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Evaluating Heavy Metals Contamination in Campus Dust in Wuhan, the University Cluster in Central China: Distribution and Potential Human Health Risk Analysis

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Research Square

Research Square 2021年

作者： Liu, Shan Zhang, Xihao Zhan, Changlin Zhang, Jiaquan Xu, Jun Wang, Anglv Zhang, Huidi Xu, Jiangyan Guo, Jianlin Liu, Xianli Xing, Xinli Cao, Junji Xiao, Yulun School of Environmental Science and Engineering Hubei Polytechnic University Huangshi435003 China Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Hubei Polytechnic University Huangshi435003 China School of Resource and Environmental Engineering Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan430081 China Huangshi Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center Department of Ecology Environment of Hubei Province Hubei Huangshi435000 China School of Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences Wuhan430074 China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100029 China

The potential health risk of heavy metals (HMs) in campus dust may threaten the health of thousands of students, teachers, and their families in Wuhan, the university cluster in Central China every day. In this research, the pollution characteristics and health risk with HMs was the first time presented in campus dust from the canteen, playground, dormitory, and school gate to date. The average HMs concentration in campus dusts ranked Pb (83.5 mg kg-1) > Cu (70.2 mg kg-1) > Zn (47.2 mg kg-1) >Cr (46.0 mg kg-1) > Ni (22.7 mg kg-1) > As (15.2 mg kg-1) > Cd (3.38 mg kg-1). The HMs would more likely to accumulate in dormitory dust and canteen dust. In the downtown area, Zn, As, and Cd had been preliminarily identified from fossil fuel combustion and natural geochemical processes. Cu and Pb would source from cooking and traffic transportation. Ni and Cr would likely reflect the contributions of natural soil weathering. Although, no significant non-carcinogenic health risks were found to students or teachers from campus dust. Their children would more likely to exposure health risks when eating in the canteen, playing on the playground, or walking around the school gate. While the incremental lifetime cancer risk values revealed respiratory intake of HMs does not pose a carcinogenic risk on the campus. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Risk assessment

Haze Caused by NoX Oxidation Under Restricted Residential and Industrial Activities in a Mega City in the South of North China Plain

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Ma, Qingxia Wang, Weisi Wu, Yunfei Wang, Fang Song, Xiaoyan Zhang, Renjian Zhang, Daizhou Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions Ministry of Education College of Environment and Planning Henan University Kaifeng475004 China Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security Kaifeng475004 China Henan Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center Zhengzhou450000 China Beijing100029 China China West Normal University Nanchong637000 China College of Geosciences and Engineering North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power Henan Zhengzhou450046 China Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences Prefectural University of Kumamoto Kumamoto862-8502 Japan

The formation of secondary aerosol species, including nitrate and sulfate, induces severe haze in the North China Plain. However, despite substantial reductions in anthropogenic pollutants due to severe restriction of residential and industrial activities in 2020 to stop the spread of COVID-19, haze still formed in Zhengzhou. We compared ionic compositions of PM2.5 during the period of the restriction with that immediately before the restriction and in the comparison period in 2019 to investigate the processes that cause haze. The average concentration of PM2.5 was 83.9 μg m−3 in the restriction period, 241.8 mg m−3 before the restriction, and 94.0 mg m−3 in 2019. Nitrate was the largest contributor to the PM2.5 in all periods, with an average mass fraction of 24.4%–29.9%. The average molar concentration of total nitrogen compounds (NOx + nitrate) was 0.89 mmol m−3 in the restriction period, which was much lower than 1.85–2.74 mmol m−3 in the non-restriction periods. In contrast, the concentrations of sulfur compounds (SO2 + sulfate) were 0.43–0.47 mmol m−3 in all periods. The conversion rate of NOx to nitrate (NOR) was 0.35 in the restriction period, significantly higher than that before the restriction (0.26) and in 2019 (0.25). NOR increased with relative humidity much faster in the restriction period than in the other two periods, whereas the conversion rate of SO2 to sulfate did not, indicating nitrate formation was more efficient during the restriction. When O3 occupied more than half of the oxidants (Ox = O3 + NO2), NOR increased rapidly with the ratio of O3 to Ox and was much higher in the daytime than nighttime. Therefore, haze in the restriction period was caused by increased NOx-to-nitrate conversion driven by photochemical reactions. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sulfur compounds

Unexpected Trade-Offs of Fossil Fuel Reduction on PM2.5and O3pollution Regulation Can Be Offset by Synergistic control of VOCs Source

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ACS ES&T Air

ACS ES&T Air 2024年第7期1卷 660-669页

作者： Guoliang Shi Haofei Yu Jie Li Zhang Zhang Feng Wang Junbo Huang Yue Li Yulong Yan Yinchang Feng Armistead G. Russell State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300350 People’s Republic of China China Meteorological Administration-Nankai University (CMA-NKU) Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China Department of Civil Environmental and Construction Engineering University of Central Florida Orlando Florida 32816 United States School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384 China College of Computer Science Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China School of Environment Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044 China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332-0512 United States

Particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) are typical air pollutants that require effective simultaneous control. Current PM2.5and O3co-mitigation strategies are primarily focused on the emission optimization of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs); however, fundamental mechanisms underlying these co-mitigation efforts remain largely unanswered. Here, utilizing an atmospheric chemistry model combined with machine learning technique, we extend the scope of coordinated control efforts beyond just precursors by identifying and controlling common sources of PM2.5and O3, which are fossil fuel combustion sources including coal combustion, industrial emission, and vehicle exhausts. We conducted further sensitivity simulations and found that reducing fossil fuel combustion emissions significantly lowers PM2.5levels but has trade-off effects on O3control, which is attributable to the suppressed aerosol sink of hydroperoxyl radicals and the enhanced atmospheric oxidizing capacity. Furthermore, this unexpected enhancement of O3can be offset by synergistically controlling certain other specific VOCs sources. For example, during days with high levels of both PM2.5and O3pollution, a 40% reduction of VOCs sources at the corresponding level of coal combustion reduction is predicted to lead to an ∼13 ppb (∼14%) reduction in O3concentration. Our results provide the scientific evidence and theoretical framework for mitigating PM2.5and O3pollution through joint control of fossil fuel combustion sources and specific VOCs sources.

关键词： Environmental pollution Fossil fuels Particulate matter Redox reactions Volatile organic compounds

Effective and Low-Toxicity: A Membrane Cleaning Method Using Peroxymonosulfate Catalytic Chlorination

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Xiao, Haoliang Chen, Zhuqi Ding, Jiaqi Zhang, Ning Ye, Zhimin Xiao, Zhonghua Wang, Songlin Xie, Pengchao Chen, Yongsheng Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety and Pollution Control Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Yangtze River Basin Ecological Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center Yangtze River Basin Ecological Environment Supervision and Administration Bureau Ministry of Ecological Environment Wuhan430010 China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States Hubei Industrial Construction Group Co. Ltd Wuhan430076 China

In this study, the combined system of peroxymonosulfate and chloride (PMS/Cl−) was applied to chemically clean the irreversible humic acid-fouled polyethersulfone (PES) membranes. A 94% flux recovery and 96% resistance removal of the fouled membrane were reached after soaking for an hour in PMS/Cl− solution (10 mM/15 mM) at 25 oC under neutral conditions. The almost constant surface properties of virgin and cleaned membranes by characterization indicate the PMS/Cl− process can effectively remove irreversible foulants with minimal impact on membrane. The stability and durability of PMS/Cl− cleaned membranes were demonstrated by monitoring their separation performance and cleaning efficiency across multiple cycles. Diminution of the peaks centered in the region of fulvic-like and humic-like components, monitored under 3D-fluorescence, demonstrated that structural changes in hydrophobic substances dominated the foulant detachment. The presence of the PMS-catalyzed chlorination of the foulants was confirmed after detecting PMS and hypochlorous acid (HClO) concentrations in the combined system. Furthermore, lower toxicity was observed with the PMS/Cl− method compared to hypochlorite alone, as evidenced by monitoring halogenated by-product formation and acute toxicity. Overall, the novel chemical cleaning system exhibits promising prospects for the environmentally friendly removal of irreversible organic foulants in the practical water treatment process. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Chemical cleaning

Effective and Low-Toxicity: A Membrane Cleaning Method Using Peroxymonosulfate Catalytic Chlorination

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SSRN 2023年

In this study, the combined system of peroxymonosulfate and chloride (PMS/Cl−) was applied to chemically clean the irreversible humic acid-fouled polyethersulfone (PES) membranes. A 94% flux recovery and 96% resistance removal of the fouled membrane were reached after soaking for an hour in PMS/Cl− solution (10 mM/15 mM) at 25 oC under neutral conditions. The almost constant surface properties of virgin and cleaned membranes by characterization indicate that the PMS/Cl− process can effectively remove irreversible foulants with minimal impact on membrane materials. Diminution of the peaks centered in the region of fulvic-like and humic-like components, monitored under 3D-fluorescence for the cleaning solution, demonstrated that structural changes in hydrophobic substances dominated the foulant detachment. The presence of the PMS-catalyzed chlorination of the foulants in the cleaning process was confirmed after detecting PMS and hypochlorous acid (HClO) concentrations in the combined system. Furthermore, lower toxicity was observed with the PMS/Cl− method compared to hypochlorite alone, as evidenced by monitoring halogenated by-product formation and acute toxicity to Photobacterium phosphoreum T3. Overall, the novel chemical cleaning system exhibits promising prospects for the efficient and environmentally friendly removal of irreversible organic foulants in the practical water treatment process. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Membrane fouling

Evaluation of low emission zone policy on vehicle emission reduction in Beijing, China

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2018年第5期121卷

作者： Yi Zhang Michel Andre Yao Liu Lin Wu Boyu Jing Hongjun Mao College of Environmental Science & Engineering Nankai University (NKU) Tianjin China Centre for Urban Transport Emission Research Nankai University (NKU) Tianjin China Transport and Environment Laboratory French institute of science and technology for transport spatial planning development and networks (IFSTTAR) Lyon France State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Odor Pollution Control Tianjin China.

This study evaluates the effect of the LEZ in Beijing from the perspective of vehicle emission reduction based on developing an urban street-scale vehicle emission inventory on the basis of the local emission factors and the dynamic or static traffic data via a bottom-up approach. In 2016, before the implementation of the LEZ, the vehicle emission of CO, HC, NOx, and PM were 49.01×104, 6.31×104, 5.96×104, and 0.12×104 t, respectively. According to the simulation results, the LEZ policy would have an obviously positive effect on emission reduction, especially for CO and HC. In order to realize the long-term mitigation target, it is necessary to update and amend the detailed terms of the LEZ policy regularly according to the traffic development and vehicle emission change.

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Theoretical Study of Effect of the Number of N,N-dimethyl-4-nitroaniline Units in Novel “Parallel Connection” Chromophores on Its Nonlinear Optical Properties

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International Scholarly Research Notices 2011年第1期2012卷

作者： Chao-Zhi Zhang Hui Cao Zhao-Bing Guo Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control School of Environmental Science & Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 *** Department of Theoretical Chemistry School of Biotechnology Royal Institute of Technology 106 91 Stockholm Swedenkth.se

Design of “parallel connection” chromophores could give a way of acquiring effective chromophores. The semiempirical method ZINDO was employed to study relationship between static first hyperpolarizabilities of “parallel connection” chromophores and the number of parallel nonconjugated N,N-dimethyl-4-nitroaniline (DMNA) units in the chromophore. The results show that the chromophore containing three parallel non-conjugated DMNA units exhibits the highest static first hyperpolarizability, which is 1.8 times that of chromophore DMNA. However, static first hyperpolarizabilities of the chromophores containing four or five DMNA units are very small. The absorption maximum wavelength ( λ max ) of “parallel connection” chromophores is remarkably shorter (34.9 nm–38.1 nm) than that of 1DMNA . Therefore, the “parallel connection” chromophore containing three DMNA units would be an effective chromophore with a large first hyperpolarizability and a good optical transparency. It could give a useful suggestion for designing effective chromophores containing parallel non-conjugated D- π -A units.

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Influences of Synoptic Circulations on Regional transport, Accumulation And Chemical Transformation for Pm2.5 Heavy pollution Over Twain-Hu Basin, Central China

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Yao, Jingyan Bai, Yongqing Zhao, Tianliang Zhu, Yan Sun, Xiaoyun Tan, Chenghao Xiong, Jie Luo, Yuehan Hu, Weiyang Yang, Tong Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044 China Hubei Key Laboratory for Heavy Rain Monitoring and Warning Research Institute of Heavy Rain China Meteorological Administration Wuhan430205 China Hubei Meteorological Service Center Wuhan430205 China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Science and Satellite Remote Sensing Anhui Institute of Meteorological Sciences Hefei230031 China State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou510640 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Rd Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China

The Twain-Hu Basin (THB), located in Central China, serves as a key juncture where the northerly "polluted" airflows of the East Asian winter monsoon meet the southerly warm and humid airflows. Using the T-PCA objective synoptic pattern classification, FLEXPART-WRF, and Random Forest model, we investigate the influences of synoptic circulations on regional transport, local accumulation, and chemical transformation of PM2.5 during heavy air pollution over the THB in January of 2015-2022. The results show that the transport-type synoptic pattern accounts for 65.16% of heavy PM2.5 pollution, indicating that regional transport of PM2.5 dominates the THB’s heavy air pollution. The PM2.5/CO ratio is higher in the transport-type pattern and positively correlated with PM2.5 concentrations, reflecting a higher efficiency of chemical transformation to secondary PM2.5 in transport-type pollution compared with the accumulation-type pollution. transport-type heavy PM2.5 pollution is predominantly influenced by upstream anomalous northerly and easterly airflows at the bottom of the high-pressure system, converging with the southern wind in the receptor area over the THB. Accumulation-type heavy pollution exhibits weak wind anomalies in central and eastern China under the control of a uniform pressure field. Furthermore, thermally-induced vertical circulations with sinking airflows in the middle and lower troposphere suppress the vertical air pollutant dispersions. The relative contributions of atmospheric factors for transport-type PM2.5 heavy pollution events are 38.0% for dynamical driver, 26.8% for thermal driver, and 35.1% for chemical transformation, while in accumulation-type, the contribution rates are 33.9%, 36.3%, and 29.7%, respectively. This study elucidates the influences of synoptic patterns on regional transport, local accumulation, and chemical transformation of PM2.5 for heavy air pollution, with implications for understanding changes of air quality in the recepto

关键词： Atmospheric movements

Artificial intelligence for geoscience:Progress,challenges,and perspectives

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The Innovation 2024年第5期5卷 136-160,135页

作者： Tianjie Zhao Sheng Wang Chaojun Ouyang Min Chen Chenying Liu Jin Zhang Long Yu Fei Wang Yong Xie Jun Li Fang Wang Sabine Grunwald Bryan MWong Fan Zhang Zhen Qian Yongjun Xu Chengqing Yu Wei Han Tao Sun Zezhi Shao Tangwen Qian Zhao Chen Jiangyuan Zeng Huai Zhang Husi Letu Bing Zhang Li Wang Lei Luo Chong Shi Hongjun Su Hongsheng Zhang Shuai Yin Ni Huang Wei Zhao Nan Li Chaolei Zheng Yang Zhou Changping Huang Defeng Feng Qingsong Xu Yan Wu Danfeng Hong Zhenyu Wang Yinyi Lin Tangtang Zhang Prashant Kumar Antonio Plaza Jocelyn Chanussot Jiabao Zhang Jiancheng Shi Lizhe Wang Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China School of Computer Science China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Resilience Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment(Ministry of Education of PRC) Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Data Science in Earth Observation Technical University of Munich80333 MunichGermany The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention Yangtze Institute for Conservation and DevelopmentHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Geographical Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Soil Water and Ecosystem Sciences DepartmentUniversity of FloridaPO Box 110290GainesvilleFLUSA Materials Science Engineering Program Cooperating Faculty Member in the Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics Astronomy University of CaliforniaCaliforniaRiversideCA 92521USA Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals Beijing 100094China College of Geography and Remote Sensing Hohai UniversityNanjing 211100China Department of Geography The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077SARChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Nanjing 210044China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Collaborative Inno

This paper explores the evolution of geoscientific inquiry,tracing the progression from traditional physics-based models to modern data-driven approaches facilitated by significant advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)and data collection *** models,which are grounded in physical and numerical frameworks,provide robust explanations by explicitly reconstructing underlying physical ***,their limitations in comprehensively capturing Earth’s complexities and uncertainties pose challenges in optimization and real-world *** contrast,contemporary data-driven models,particularly those utilizing machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL),leverage extensive geoscience data to glean insights without requiring exhaustive theoretical *** techniques have shown promise in addressing Earth science-related ***,challenges such as data scarcity,computational demands,data privacy concerns,and the“black-box”nature of AI models hinder their seamless integration into *** integration of physics-based and data-driven methodologies into hybrid models presents an alternative *** models,which incorporate domain knowledge to guide AI methodologies,demonstrate enhanced efficiency and performance with reduced training data *** review provides a comprehensive overview of geoscientific research paradigms,emphasizing untapped opportunities at the intersection of advanced AI techniques and *** examines major methodologies,showcases advances in large-scale models,and discusses the challenges and prospects that will shape the future landscape of AI in *** paper outlines a dynamic field ripe with possibilities,poised to unlock new understandings of Earth’s complexities and further advance geoscience exploration.

关键词： Earth utilizing landscape