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Enhancing rice production sustainability and resilience via reactivating small water bodies for irrigation and drainage (vol 14, 3794, 2023)

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NATURE COMMUNICATIONS 2023年第1期14卷 1-11页

作者： Li, Sisi Zhuang, Yanhua Liu, Hongbin Wang, Zhen Zhang, Fulin Lv, Mingquan Zhai, Limei Fan, Xianpeng Niu, Shiwei Chen, Jingrui Xu, Changxu Wang, Na Ruan, Shuhe Shen, Wangzheng Mi, Menghan Wu, Shengjun Du, Yun Zhang, Liang Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Non-Point Source Pollution Control Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430077 PR China Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei Wuhan 430077 PR China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 PR China Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 PR China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 PR China Interdisciplinary Research Center for Territorial Spatial Governance and Green Development Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 PR China Institute of Plant Protection Soil and Fertilizer Sciences Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430064 PR China Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chongqing 400714 PR China Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shenyang 110161 PR China Institute of Soil & Fertilizer and Resources & Environment Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanchang 330200 PR China

Rice farming threatens freshwater resources, while also being increasingly vulnerable to drought due to climate change. Rice farming needs to become more sustainable and resilient to climate change by improving irrigation drainage systems. Small water bodies, used to store drainage water and supply irrigation in traditional rice farming systems have gradually been abandoned in recent decades. This has resulted in a higher water footprint (WF) associated with rice farming due to increased freshwater usage and wastewater release, also leaving rice production more vulnerable to extreme weather events. Here, we propose how protecting and reactivating small water bodies for rice irrigation and drainage can decrease rice production WF in China by 30%, save 9% of China’s freshwater consumption, increase irrigation self-sufficiency from 3% to 31%, and alleviate yield loss in dry years by 2–3%. These findings show that redesigning rice irrigation drainage systems can help meet water scarcity challenges posed by climate change.

关键词： Environmental health Hydrology Wetlands ecology

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Microbial Characteristics Reveal the Potential Effects of Ni (Ii) Stress on Nitrogen Removal and Biofilm Formation in Biofilm-Activated Sludge Reactor

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Wei, Jun Xiao, Huang Hou, Wanli Zheng, Zhihao Zhou, Guorun Yu, Jianghua Jiang, Jiahong Zhou, Jianfeng Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing210044 China Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology of Ministry of Education College of Environmental Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao266100 China New York University New YorkNY10012 United States Shenzhen518038 China

For evaluating the effect of Ni (II) stress on nitrogen (N) removal performance, four sequencing batch biofilm reactors (SBBR) with different concentrations of Ni (II) (0, 0.5, 2.5, 5 mg L-1, respectively) were set up to reveal the biofilm formation and its biological mechanism. Results showed that the removal efficiencies of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and total nitrogen (TN) decreased from 98.03% and 83.18% to 87.82% and 66.77%, respectively, with the increasing concentration of Ni (II) (0- 5 mg L-1). The addition of Ni (II) significantly (p © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nitrogen removal

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Effect of emission control measures on ozone concentrations in Hangzhou during G20 meeting in 2016

Effect of emission control measures on ozone concentrations ...

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作者： Wang, Ye Liao, Hong Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing210044 China

The effect of emission control measures on ozone (O3) concentrations in Hangzhou during G20 (The Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors) meeting during 24 August to 6 September of 2016 was evaluated using the nested version of a global chemical transport model. During G20, observed concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and CO were all below national air quality standards, whereas those of MDA8 O3 were above national standard (with an averaged value of 160.2 μg m−3) but had a decreasing trend. Model sensitivity studies show that, MDA8 O3 concentrations in Hangzhou during G20 were reduced by 11.3 μg m−3 (6.8%), 14.8 μg m−3 (8.9%), and 19.5 μg m−3 (11.7%) with emission control measures in the core area, Zhejiang province, and the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, respectively, indicating that control measures were the most effective when carried out jointly in YRD. Considering the ratios of NOx to VOCs during G20, Hangzhou and most areas of Zhejiang province were in transitional regime;reductions in either NOx or VOCs could reduce O3 concentrations. We also quantified how sensitive O3 concentrations respond to emission reductions in sectors of industry, power, residential and transportation in the whole of YRD during G20. The removal of emissions in industry and transportation sectors would lead to the largest reductions of 17.6 μg m−3 (10.5%) and 12.3 μg m−3 (7.4%) in MDA8 O3 concentrations in Hangzhou during G20, respectively. This study has important implications for the control of high O3 levels in eastern China. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Emission control

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Applying Machine Learning to Construct Braking Emission Model for Real-World Road Driving

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Wei, Ning Men, Zhengyu Ren, Chunzhe Jia, Zhenyu Zhang, Yanjie Lv, Zongyan Guo, Dongping Guo, Jiliang Chang, Junyu Wu, Lin Peng, Jianfei Wang, Ting Zhang, Qijun Mao, Hongjun Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin300071 China Tianjin Youmei Environment Technology Ltd. Tianjin300300 China

Brake emission s from vehicles are increasing as the number of vehicles ***, current research on brake emissions, particularly the intensity and characteristics of emissions under real road conditions ,is significantly inadequate compared to exhaust emissions. To this end, a dataset of 600 brake pad segments was constructed and a mapping function between the average brake emission intensity of PM 2.5 from the segments and the segment features was established by five algorithms (multiple linear regression (MLR) and four machine learning algorithms).Based on the five algorithms, the importance of the different features of the fragments was discussed and brake energy intensity (BEI) and brake pad metal content ( MC ) were identified as the most significant factors affecting brake emissions and used as the final modeling *** the five algorithms, categorical boosting (CatBoost) had the best prediction performance, with a mean R 2 and RMSE of 0.83 and 0.039 respectively for the tenfold *** addition, the CatBoost-based model was further compared with the MOVES model to demonstrate its *** CatBoost-based model has better prediction performance than the MOVES *** MOVES model overpredicts brake fragment emissions for urban roads and underpredicts brake fragment emissions for motorways. Furthermore, the CatBoost-based model was interpreted and visualized by an individual conditional expectation (ICE) plot to break the machine learning black box, with BEI and MC showing nonlinear monotonic increasing relationships with braking *** plot also provides viable technical solutions for controlling brake emissions in the future. Both avoiding aggressive braking driving behavior (e.g., the application of smart transportation technologies) and using brake pads with less metal content (e.g., using ceramic brake pads) can effectively reduce brake *** construction of a machine learning-based brake emission mod

关键词： Brakes

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Preparation of a Class of CucurbitUril- Ln3+- Based Supramolecular Assemblies and its Efficient Detection of L-Tryptophan

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Chen, Kai Yang, Mengli Zhao, Jiang-Lin Wang, Kui-Yuan School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hubei Engineering University Xiaogan432000 China Precision Medicine R&D Center Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangdong Zhuhai519080 China Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou No. 99 Zheda Road Quzhou324000 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing210044 China Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices Ministry of Education Jianghan University Wuhan430056 China

By introducing Co2+ ions as a structure-induced agent, five novel Ln3+-cucurbit[5]uril-based supramolecular assemblies have been successfully prepared in the cucurbit[5]uril (Q[5]) system with rare-earth elements (Pr3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Gd3+ and Dy3+) by solvent evaporation method. Crystal structure analysis shows that the above assemblies are isomorphism 3D frameworks via the outer-surface interaction of cucurbit[n]uril (OSIQ), where Q[5] can directly coordinate with rare-earth metal ions to obtain simple "Ln3+-Q[5]" molecular bowl. Each six molecular bowl could further construct a 3D frame structure with honeycomb-type channel structure, which is occupied by the structure-guiding agent [Co(H2O)6]2+ through H- bond. Meanwhile, the fluorescence sensing performance of the assembly 5 for amino acid was investigated, and the results showed that it could be used as a promising fluorescent sensor material to detect L-Tryptophan (L-Try). © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Rare earth elements

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Date: 07/01/2022 Eggs as a Proxy of Understanding the Metabolism of Mercury in Bird Bodies

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Wang, Zhuhong Liao, Jing Guo, Xiaoling Li, Xue Huang, Longping Kwon, Sae Yun School of Public Health The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control Ministry of Education Guizhou Medical University Guiyang550025 China Division of Environmental Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology 77 Cheongam-Ro Nam Gu Pohang37673 Korea Republic of

Mercury pollution in birds has been widely reported, but the metabolism of Hg in bird bodies remains unclear. Measurement of Hg concentrations in bird tissues (muscles and organs) could provide insights into the metabolism of Hg in bird bodies, however, this approach is often invasive. To avoid invasive procedures, we conducted feeding experiments using chickens and used eggs as a proxy for understanding Hg metabolism in chicken bodies. For the control group, THg concentrations showed decreasing patterns in egg whites, egg yolks, and eggshells, consistent with the decreased levels of cysteine in whites, egg yolks, and eggshells. For the Hg feeding group (0.3 mg/kg body weight, feeding once), Hg peaks were observed in egg yolks and egg whites at different time periods, suggesting different response time to dietary Hg in chicken body tissues. Mercury in egg yolks peaked at Day 6, suggesting their quick response to dietary Hg. Egg whites reached Hg peak at Day 20, exhibiting a slower response to dietary Hg. Eggshells did not show a Hg peak, perhaps due to their predominant inorganic components that do not trigger Hg bioaccumulation. We measured THg yolk /THg white ratios in various chicken eggs purchased from three areas in Guizhou, SW China. The THg yolk /THg white ratios for Huaxi, Hezhang and Wuchuan were 0.54 (0.34 to 1.19), 2.57 (1.74 to 6.11) and 0.93 (0.61 to 1.68), respectively. To suggesting different exposure history for chickens. This study provides new insights into the metabolism and lifetime of Hg in bird bodies. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Metabolism

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Eggs as a Proxy of Understanding the Metabolism of Mercury in Bird Bodies

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Wang, Zhuhong Liao, Jing Guo, Xiaoling Kwon, Sae Yun School of Public Health The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control Ministry of Education Guizhou Medical University Guiyang550025 China Division of Environmental Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology 77 Cheongam-Ro Nam Gu Pohang37673 Korea Republic of

Mercury pollution in birds has been widely reported, but the metabolism of Hg in bird bodies remains unclear. Measurement of Hg concentrations in bird tissues (muscles, feathers, organs) could provide insights into the metabolism of Hg in bird bodies, however, this approach is often invasive. To avoid invasive procedures, we conducted feeding experiments using chickens and used eggs as a proxy for understanding Hg metabolism in chicken bodies. For the control group, THg concentrations show decreasing patterns in egg whites, egg yolks, and eggshells, consistent with the decreased levels of cysteine in whites, egg yolks, and eggshells. For the Hg feeding group (0.3 mg/kg body weight, feeding once), Hg peaks were observed in egg yolks and egg whites at different time periods, suggesting different response time to dietary Hg in chicken body tissues. Mercury in egg yolks peaked at day-6, suggesting their quick response to dietary Hg. Egg whites reached Hg peak at day-20, exhibiting a slower response to dietary Hg. Eggshells did not show a Hg peak, perhaps due to their predominant inorganic components that do not trigger Hg bioaccumulation. To verify whether THg yolk /THg white ratios can be used as an indicator for Hg exposure history for birds, we measured THg yolk /THg white ratios in various chicken eggs purchased from three areas in Guizhou, SW China. The THg yolk /THg white ratios for Huaxi, Hezhang and Wuchuan were 0.54 (0.34 to 1.19), 2.57 (1.74 to 6.11) and 0.93 (0.61 to 1.68), respectively. This study provides new insights into the metabolism and lifetime of Hg in bird bodies. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Metabolism

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Current or power matching? A third option for monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cells

Current or power matching? A third option for monolithic all...

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IEEE Conference on Photovoltaic Specialists

作者： Yuan Gao Renxing Lin Ke Xiao Xin Luo Jin Wen Xu Yue Hairen Tan Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA United States National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Nanjing China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Sci Nanjing China

ISBN: (数字)9781728161174

ISBN: (纸本)9781728161181

Multijunction solar cells offer high potential to improve the efficiency beyond the single-junction limit. The record power conversion efficiency of monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cells (26.4%) has now surpassed that of the single-junction counterparts (25.7%). The two-terminal tandem architectures, in most cases, require a “matched” current between the top and bottom subcells for an optimal tandem performance. In some cases, where the two subcells have distinct fill factors, a “power matching” strategy shows better performance than “current matching”. In this study, we prove that optimal performance of monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cells is obtained when the top subcell has a higher short-circuit current than the bottom one. This is attributed to both optical and electrical properties of the all-perovskite tandem cells. We also investigate the optimal tandem configurations under real-world conditions, where solar spectra, angle of incidence, and cell temperature are different from the standard test conditions. We find that the top subcell shifts to thinner optimal thickness under blue-rich solar spectra. We also observe that the bottom subcell shifts to thicker optimal thickness due to larger angle of incidence under real-world conditions. Since two perovskite subcells have similar temperature coefficients, the real-world cell temperatures have little impact the optimal tandem configurations, but will affect the annual energy yield. We further obtain the real-world optimized tandem configurations, which can increase the annual energy yield compared with the one optimized under standard test conditions. The current-mismatching losses under real-world conditions can be reduced by optimized configurations, and even be turned into energy gains in certain cases. This finding enhances the confidence in promoting high-efficient, customizable tandem solar cells for different regions and installation methods.

关键词： Photovoltaic cells Laboratories Standards Temperature Technological innovation Short-circuit currents Power conversion

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Number and nest-site selection of breeding black-necked cranes over the past 40 years in the Longbao Wetland Nature Reserve,Qinghai,China

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Big Earth Data 2021年第2期5卷 217-236页

作者： Qiufang Wei Yun Shao Chou Xie Baoshan Cui Bangsen Tian Brian Brisco Kun Li Wenjia Tang Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Microwave Target Characteristic Measurement and Remote Sensing China Science and Technology Satellite Application Deqing Research InstituteHuzhouChina School of Environment State Key Laboratory Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Canada Centre for Remote Sensing Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth ObservationNatural Resources CanadaOttawaCanada Qinghai Ecoenvironment Monitoring Center XiningChina

Black-necked crane(Grus nigricollis,BNC),facing serious threats from human activities and habitat variations,is an endangered species classified as vulnerable under the revised IUCN Red *** this article,we investigated and analyzed the population and nesting microhabitat of BNCs in the Longbao National Nature Reserve(NNR)from 1978 to 2016,and found the number of BNCs increased from 24 in 1978 to 216 in *** establishment of the Longbao NNR represented the activities of protecting endangered animal species are ***,the land cover classification results of Landsat images showed that the marsh wetland,which was the BNC’s primary habitat,decreased during 1978–2016,while artificial buildings increased,which affected the habitat of *** increase in average temperature over the past 40 years has also had an impact on the number of *** preferred to nest in marsh wetlands or on islands with open water or star-like distributions through *** results of the principal component analysis showed that the nearest distance between nests and habitat type were the primary factors influencing nesting site *** protect BNC,we suggest decreasing wetland fragmentation,reducing habitat degradation and providing an undisturbed habitat.

关键词： Black-necked crane Longbao wetland number nest site selection climate change human activities

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Changes in air pollutants during the COVID-19 lockdown in Beijing:Insights from a machine-learning technique and implications for future control policy

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2021年第4期14卷 63-69页

作者： Jiabao Hu Yuepeng Pan Yuexin He Xiyuan Chi Qianqian Zhang Tao Song Weishou Shen Collaborative Innovation Centre of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution ControlSchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjingChina State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry(LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina National Meteorological Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijingChina National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijingChina

The COVID-19 lockdowns led to abrupt reductions in human-related emissions worldwide and had an unintended impact on air quality ***,quantifying this impact is difficult as meteorological conditions may mask the real effect of changes in emissions on the observed concentrations of *** on the air quality and meteorological data at 35 sites in Beijing from 2015 to 2020,a machine learning technique was applied to decouple the impacts of meteorology and emissions on the concentrations of air *** results showed that the real(“deweathered”)concentrations of air pollutants(expect for O 3)dropped significantly due to lockdown *** with the scenario without lockdowns(predicted concentrations),the observed values of PM_(2.5),PM_(10),SO_(2),NO_(2),and CO during lockdowns decreased by 39.4%,50.1%,51.8%,43.1%,and 35.1%,*** addition,a significant decline for NO_(2)and CO was found at the background sites(51%and 37.8%)rather than the traffic sites(37.1%and 35.5%),which is different from the common *** the primary emissions reduced during the lockdown period,episodic haze events still occurred due to unfavorable meteorological ***,developing an optimized strategy to tackle air pollution in Beijing is essential in the future.

关键词： Random forest model Air pollutants Meteorological normalization COVID-19 Emission control strategy

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