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A novel Skin lesion prediction and classification technique: ViT-GradCAM

Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) 2024年第9期30卷 e70040页

作者： Muhammad Shafiq Kapil Aggarwal Jagannathan Jayachandran Gayathri Srinivasan Rajasekhar Boddu Adugna Alemayehu School of Information Engineering Qujing Normal University Qujing China. Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensor and System Design College of Information Engineering Qujing Normal University Qujing China. Department of CSE Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Vaddeswaram Andhra Pradesh India. Department of Software and Systems Engineering School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Katpadi Vellore India. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India. Department of AIML Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology Bachupally Hyderabad India. Lecturer in Software Engineering Wachemo University Hosaina Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND:Skin cancer is one of the highly occurring diseases in human life. Early detection and treatment are the prime and necessary points to reduce the malignancy of infections. Deep learning techniques are supplementary tools to assist clinical experts in detecting and localizing skin lesions. Vision transformers (ViT) based on image segmentation classification using multiple classes provide fairly accurate detection and are gaining more popularity due to legitimate multiclass prediction capabilities. MATERIALS AND METHODS:In this research, we propose a new ViT Gradient-Weighted Class Activation Mapping (GradCAM) based architecture named ViT-GradCAM for detecting and classifying skin lesions by spreading ratio on the lesion's surface area. The proposed system is trained and validated using a HAM 10000 dataset by studying seven skin lesions. The database comprises 10 015 dermatoscopic images of varied sizes. The data preprocessing and data augmentation techniques are applied to overcome the class imbalance issues and improve the model's performance. RESULT:The proposed algorithm is based on ViT models that classify the dermatoscopic images into seven classes with an accuracy of 97.28%, precision of 98.51, recall of 95.2%, and an F1 score of 94.6, respectively. The proposed ViT-GradCAM obtains better and more accurate detection and classification than other state-of-the-art deep learning-based skin lesion detection models. The architecture of ViT-GradCAM is extensively visualized to highlight the actual pixels in essential regions associated with skin-specific pathologies. CONCLUSION:This research proposes an alternate solution to overcome the challenges of detecting and classifying skin lesions using ViTs and GradCAM, which play a significant role in detecting and classifying skin lesions accurately rather than relying solely on deep learning models.

关键词： Grad‐CAM Multi‐Headed Self attention (MSA) linear patch projection multilayer perceptron (MLP) skin lesion transformer encoder vision transformer (ViT)

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Machine Knowledge and Human Cognition

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Big Data Mining and Analytics 2020年第4期3卷 292-299页

作者： Fashen Li Lian Li Jianping Yin Liang Huang Qingguo Zhou Ning An Yong Zhang Li Liu Jialin Zhang Kun Kuang Lei Yang Zhixi Wu Lianchun Yu the School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China the School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China the School of Cyber Science and Engineering Dongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523808China the Institute of Computational Physics and Complex Systems Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China the School of Information Science and Engineering Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China the School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230601China the Department of Physics Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China the School of Big Data&Software Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China the Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China the College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310000China the Institute ofModern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

Intelligent machines are knowledge systems with unique knowledge structure and *** this paper,we discuss issues including the characteristics and forms of machine knowledge,the relationship between knowledge and human cognition,and the approach to acquire machine *** issues are of great significance to the development of artificial intelligence.

关键词： intelligent machine machine knowledge human cognition knowledge interpretation principle of functional similarity Probable Approximative Correction(PAC)model

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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Toward trustworthy human suspicious activity detection from surveillance videos using deep learning

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Soft Computing 2023年第2期28卷 467-467页

作者： Buttar, Ahmed Mateen Bano, Mahnoor Akbar, Muhammad Azeem Alabrah, Amerah Gumaei, Abdu H. Department of Computer Science University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan Software Engineering Department LUT University Lappeenranta Finland Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computer Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj Saudi Arabia

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Vertical Federated Learning: Challenges, Methodologies and Experiments

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wei, Kang Li, Jun Ma, Chuan Ding, Ming Wei, Sha Wu, Fan Chen, Guihai Ranbaduge, Thilina School of Electrical and Optical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China Ministry of Education China Data61 CSIRO SydneyNSW2015 Australia Beijing100191 China The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Scalable Computing and Systems Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China The State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China

Recently, federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising distributed machine learning (ML) technology, owing to the advancing computational and sensing capacities of end-user devices, as well as the increasing concerns on users' privacy. As a special architecture in FL, vertical FL (VFL) is capable of constructing a hyper ML model by embracing sub-models from different types of clients. These sub-models are trained locally by vertically partitioned data with distinct attributes. Therefore, the design of VFL is fundamentally different from that of conventional FL, raising new and unique research issues. In this paper, we aim to discuss key challenges in VFL with effective solutions, and conduct experiments on real-life datasets to shed light on these issues. Specifically, we first propose a general framework on VFL, and highlight the key differences between VFL and conventional FL. Then, we discuss research challenges rooted in VFL systems from four aspects, i.e., security and privacy risks, expensive computation and communication costs, possible structural damage caused by model splitting, and system heterogeneity. Afterwards, we develop solutions to addressing the aforementioned challenges, and conduct extensive experiments to showcase the effectiveness of the proposed solutions. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Federated learning

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An Efficient Soft Error Tolerant Approach to Enhance Reliability of TCAM 1

An Efficient Soft Error Tolerant Approach to Enhance Reliabi...

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1st International Conference on Advances in science, engineering and Robotics Technology, ICASERT 2019

作者： Afrin, Rumana Sadi, Muhammad Sheikh Jurjens, Jan Khulna University of Engineering Techonology Department of Computer Science Engineering Khulna9203 Bangladesh University of Koblenz-Landau Fraunhofer-Institute for Software and Systems Engineering ISST Department of Computer Science Koblenz Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781728134451

Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM) is a kind of extraordinary memory which is used to search operations in routers, firewalls, network address translators, and entire content in a single clock cycle. It is a special kind of memory which is used in highly reliable network applications. These systems require high reliability since a single error may interrupt any computation which may cause total system failure. However, TCAM is facing serious reliability challenges due to soft errors. The probability of soft errors in TCAM is increasing progressively due to alpha-particle, cosmic rays, high-vitality particles, and ionizing impacts of barometrical neutron. In order to minimize the risks of soft errors in TCAM, a new idea is proposed in this paper where the search key is constructed in a tricky way and the contents of the TCAM are ordered in a sequential pattern. The proposed method provides soft error tolerance with a low data overhead. Experimental study shows how the proposed method outperforms the existing method to tolerate soft error. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Reliability

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Robust and Precise Facial Landmark Detection by Self-Calibrated Pose Attention Network

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Wan, Jun Xi, Hui Zhou, Jie Lai, Zhihui Pedrycz, Witold Wang, Xu Sun, Hang School of Information and Safety Engineering Zhongnan University of Economics and Law Wuhan430073 China College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shen zhen University Shenzhen518060 China Computer Vision Institute College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society Shenzhen China Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Canada Systems Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw Poland College of Computer and Information Technology China Three Gorges University Yichang HuBei China

Current fully-supervised facial landmark detection methods have progressed rapidly and achieved remarkable performance. However, they still suffer when coping with faces under large poses and heavy occlusions for inaccurate facial shape constraints and insufficient labeled training samples. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised framework, i.e., a Self-Calibrated Pose Attention Network (SCPAN) to achieve more robust and precise facial landmark detection in challenging scenarios. To be specific, a Boundary-Aware Landmark Intensity (BALI) field is proposed to model more effective facial shape constraints by fusing boundary and landmark intensity field information. Moreover, a Self-Calibrated Pose Attention (SCPA) model is designed to provide a self-learned objective function that enforces intermediate supervision without label information by introducing a self-calibrated mechanism and a pose attention mask. We show that by integrating the BALI fields and SCPA model into a novel self-calibrated pose attention network, more facial prior knowledge can be learned and the detection accuracy and robustness of our method for faces with large poses and heavy occlusions have been improved. The experimental results obtained for challenging benchmark datasets demonstrate that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods in the literature. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Face recognition

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Innovation, Research and Development in engineering Education. Activities of the Spanish Chapter of the IEEE Education Society: Directive Board of the IEEE Education Society Spanish Chapter 2020-2021

Innovation, Research and Development in Engineering Educatio...

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Technologies Applied to Electronics Teaching (TAEE)

作者： Ó scar Martí nez Bonastre Cristina Ferná ndez Lluí s Vicent Francisco Mur Manuel Castro Gabriel Diaz Jose Carpio Elio Sancristobal Sergio Martin Jose Sá nchez Francisco Javier Arcega Solsona Juan Suardiaz Muro Manuel Caeiro-Rodrí guez Martí n Llamas Inmaculada Plaza Baltasar Ferná ndez Manjó n Pedro Muñ oz-Merino Edmundo Tovar Telmo Zarraonandia Ayo Javier Garcia Zubia José Antonio Delgado Pení n Department of Statistics Mathematics and Computing Science Operations Research Centre Universidad Miguel Hern&#x00E1 ndez Elche Spain Department of Electronic Technology Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Madrid Spain UPF Barcelona School of Management Barcelona Spain Department of Electrical Electronic and Control Engineering UNED Madrid Spain Department of Electrical Engineering Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain Department of Automatics Electrical Engineering and Electronic Technology Technical University of Cartagena Cartagena Spain atlanTTic Research Center University of Vigo Vigo Spain Department of Electronics and Communication Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain Department of Software Engineering and Artificial Intelligence Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain Department of Telematic Engineering Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Madrid Spain Department of Computer Languages and Systems and Software Engineering Universidad Polit&#x00E9 cnica de Madrid Madrid Spain Department of Computer Science and Engineering Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Madrid Spain Department of Electronic Engineering Universidad de Deusto Bilbao Spain Universitat Polit&#x00E8 cnica de Catalunya Barcelona Spain

ISBN: (数字)9781665421614

ISBN: (纸本)9781665421621

The Technical Committee of the CESEI (Spanish Chapter of the IEEE Education Society) is focused on the Innovation, Research and Development (I+R+D) of the education in engineering, mainly Electric and computer engineering. As in other interdisciplinary fields, the I+R+D involves several sources of information and different stakeholders, each one with its own focus and purpose. As a result, sometimes it may be complex for practitioners and researchers to identify the more appropriate entities for their interests. This paper shows how the CESEI Technical Committee tries to solve this difficulty by providing updated information regarding the main publications (journals), events (conferences) and awards to the best academic works. The paper focuses special attention on the activities held during 2020–2021.

关键词： Technological innovation Collaboration Stakeholders engineering education Research and development

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A survey of static formal methods for building dependable industrial automation systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Sinha, Roopak Patil, Sandeep Gomes, Luis Vyatkin, Valeriy Department of IT and Software Engineering Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand Department of Computer Science Electrical and Space Engineering Luleå University of Technology Luleå97187 Sweden Electrical and Computer Engineering Department NOVA School of Science and Technology NOVA University of Lisbon Portugal Centre of Technology and Systems UNINOVA Caparica2829-517 Portugal Computer Technologies International Laboratory ITMO University Saint Petersburg197101 Russia Department of Electrical Engineering in Automation Aalto University Aalto00076 Finland

Industrial automation systems (IAS) need to be highly dependable;they should not merely function as expected but also do so in a reliable, safe, and secure manner. Formal methods are mathematical techniques that can greatly aid in developing dependable systems and can be used across all phases of the system development life cycle (SDLC), including requirements engineering, system design and implementation, verification and validation (testing), maintenance, and even documentation. This state-of-the-art survey reports existing formal approaches for creating more dependable IAS, focusing on static formal methods that are used before a system is completely implemented. We categorize surveyed works based on the phases of the SDLC, allowing us to identify research gaps and promising future directions for each phase. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Formal verification

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An ensemble approach for annotating source code identifiers with part-of-speech tags

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Newman, Christian D. Decker, Michael J. Alsuhaibani, Reem S. Peruma, Anthony Mkaouer, Mohamed Wiem Mohapatra, Satyajit Vishnoi, Tejal Zampieri, Marcos Sheldon, Timothy J. Hill, Emily Software Engineering Deptartment Rochester Institute of Techonology RochesterNY United States Software Engineering Department Bowling Green State University Bowling GreenOH United States Computer Science Department Prince Sultan University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Language Technology Group Rochester Institute of Techonology RochesterNY United States Financial Services Sector Risk and Compliance BNY Mellon PittburghPA United States Department of Math and Computer Science Drew University MadisonNJ United States

This paper presents an ensemble part-of-speech tagging approach for source code identifiers. Ensemble tagging is a technique that uses machine-learning and the output from multiple part-of-speech taggers to annotate natural language text at a higher quality than the part-of-speech taggers are able to obtain independently. Our ensemble uses three state-of-the-art part-of-speech taggers: SWUM, POSSE, and Stanford. We study the quality of the ensemble’s annotations on five different types of identifier names: function, class, attribute, parameter, and declaration statement at the level of both individual words and full identifier names. We also study and discuss the weaknesses of our tagger to promote the future amelioration of these problems through further research. Our results show that the ensemble achieves 75% accuracy at the identifier level and 84-86% accuracy at the word level. This is an increase of +17% points at the identifier level from the closest independent part-of-speech tagger. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Natural language processing systems

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Multi-Resolution Localization of Individual Logs in Wooden Piles Utilizing YOLO with Tiling on Client/Server Architectures 33

Multi-Resolution Localization of Individual Logs in Wooden P...

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33rd European Modeling and Simulation Symposium, EMSS 2021

作者： Praschl, Christoph Auersperg-Castell, Philipp Forster-Heinlein, Brigitte Zwettler, Gerald Adam Research Group Advanced Information Systems and Technology Research and Development Department University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria Softwarepark 11 Hagenberg4232 Austria Department of Software Engineering School of Informatics Communications and Media University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria Softwarepark 11 Hagenberg4232 Austria Bluedynamics Auersperg-Castell KG Kritzing 31 Freinberg4785 Austria Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics University of Passau Innstraße 43 Passau94032 Germany

In industrial domains with time and cost intensive manual or semi-automated inspection the demand for automation is high. Utilizing state of the art deep learning models for localization in vision-based domains such as wood log analysis, the precision can be increased while reducing the demand for manual inspection. In this paper a YOLO network is trained on wood log images to allow for detection of single wood piles in images with hundreds and thousands instances. Due to the high variability in scale and large amount of wood logs within the images, common YOLO architectures are not applicable. Thus, tiling is necessitated to implicitly form a multi-resolution image pyramid. Due to lack in training data, besides common data augmentation modelling of different seasonal and weather conditions is applied. The wood log detection process can be run on a client/server architecture to allow for both, preview and refined results. Evaluation on real-world data sets shows an log detection accuracy of 82,9% utilizing a tiny YOLO model and 94,1% with a fully connected YOLO model, respectively. © 2021 The Authors.

关键词： Deep learning

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