Flood is one of the disasters that have a big impact in Indonesia. Flooding can affect social, economic, agricultural aspects, etc. Flood disaster is a difficult thing to avoid, the best approach is to reduce the impa...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538656945;9781538656938
Flood is one of the disasters that have a big impact in Indonesia. Flooding can affect social, economic, agricultural aspects, etc. Flood disaster is a difficult thing to avoid, the best approach is to reduce the impact caused. Research on flood mitigation began to move to an artificial intelligence approach to providing information on early warning systems (EWS). EWS is a series of systems that function to inform of the occurrence of natural events in the form of floods that will notify the disaster-related floods that will occur. This research will build an intelligent system for building the EWS system. A smart AWS certainly requires various sensors to collect data for later analysis. One of the most important sensors to the construction of the EWS system is the automatic water level recorder (AWLR) sensor. In this paper will specifically discuss the design stages of the AWLR in conducting water level monitoring at the water-gate dam. The function of AWLR sensor is for monitoring and recording in a database with real-time sensing. The results of this research show that the low-cost AWLR sensor has reduced processing time by 92.7% compared to conventional data processing.
In 2023, La Niña conditions that generally prevailed in the eastern Pacific Ocean from mid-2020 into early 2023 gave way to a strong El Niño by October. Atmospheric concentrations of Earth’s major greenhous...
In 2023, La Niña conditions that generally prevailed in the eastern Pacific Ocean from mid-2020 into early 2023 gave way to a strong El Niño by October. Atmospheric concentrations of Earth’s major greenhouse gases—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—all increased to record-high levels. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere rose to 419.3±0.1 ppm, which is 50% greater than the pre-industrial level. The growth from 2022 to 2023 was 2.8 ppm, the fourth highest in the record since the 1960s. The combined short-term effects of El Niño and the long-term effects of increasing levels of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere contributed to new records for many essential climate variables reported here. The annual global temperature across land and oceans was the highest in records dating as far back as 1850, with the last seven months (June–December) having each been record warm. Over land, the globally averaged temperature was also record high. Dozens of countries reported record or near-record warmth for the year, including China and continental Europe as a whole (warmest on record), India and Russia (second warmest), and Canada (third warmest). Intense and widespread heatwaves were reported around the world. In Vietnam, an all-time national maximum temperature record of 44.2°C was observed at Tuong Duong on 7 May, surpassing the previous record of 43.4°C at Huong Khe on 20 April 2019. In Brazil, the air temperature reached 44.8°C in Araçuaí in Minas Gerais on 20 November, potentially a new national record and 12.8°C above normal. The effect of rising temperatures was apparent in the cryosphere, where snow cover extent by June 2023 was the smallest in the 56-year record for North America and seventh smallest for the Northern Hemisphere overall. Heatwaves contributed to the greatest average mass balance loss for Alpine glaciers around the world since the start of the record in 1970. Due to rapid volume loss beginning in 2021, St. A
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