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Advanced modeling of the absorption enhancement of black carbon particles in chamber experiments by considering the morphology and coating thickness

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第9期18卷 129-142页

作者： Xiaodong Wei Jianlin Hu Chao Liu Xiaodong Xie Junjie Yin Song Guo Min Hu Jianfei Peng Huijun Wang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologySchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster(Ministry of Education)Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Nansen−Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China East China Air Traffic Management Bureau CAAC Shanghai 200335China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control(IJRC)(Ministry of Education)College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research&State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

Measurements studies have shown that the absorption of radiation by black carbon(BC)increases as the particles ***,there are significant discrepancies between the measured and modeled absorption enhancement(E_(abs)),largely due to the simplifications used in modeling the mixing states and shape *** took advantage of chamber experiments on BC aging and developed an efficient method to resolve the particle shape based on the relationship between the coating fraction(ΔD_(ve)/D_(ve),0)and fractal dimension(D_(f)),which can also reflect the variations of D_(f)during the whole BC aging *** with externally and partly mixed states(0≤ΔD_(ve)/D_(ve),0≤0.5)can be considered to be uniformly distributed with the D_(f)values of 1.8–2.1,whereas the Df values are constrained in the range 2.2–2.8 for fully mixed states(ΔD_(ve)/D_(ve),0>0.5).The morphological parameters(i.e.,the effective density and the dynamic shape factor)were compared with the measured values to verify the simulated *** simulated mean deviations of morphological parameters were smaller than 8%for the method resolving the particle *** applying a realistic shape and refractive index,the mass absorption cross for fully mixed states can be improved by 11%compared with a simplified core–shell *** on our understanding of the influence of D_(f)andΔD_(ve)/D_(ve),0 on E_(abs),we propose a two-stage calibration equation to correct the E_(abs)values estimated by the core–shell model,which reduces the simulation error in the Mie calculation by 6%–14%.

关键词： Black carbon Mixing states Fractal dimension Dynamic shape factor Absorption enhancement

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Assessment and prediction of the effect of ageing on the adsorption of nonylphenol in black carbon-sediment systems

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第4期33卷 216-225页

作者： Guanghuan Cheng Han Liu Tailu Dong Qiuyu Li Mingyang Sun Liping Lou Environmental Science College of EngineeringChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 211198China Department of Environmental Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control(AEMPC) Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology(AEET)School of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science&Technology(NUIST)Nanjing 210044China Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310058China

Black carbon(BC)is a promising sediment amendment,as proven by its considerable adsorption capacity for hydrophobic organic pollutants and accessibility,but its reliability when used for the removal of pollutants in natural sediments still needs to be *** example,the ageing process,resulting in changing of surface physicochemical properties of BC,will decrease the adsorption capacity and performance of BC when applied to sediment pollution *** this study,how the ageing process and BC proportion affect the adsorption capacity of BC-sediment systems was modelled and quantitatively investigated to predict their adsorption capacity under different ageing times and BC *** results showed that the ageing process decreased the adsorption capacity of both BC-sediment systems,due to the blockage of the non-linear adsorption sites of *** adsorption capacity of rice straw black carbon(RC)-sediment systems was higher than that of fly ash black carbon(FC)-sediment systems,indicating that RC is more efficient than FC for nonylphenol(NP)pollution control in *** newly established model for the prediction of adsorption capacity fits the experimental data appropriately and yields acceptable predictions,especially when based on parameters from the Freundlich ***,to fully reflect the influence of the ageing process on BC-sediment systems and make more precise predictions,it is recommended that future work considering more factors and conditions,such as modelling of the correlation between the adsorption capacity and the pore volume or specific surface area of BC,be applied to build an accurate and sound model.

关键词： Black carbon(BC) Nonylphenol(NP) Ageing Sorption Sediment

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Enhanced secondary pollution offset reduction of primary emissions during COVID-19 lockdown in China

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National Science Review 2021年第2期8卷 51-59页

作者： Xin Huang Aijun Ding Jian Gao Bo Zheng Derong Zhou Ximeng Qi Rong Tang Jiaping Wang Chuanhua Ren Wei Nie Xuguang Chi Zheng Xu Liangduo Chen Yuanyuan Li Fei Che Nini Pang Haikun Wang Dan Tong Wei Qin Wei Cheng Weijing Liu Qingyan Fu Baoxian Liu Fahe Chai Steven J.Davis Qiang Zhang Kebin He School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua University Department of Earth System Science University of California Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environment Science Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center Beijing Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center

To control the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus(COVID-19), China imposed nationwide restrictions on the movement of its population(lockdown) after the Chinese New Year of 2020, leading to large reductions in economic activities and associated emissions. Despite such large decreases in primary pollution, there were nonetheless several periods of heavy haze pollution in eastern China, raising questions about the well-established relationship between human activities and air quality. Here, using comprehensive measurements and modeling, we show that the haze during the COVID lockdown was driven by enhancements of secondary pollution. In particular, large decreases in NOx emissions from transportation increased ozone and nighttime NO3radical formation, and these increases in atmospheric oxidizing capacity in turn facilitated the formation of secondary particulate matter. Our results, afforded by the tragic natural experiment of the COVID-19 pandemic, indicate that haze mitigation depends upon a coordinated and balanced strategy for controlling multiple pollutants.

关键词： COVID-19 haze pollution ozone emission reduction secondary pollution

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Temporal patterns of algae in different urban lakes and their correlations with environmental variables in Xi’an,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第11期133卷 138-151页

作者： Shengnan Chen Hanyan Liu Haihan Zhang Kai Li Na Wang Weimin Sun Xiang Liu Limin Niu Ben Ma Fan Yang Haiyun Li Daijuan Zhao Yan Xing Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering Key Laboratory of Northwest Water ResourceEnvironment and EcologyMOEXi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and ManagementInstitute of Eco-environmental and Soil SciencesGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China Shaanxi Environmental Monitoring Center Xi’an 710054China

Urban lakes were critical in aquatic ecology environments,but how environmental factors affected the distribution and change characteristics of algal communities in urban lakes of Xi’an city was not ***,we investigated the algal community structure of six urban lakes in Xi’an and evaluated the effects of water quality parameters on *** results indicated that the significant differences on physicochemical parameters existed in different urban *** maximum concentration of total phosphorus in urban lakes was(0.18±0.01)mg/L and there was a phenomenon of phosphorus *** addition,51 genera of algae were identified and Chlorella *** the dominant algal species,which was affiliated with *** analysis elucidated that each lake had a unique algal community network and the positive correlation was dominant in the interaction between algae species,illustrating that mature microbial communities existed or occupied similar *** analysis illustrated that environmental factors explained 47.35% variance of algal species-water quality correlation collectively,indicating that water quality conditions had a significant influence on the temporal variations of *** equation model further verified that algal community structure was directly or indirectly regulated by different water quality *** study shows that temporal patterns of algal communities can reveal the dynamics and interactions of different urban ecosystem types,providing a theoretical basis for assessing eutrophication levels and for water quality management.

关键词： Urban lakes Algal community structure Network analysis Species interaction pattern Structural equation model

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Aqueous production of sulfur-containing aerosols from nitroaromatic compounds and SO2 in wintertime urban haze

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Science Bulletin 2025年

作者： Yang, Ning Wang, Junfeng Jacob, Daniel J. Ye, Jianhuai Sheng, Ming Niu, Mutong Qin, Yiming Ge, Xinlei Sun, Yele Wang, Zifa Wang, Yuhang Wu, Fengchang Liu, Cong-Qiang George, Christian Fu, Pingqing Institute of Surface-Earth System Science School of Earth System Science Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China School of Emergency Management Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044 China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044 China John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong999077 China LAPC Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100029 China School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA02115 United States State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing100012 China Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS IRCELYON VilleurbanneF-69626 France

Nighttime aqueous oxidation of fossil fuel emissions is a significant source of atmospheric secondary organic aerosols. However, the underlying mechanism of the aqueous processing remains unclear. Utilizing ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry of water-soluble organic carbon samples, we present field observations that reveal the aqueous-phase conversion of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) and sulfur-containing aerosols from fossil fuel combustion at high relative humidity during a severe haze event in Beijing in the winter of 2016. We have confirmed that the ring-breaking oxidation of NACs can generate nitrous acid in the aqueous phase, which rapidly oxidizes sulfur dioxide (SO2) to sulfate. Subsequently, reactions between sulfate and unsaturated compounds contribute to the formation of aliphatic organosulfates. Our results elucidate a molecular-level understanding of the aqueous production of sulfur-containing aerosols from NACs and SO2 in wintertime urban haze. © 2025 Science China Press

关键词： Sulfur dioxide

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Characterization of submicron aerosols in the urban outflow of the central Pearl River Delta region of China

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012年第5期6卷 725-733页

作者： Zhaoheng GONG Zijuan LAN Lian XUE Liwu ZENG Lingyan HE Xiaofeng HUANG Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology School of Environment and EnergyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen 518055China Qingdao Environmental Monitoring Center Qingdao 266003China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control School of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Sciences and EngineeringNanjing 210044China

Submicron aerosol particles （with aerody- namic diameters less than 1 pm, PM1） were sampled and measured in Heshan, an urban outflow site of Guangzhou megacity in Pearl River Delta in South China, using an Aerodyne High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer （HR-ToF-AMS） in November 2010 during 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games. The mean PM~ mass concentration measured was 47.9 ± 17.0 μg.m3 during the campaign, with organic aerosol （OA） and sulfate being the two dominant species, accounting for 36.3% and 20.9% of the total mass, respectively, followed by black carbon （17.1%, measured by an aethalometer）, nitrate （12.9%）, ammonium （9.6%） and chloride （3.1%）. The average size distributions of the species （except black carbon） were dominated by an accumulation mode peaking at -550 nm. Calculations based on high-resolution organic mass spectrum showed that, C, H, O and N on average contributed 58.1%, 7.3%, 30.7%, and 3.9% to the total organic mass, respectively. The average ratio of organic mass over organic carbon mass （OM/OC） was 1.73 ± 0.08. Four components of OA were identified by the Positive Matrix Factorization （PMF） analysis, including a hydro- carbon-like （HOA）, a biomass burning （BBOA） and two oxygenated （SV-OOA and LV-OOA） organic aerosol components, which on average accounted for 18.0%, 14.3%, 28.8% and 38.9% of the total organic mass, respectively.

关键词： organic aerosol high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) positive matrix factorization

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Pyrometallurgical recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries from conventional roasting to synergistic pyrolysis with organic wastes

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第10期85卷 547-561,I0014页

作者： Chao Pan Yafei Shen China Energy Science and Technology Research Institute Co.Ltd. Nanjing 210023JiangsuChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control(AEMPC) Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologySchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044JiangsuChina

The synergistic pyrolysis has been increasingly used for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and organic wastes(hydrogen and carbon sources),which are in-situ transformed into various reducing agents such as H_(2),CO,and char via carbothermal and/or gas thermal *** with the conventional roasting methods,this“killing two birds with one stone”strategy can not only reduce the cost and energy consumption,but also realize the valorization of organic *** paper concluded the research progress in synergistic pyrolysis recycling of spent LIBs and organic *** the one hand,valued metals such as Li,Co,Ni,and Mn can be recovered through the pyrolysis of the cathode materials with inherent organic materials(e.g.,separator,electrolyte)or graphite *** the pyrolysis process,the organic materials are decomposed into char and gases(e.g.,CO,H_(2),and CH_(4))as reducing agents,while the cathode material is decomposed and then converted into Li_(2)CO_(3) and low-valent transition metals or their oxides via in-situ thermal *** formed Li_(2)CO_(3) can be easily recovered by the water leaching process,while the formed transition metals or their oxides(e.g.,Co,CoO,Ni,MnO,etc.)can be recovered by the reductant-free acid leaching or magnetic separation *** the other hand,organic wastes(e.g.,biomass,plastics,etc.)as abundant hydrogen and carbon sources can be converted into gas(e.g.,H_(2),CO,etc.)and char via *** cathode materials are decomposed and subsequently reduced by the pyrolysis gas and *** addition,the pyrolysis oil and gas can be upgraded by catalytic reforming with the active metals derived from cathode ***,great challenges are proposed to promote this promising technology in the industrial applications.

关键词： Synergistic pyrolysis Spent LIBs Biomass Recycling Reduction roasting

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The efficient electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia on nickel telluride/copper foam with electron-rich sites

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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2025年第4期13卷

作者： Yiyang Chen Jiawei Zhu Ningxuan Xue Xinyu Gai Da Teng Chen Wei Fengling Liu Zhaobing Guo Yalin Yu Pengxiang Qiu Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC) Collaborative Innovation Centre of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CIC-AEET) School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China Suqian University Suqian 223800 China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of E-waste Recycling School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Jiangsu University of Technology Changzhou 213001 China

Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate (NO 3 - ) to ammonia (NH 3 ) provides a green and moderate alternative to the Haber-Bosch method. Yet, the NH 3 Faradaic efficiency (FE) is limited by the generation of byproducts and the occurrence of competitive hydrogen evolution reactions. The development of electrocatalysts for NO 3 - reduction to NH 3 with high activity and selectivity remains a significant challenge. Herein, we designed tellurides with electron-rich Ni sites grown on copper foam (Ni 3 Te 2 /Cu), which have been demonstrated to possess superior catalytic activity for electrochemical conversion of NO 3 - to NH 3 , with a maximum NO 3 - conversion rate of 100 % and the FE was 96.78 % at −0.49 V vs RHE and pH= 7. The experimental results confirmed that the excellent NO 3 - reduction activity was attributed to the outstanding characteristic of tellurides and the formation of electron-rich Ni sites. Theoretical calculations further indicated that the tight binding of Cu and electron-rich Ni promotes NO 3 RR activity.

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Application of multi-angle spaceborne observations in characterizing the long-term particulate organic carbon pollution in China

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 958卷 177883页

作者： Hang, Yun Pu, Qiang Zhu, Qiao Meng, Xia Jin, Zhihao Liang, Fengchao Tian, Hezhong Li, Tiantian Wang, Tijian Cao, Junji Fu, Qingyan Dey, Sagnik Li, Shenshen Huang, Kan Kan, Haidong Shi, Xiaoming Liu, Yang Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health Rollins School of Public Health Emory University AtlantaGA30322 United States Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences School of Public Health University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston HoustonTX77030 United States Department of Behavioral Science and Health Equity College for Public Health and Social Justice Saint Louis University St. LouisMO63104 United States School of Public Health Fudan University Shanghai200032 China School of Public Health and Emergency Management Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health National Institute of Environmental Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing100021 China School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China State Ecologic Environmental Scientific Observation and Research Station at Dianshan Lake Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center Shanghai200235 China Centre for Atmospheric Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi110016 India State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai200433 China

Ambient PM2.5 pollution poses a major risk to public health in China, contributing to significant mortality and morbidity. While overall PM2.5 concentrations have declined in recent years, the changes in PM2.5 chemical constituents remain inadequately understood due to limited ground monitoring networks. We developed a Super Learner model that integrates MISR satellite data, chemistry transport model simulations, and land use information to predict daily OC concentrations across China from 2003 to 2019 at a 10-km spatial resolution. The model achieved high predictive accuracy with a cross-validation R2 of 0.84 and an RMSE of 4.9 μg/m3. Our findings show elevated OC levels in Northern China, driven by industrial activities with concentrations exceeding 30 μg/m3 during the heating season. In contrast, forest fires were the primary contributors in Yunnan, raising OC concentrations to 20–30 μg/m3 during fire seasons. Over the 17-year period, the national OC trend declined by 1.3 % annually. Regionally, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the Fenwei Plain experienced faster reductions at annual rates of 1.5 % and 2.0 %, respectively, while Yunnan exhibited no significant trends. To better understand pollution source contributions, we analyzed the OC/EC ratio, which indicated higher ratios in less populated rural areas, suggesting agricultural and biogenic emissions, while lower ratios in urban clusters pointed to primary sources such as traffic and industrial activities. Notably, since 2013, significant decreases in the OC/EC ratio have been observed in the North China Plain, likely reflecting the impact of stringent air pollution control policies on biomass burning. This study provides valuable exposure estimates for epidemiological research on the long-term health effects of OC in China, offering insights for evaluating air quality policies and guiding future management strategies. © 2024

关键词： Air quality

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Cloud-Base Distribution and Cirrus Properties Based on Micropulse Lidar Measurements at a Site in Southeastern China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第7期32卷 991-1004页

作者： Jianjun LIU Zhanqing LI ZHENG Youfei Maureen CRIBB State Laboratory of Earth Surface Process and Resource Ecology and College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center University of Maryland Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology

The cloud fraction （CF） and cloud-base heights （CBHs）, and cirrus properties, over a site in southeastern China from June 2008 to May 2009, are examined by a ground-based lidar. Results show that clouds occupied the sky 41% of the time. Significant seasonal variations in CF were found with a maximum/minimum during winter/summer and similar magnitudes of CF in spring and autumn. A distinct diurnal cycle in the overall mean CF was seen. Total, daytime, and nighttime annual mean CBHs were 3.05 ± 2.73 km, 2.46 ± 2.08 kin, and 3.51 ± 3.07 km, respectively. The lowest/highest CBH occurred around noon/midnight. Cirrus clouds were present ～36.2% of the time at night with the percentage increased in summer and decreased in spring. Annual mean values for cirrus geometrical properties were 8.89 ± 1.65 km, 9.80 ± 1.70 kin, 10.73 ± 1.86 km and 1.83± 0.91 km for the base, mid-cloud, top height, and the thickness, respectively. Seasonal variations in cirrus geometrical properties show a maximum/minimum in summer/winter for all cirrus geometrical parameters. The mean cirrus lidar ratio for all cirrus cases in our study was ～ 25 ± 17 sr, with a smooth seasonal trend. The cirrus optical depth ranged from 0.001 to 2.475, with a mean of 0.34 ± 0.33. Sub-visual, thin, and dense cirrus were observed in ～12%, 43%, and 45% of the cases, respectively. More frequent, thicker cirrus clouds occurred in summer than in any other season. The properties of cirrus cloud over the site are compared with other lidar-based retrievals of midlatitude cirrus cloud properties.

关键词： cloud-base distribution cirrus propertfes lidar southeastern China

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