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Reactive Organic Gases from Vehicle Evaporative Emissions: Rates, Compositions, and Temperature Effects

Environmental science & technology 2025年第22期59卷 2025 Jun 2页

作者： Jun Lu Yaqin Gao Dandan Huang Sheng'ao Jing Hongli Wang Yingjie Li Xiang Ding Qingyao Hu Guangli Xiu Mingyue Lin Wei Zhang Cheng Huang Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants School of Resources & Environmental Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China. Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex Ministry of Ecology and Environment Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences Shanghai 200233 China. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes Shanghai 200237 China. Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center Shanghai 200235 China.

This study quantifies evaporative volatile organic compound emissions from China 3 to China 6 standard vehicles using a variable temperature sealed housing evaporative determination system. Total hydrocarbon (THC) emission factors during diurnal breathing losses (DBL) exhibited distinct temporal trends: the averages were 0.58, 0.87, 0.40, and 0.18 g·day for DBL day 1 (0-24 h) escalating to 2.97, 2.88, 0.41, and 0.21 g·day for DBL day 2 (24-48 h) across emission standards. Proton Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry identified 197 reactive organic gases (ROGs), with oxygenated and nitrogen-containing compounds contributing 20% ± 11%, 18% ± 9%, and 13% ± 9% to hot soak losses, DBL day 1, and DBL day 2, respectively. Alkanes, alkenes, aromatics, and carbonyls/ketones dominated ROG emissions (44%-99% combined). The emission composition shifted significantly across high-, normal-, and low-emitting vehicles: traditional hydrocarbons decreased progressively, while carbonyls/ketones increased, attenuating hydroxyl radical reactivity (OHR) reduction. Temperature-dependent experiments revealed proportional increases in THC and key ROG emissions per unit temperature increase, well-characterized by exponential functions. controlling evaporative emissions by regulating oxygenated species and adopting near-zero emission vehicles reduces aerosol/ozone formation, while reactive carbonyl/ketone shifts in modern fleets highlight evolving atmospheric impacts, requiring tailored control strategies.

关键词： emission factor evaporation gasoline vehicle emissions hydroxyl radical reactivity (OHR) reactive organic compounds (ROGs)

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Spatial distribution, influencing factors, and environmental risk assessments of mercury in surface soils over Xinjiang, northwestern China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年

作者： Zhengzheng Yang Shiwei Sun Xiwen Miao Shichang Kang Pengfei Chen Dipesh Rupakheti Zhaofu Hu Junming Guo Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 China

Since scarce knowledge of soil mercury (Hg) concentrations and risks in the vulnerable Xinjiang, topsoils (0–15 cm) from its typical landscapes were extensively sampled. Topsoil total mercury (THg) concentrations varied broadly between 0.9 and 35.3 ng/g, of which 16.8 % exceeded the background value of soil Hg for Xinjiang. Topsoil THg concentrations across various landscapes exhibited a declining order: farmland (11.7 ± 6.0 ng/g) > grassland (10.5 ± 8.5 ng/g) > woodland (10.2 ± 8.2 ng/g) > desert (7.0 ± 5.8 ng/g). The average topsoil THg concentration was higher in northwestern Xinjiang (11.3 ± 7.2 ng/g) than that in southeastern Xinjiang (6.3 ± 6.1 ng/g). Relatively high topsoil THg concentrations were observed near the cities with intensive human activities, followed by a gradual decline to the surroundings. The concentrations of topsoil THg were strongly correlated with the contents of total organic carbon (TOC), clay, silty, and sandy, and the distance from each sampling site to its nearest city, suggesting that the variation of topsoil Hg was significantly influenced by TOC content, soil granularity, and anthropogenic Hg emissions. Silty and TOC were the principal affecting factors, explaining 48.7 % and 7.9 % of the THg variation, respectively. The contamination and potential ecological risk evaluations revealed that topsoils in regions with dense populations were polluted with Hg and contained higher potential ecological risks. The health risk evaluations indicated that exposure risks of topsoil Hg were higher for children than those for adults. Fortunately, topsoil Hg posed acceptable risks to human health.

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Regional pollution source apportionment and emission thresholds determination in Zunyi's major watersheds: Implications for environmental management

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Environmental pollution 2025年 381卷

作者： Keke Zhao Yujin Gan Chen Li Xiao Guan Zhenbei Wang Fan Li Yatao Liu Fei Qi Xingcheng Zhu Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution College of Environmental Science and Engineering Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China Hebei Province Key Laboratory for Emerging Contaminant Remediation and Risk Prevention and Elimination Beijing Forestry University Xiong'an New Area Hebei 072350 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China Zunyi Environmental Protection Monitoring Center Station Zunyi 563000 China

Zunyi City, in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, faces significant pollution challenges in the Wujiang and Chishui watersheds. This study analyzed water quality changes from 2021 to 2023. To support current and future water environment management, pollutant emissions in 2022 were estimated, and major pollutants were traced during flood and non-flood seasons. Emission thresholds were established for districts and counties firstly, identifying key areas for pollution control. This research innovatively integrates urban non-point sources and forest soil erosion into emissions calculations and introduces pollution emissions threshold. Results indicate that agricultural non-point sources, particularly livestock farming and crop cultivation, are the dominant contributors to watershed pollution, while urban non-point sources play a comparatively minor role, for both two studied watersheds. Natural factors including drought and forest soil erosion also significantly influence pollution degree, particularly during flood seasons when increased erosion intensifies pollutant transport, which was especially pronounced for Chishui watershed. Methodologically, the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model demonstrated greater accuracy and reliability than the Absolute Principal Component Scores-Multiple Linear Regression (APCS-MLR) model in apportioning complex pollution sources, for both two studied watersheds. Based on pollution emissions and source apportionment, regional emission thresholds for COD, NH 3 -N, TN, and TP were proposed. The results reveal that COD emissions in Xishui, Huichuan, Bozhou, and Chishui exceeded their respective thresholds, with TN and TP also surpassing limits in some areas. In summary, this study provides a scientific basis for targeted water quality management in Zunyi City and validates the PMF model as a reliable tool for source apportionment in complex watershed environments.

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Comparative Study on Environmental Benefits of Using low-Sulphur Oil and Shore Power technology for Ship Berthing

Comparative Study on Environmental Benefits of Using low-Sul...

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2019国际科技创新学术交流大会

作者： Weijian He Rongchang Chen Tao Li Bing Hu Yujun Tian Weizhong Meng China Waterborne Transport Research Institute International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Waterborne Transport Pollution Preventing-and-Control & Major Accident Emergency Response Technology China COSCO Shipping Cooperation Limited State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University China COSCO Shipping Seafarer Management Co. Ltd.Qingdao Branch

In order to compare the environmental benefits of two emission reduction measures, i.e. using low-sulphur oil and shore power technology, this paper takes the ships arriving at Guangzhou port as an example, based on the ship data of entry and departure visa of Guangzhou port in 2015, and uses statistical analysis to determine the relationship between different ship types of diesel engines, ship berthing time and ship deadweight tonnage, and based on the use of low-sulphur oil and berthing using shore power air pollutants emission On the basis of emission factors and diesel engine load, the environmental benefits of the two emission reduction measures are calculated by the calculation model established by the dynamic method. The results show that:（1） in 2015, when ships berthing in Guangzhou port used low-sulphur oil with sulphur content of 0.5%, PM10, NOx, SOx and CO2 decreased by 231.6 t, 165.5 t, 2039.3 t and 0 t respectively, when using low-sulphur oil with sulphur content of 0.1%, PM10, NOX, SOx and CO2 decreased by 244.1 t, 517.1 t, 2382.7 t and 0 t respectively. when ships berthing in Guangzhou port used shore power, PM, NOx, SOx and CO2 decreased by 283.8 t, 2975.6 t, 2407.7 t and-3782.2 t respectively.（2） compared with the use of low sulphur oil, the use of shore power by berthing ships has a significant advantage in NOx emission reduction. In terms of particulate matter, SOX and CO2 emission reduction, there is no significant difference between the two measures.

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Development of efficient Ni-based catalysts for CO 2 methanation: Unraveling the impact of support properties on catalytic performance

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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2025年第3期13卷

作者： Xue Luo Xueying Wen Hui Yang Tianmin Lu Linshui Lian Cai-e Wu Zhen Cao Shuai Wang Leilei Xu Mindong Chen Collaborative Innovation Centre of the Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Nanjing 210044 China College of Light Industry and Food Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China College of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Chemistry Weifang University Weifang 261061 China Sinopec Jinan Company Jinan 250104 China School of Environment and Energy Engineering Anhui Jianzhu University Hefei 230009 China

It is widely recognized that the choice of support significantly influences the performance of Ni-based CO 2 methanation catalysts. This work systematically investigated how different supports affected catalytic properties, focusing on strong metal-support interactions, redox performance, and pore topology. To elucidate the impact of various supports on thermal decomposition behavior and reaction mechanisms, advanced techniques such as online-tandem TG-MS, in-situ DRIFTS, and online TPSR were employed to analyze the calcination of catalyst precursors and the CO 2 methanation process. The catalysts examined included Ni-based systems supported on metal oxides ( e.g. , MgO, γ-Al 2 O 3 , La 2 O 3 , CeO 2 ) and porous silica-based materials (e.g., SiO 2 , ZSM-5, MCM-41, SBA-15, KCC-1, NS-MFI). Results demonstrated that the support choice profoundly affected the activity and stability of Ni-based catalysts. Notably, Ni/CeO 2 and Ni/NS-MFI exhibited exceptional low-temperature catalytic performance. The superior activity of Ni/CeO 2 was attributed to abundant oxygen vacancies, high Ni dispersion, and excellent redox properties of CeO 2 , while Ni/NS-MFI's performance stemmed from the mesoporous confinement and microporous penetration effects of NS-MFI. Therefore, this work would provide valuable insights for the design and development of efficient Ni-based catalysts for CO 2 methanation.

关键词： Support effects Ni-based catalysts Reaction intermediates and mechanism Support effects Ni-based catalysts Low-temperature CO2 methanation In-situ and quasi-situ dynamic characterization techniques Reaction intermediates and mechanism

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The Physical Chemistry for the Self-assembly of Peptide Hydrogels

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2018年第3期36卷 366-378页

作者： Ying Li Yi Cao Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology School of Environmental Science and EngineeringJiangsu Engineering Technology Research Centre of Environmental Cleaning MaterialsJiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution ControlJiangsu Joint Laboratory of Atmaspheric Pollution ControlNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstrucures National Laboratony of Solid State MicrostrucureDepartment of PhysicsNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

Peptide hydrogels have been widely used for diverse biomedical applications. However, our current understanding of the physical principles underlying the self-assembly process is still limited. In this review, we summarize our current understanding on the physical chemistry principles from the basic interactions that drive the self-assembly process to the energy landscapes that dictate the thermodynamics and kinetics of the process. We discuss the effect of different factors that affect the kinetics of the self-assembly of peptide fibrils and how this is related to the macroscopic gelation process. We provide our understanding on the molecular origin of the complex and rugged energy landscape for the self-assembly of peptide hydrogels. The hierarchical self-assembled structures and the diverse self-assembling mechanism make it difficult and challenging to rationally design the physical and chemical properties of peptide hydrogels at the molecular revel. We also give our personal perspective to the potential future directions in this field.

关键词： Hydrogel Peptide Self-assembly Kinetics Thermodynamics

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Coordination and Supramolecular Assemblies from Alkali+-Cucurbituril-[CdCl_(4)]^(2-)Systems

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贵州大学学报（自然科学版） 2024年第6期41卷 26-33页

作者： ZHENG Yuanyuan LI Jie ZHANG Wenyu WU Taoran HUANG Lin CHEN Kai School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Nanjing 210044China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Nanjing 210044China

Thispaper has investigated the coordination and supramolecular assemblies of alkali metal ions,cucurbit[5]uril(Q[5]),and[CdCl_(4)]^(2-)to confirm whether[CdCl_(4)]^(2-)can produce the“honeycomb effect”,induce coordination of alkali metal ions to Q[5],and form linear coordination *** this work,the effect of alkali metal ions on the construction of Q[5]-Cd^(2+)ion system under acidic conditions was *** complexes were successfully obtained by solvent evaporation *** the five crystal structures obtained,it can be observed that the presence of[CdCl_(4)]^(2-)did not result in the complexation of alkali metal ions by the Q[5]***,a bowl-like Cd^(2+)@Q[5]complex was ***,[CdCl_(4)]^(2-)did not produce the honeycomb effect but led to the formation of Q[5]-based honeycomb frameworks with hexagonal cellsoccupied by[CdCl_(4)]^(2-).The experimental results show that cadmium ion showed stronger ability to coordinate to Q[5]in HCl solution.

关键词： alkali metal ion cucurbit[5]uril tetrachloridecadmium anion supramolecularassemblies

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Corrigendum to “Iron complexes of [2 + 2] and [6 + 6] Schiff-base macrocycles derived from 2,2′-oxydianiline and their applications” [Inorg. Chem. Commun. 139 (2022) 109376]

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Inorganic Chemistry Communications 2023年 153卷

作者： Kuiyuan Wang Kai Chen Jiajun Cai Carl Redshaw Department of Chemistry University of Hull Hull HU6 7RX UK Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 PR China MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 PR China

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Cover Feature: Single-Step Synthesis of Fe−Fe3O4Catalyst for Highly Efficient and Selective Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction (ChemSusChem 21/2022)

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ChemSusChem 2022年第21期15卷

作者： Hui-Qi Xie Dr. Xuan Zheng Qing-Yun Feng Dr. Xiao-Ping Chen Dr. Ze-Hua Zou Prof. Qing-Xiang Wang Prof. Jing Tang Dr. Yi Li Dr. Yun Ling Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Environment Minnan Normal University 363000 Zhangzhou P. R. China College of Chemistry Fuzhou University 350116 Fuzhou P. R. China

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Coarse particulate matter air quality in East Asia: implications for fine particulate nitrate

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Zhai, Shixian Jacob, Daniel J. Shah, Viral Yang, Laura Hyesung Zhang, Qiang Sun, Yele Wang, Shuxiao Luo, Gan Yu, Fangqun Woo, Jung-Hun Kim, Younha Kim, Hwajin Dibb, Jack E. Lee, Taehyoung Han, Jin-Seok Li, Ke Liao, Hong John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100029 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Atmospheric Sciences Research Center University at Albany AlbanyNY12226 United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Konkuk University Seoul05029 Korea Republic of Laxenburg 2361 Austria Department of Environmental Health Sciences Graduate School of Public Health Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and Space University of New Hampshire DurhamNH03824 United States Department of Environmental Science Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Yongin449791 Korea Republic of Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering Anyang University Anyang14028 Korea Republic of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044 China

Air quality network data in China and South Korea show very high year-round mass concentrations of coarse particulate matter (PM) between 2.5 μm and 10 μm aerodynamic diameter, as inferred by the difference between PM10 and PM2.5 observations. This coarse PM averages 47 μg m-3 in the North China Plain (NCP) region in 2015-2019 and 21 μg m-3 in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA). It is dominantly contributed by urban fugitive dust, rather than by natural dust as is often presumed. Concentrations decreased by 21% from 2015 to 2019 and further dropped abruptly in 2020 due to COVID-19 reductions in construction and vehicle traffic. This anthropogenic coarse PM is generally not included in air quality models but acts as a sink of nitric acid (HNO3), thus affecting fine particulate nitrate which is a major air quality concern in China and South Korea. GEOS-Chem model simulation of surface and aircraft observations from the KORUS-AQ campaign over the SMA in May-June 2016 shows that consideration of anthropogenic coarse PM largely resolves the previous model overestimate of PM1 nitrate. Anthropogenic coarse PM in the model increases the sensitivity of PM2.5 nitrate to ammonia (NH3) emission in winter. In summer, anthropogenic coarse PM directly affects PM2.5 nitrate by HNO3 uptake, and we find that the decrease of anthropogenic coarse PM over 2015-2019 offset the PM2.5 nitrate reductions expected from decreasing NOx and NH3 emissions. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nitrates

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