New Technologies in the ITU Intersector Coordinating Group (ICG) on Satellite Matters. Dr. Chitre was a programme manager during 1990 and 1991 on a contract from INTELSAT on systems studies on satellite communications systems architectures for ISDN and broadband ISDN systems. Currently he is the technical manager of the DoD Contract on ATM via satellite demonstration and the programme manager for the INTELSAT contract on analysis and top-level specification of INTELSAT ISDN subnetworks and SDH compatible transport network. Received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from national Chiao-Tung University Hsin-Chu Taiwan in 1983 and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA in 1986 and 1990 respectively. From June 1987 to October 1987 he worked for the Department of Neurology Emory Univers

The role of satellite communications in networks that provide new services, such as frame relay and multimedia, is investigated. Both passive and active (on-board switching/processing) satellite systems are considered. Novel techniques are developed for each system to demonstrate, via detailed analysis and simulation, how the communications bandwidth agility of multipoint/broadcast satellite channels, and the on-board switching/processing, makes it feasible to provide these new services via hybrid satellite and terrestrial networks in a resource-efficient manner.

关键词： HYBRID NETWORKS ON-BOARD PROCESSING FRAME RELAY

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system ENGINEERING STATE-OF-ART EQUAL TO MODERN WARSHIP design

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1978年第2期90卷 130-136页

作者： ECKHART, M USN (RET.) The Authoris currently Chief Scientist in the Autonetics Marine Systems Division Rockwell International concentrating in Digital Simulation Applications in System Engineering. A graduate of the U. S. Naval Academy in 1945 he served in various surface assignments until 1950. Subsequent thereto after being designated an Engineering Duty Officer (ED) he had Type Commander Staff Laboratory ESO and Naval Shipyard assignments until 1962 when he became the Miltary Chairman Electrical Science at the U. S. Naval Academy. In 1965 he became the Head Electrical/Electronics Design Branch Bureau of Ships remaining in this assignment until 1967 when he assumed the responsibilities of Director Ship Concept Design Division Naval Ship Engineering Center. Upon retiring from the U. S. Naval Service in 1970 he joined Rockewell International and the following year became the Manager of the Integration Programs Group involved in Model—Based Systems Analysis EM Effectiveness Submarine Control and Ship Data Miltiplexing. His education includes a BS degree from the U. S. Naval Academy a BS degree in Electrical Engineering received from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1949 and a MS degree in Electrical Engineering received from The George Washington University in 1967. A former ASNE Council Member he has been active in ASNE at both the National and Local Section levels since 1967.

The general systems engineering state—of—the—art has not been equal to the functional diversity of modern multimission warships, nor to the more complex system relationships that are characteristically involved in their design. Resultant dependence upon qualitative assessments of higher level relationships in warship definition and design has been and is a critical impediment to the Navy's corporate purposes, both in prosecuting its vital rebuilding campaign and in dealing with the technological pace of naval warfare. A design methodology development, first reported on ASNE Day 74, has provided the basis for removing this impediment. The threshold criterion of system engineering, quantification, and correlation of total system design objectives, can be satisfied for warship definition and design. Further, the basic elements of an exploitive system engineering practice have been developed sufficiently to confirm their validity. This work is interpreted in terms of the system engineering structure that can be expected to emerge; first, because it can be done, and second, because its payoffs are so urgently needed by the Navy.

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