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arXiv 2025年

作者： Elharrouss, Omar Mahmood, Yasir Bechqito, Yassine Serhani, Mohamed Adel Badidi, Elarbi Riffi, Jamal Tairi, Hamid Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering College of Information Technology United Arab Emirates University United Arab Emirates Department of Information Systems College of Computing and Informatics University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Informatics Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University Fez Morocco

Loss functions are at the heart of deep learning, shaping how models learn and perform across diverse tasks. They are used to quantify the difference between predicted outputs and ground truth labels, guiding the optimization process to minimize errors. Selecting the right loss function is critical, as it directly impacts model convergence, generalization, and overall performance across various applications, from computer vision to time series forecasting. This paper presents a comprehensive review of loss functions, covering fundamental metrics like Mean Squared Error and Cross-Entropy to advanced functions such as Adversarial and Diffusion losses. We explore their mathematical foundations, impact on model training, and strategic selection for various applications, including computer vision (Discriminative and generative), tabular data prediction, and time series forecasting. For each of these categories, we discuss the most used loss functions in the recent advancements of deep learning techniques. Also, this review explore the historical evolution, computational efficiency, and ongoing challenges in loss function design, underlining the need for more adaptive and robust solutions. Emphasis is placed on complex scenarios involving multi-modal data, class imbalances, and real-world constraints. Finally, we identify key future directions, advocating for loss functions that enhance interpretability, scalability, and generalization, leading to more effective and resilient deep learning models. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Deep learning

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The Twitter Social Mobility Index: Measuring Social Distancing Practices from Geolocated Tweets

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Xu, Paiheng Dredze, Mark Broniatowski, David A. Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare Center for Language and Speech Processing Department of Computer Science Johns Hopkins University Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Institute for Data Democracy and Politics The George Washington University

Social distancing is an important component of the response to the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Minimizing social interactions and travel reduces the rate at which the infection spreads, and"flattens the curve" such that the medical system can better treat infected individuals. However, it remains unclear how the public will respond to these policies. This paper presents the Twitter Social Mobility Index, a measure of social distancing and travel derived from Twitter data. We use public geolocated Twitter data to measure how much a user travels in a given week. We find a large reduction in travel in the United States after the implementation of social distancing policies, with larger reductions in states that were early adopters and smaller changes in states without policies. Our findings are presented on http://*** and we will continue to update our analysis during the pandemic. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Coronavirus

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DP-Net: Dynamic programming guided deep neural network compression

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Yang, Dingcheng Yu, Wenjian Zhou, Ao Mu, Haoyuan Yao, Gary Wang, Xiaoyi BNRist Dept. Computer Science & Tech. Tsinghua University Beijing Engineering Research Center for IoT Software and Systems Beijing University of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Case Western Reserve University

—In this work, we propose an effective scheme (called DP-Net) for compressing the deep neural networks (DNNs). It includes a novel dynamic programming (DP) based algorithm to obtain the optimal solution of weight quantization and an optimization process to train a clustering-friendly DNN. Experiments showed that the DP-Net allows larger compression than the state-of-the-art counterparts while preserving accuracy. The largest 77X compression ratio on Wide ResNet is achieved by combining DP-Net with other compression techniques. Furthermore, the DP-Net is extended for compressing a robust DNN model with negligible accuracy loss. At last, a custom accelerator is designed on FPGA to speed up the inference computation with DP-Net. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dynamic programming

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Improving Gamma Imaging in Proton Therapy by Sanitizing Compton Camera Simulated Patient Data using Neural Networks through the BRIDE Pipeline

Improving Gamma Imaging in Proton Therapy by Sanitizing Comp...

引用

IEEE International Conference on Big Data

作者： Michael O. Chen Julian Hodge Peter L. Jin Ella Protz Elizabeth Wong Ruth Obe Ehsan Shakeri Mostafa Cham Matthias K. Gobbert Carlos A. Barajas Vijay R. Sharma Sina Mossahebi Lei Ren Stephen W. Peterson Jerimy C. Polf Departments of Mathematics Dartmouth College USA Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics U. of Maryland USA James M. Bennett High School Salisbury MD USA Department of Mathematics and Sciences Florida Atlantic University USA Department of Mathematics Brookdale Community College USA Dept. of Computer Science and of Software Engineering U. of Houston Clear Lake USA Dept. of Information Systems U. of Maryland USA Dept. of Radiation Oncology U. of Maryland School of Medicine USA Dept. of Physics U. of Cape Town South Africa M3D Inc. USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350362480

ISBN: (纸本)9798350362497

Precision medicine in cancer treatment increasingly relies on advanced radiotherapies, such as proton beam radiotherapy, to enhance efficacy of the treatment. When the proton beam in this treatment interacts with patient matter, the excited nuclei may emit prompt gamma ray interactions that can be captured by a Compton camera. The image reconstruction from this captured data faces the issue of mischaracterizing the sequences of incoming scattering events, leading to excessive background noise. To address this problem, several machine learning models such as Feedfoward Neural Networks (FNN) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) were developed in PyTorch to properly characterize the scattering sequences on simulated datasets, including newly-created patient medium data, which were generated by using a pipeline comprised of the GEANT4 and Monte-Carlo Detector Effects (MCDE) softwares. These models were implemented using the novel ‘Big-data REU Integrated Development and Experimentation’ (BRIDE) platform, a modular pipeline that streamlines preprocessing, feature engineering, and model development and evaluation on parallelized GPU processors. Hyperparameter studies were done on the novel patient data as well as on water phantom datasets used during previous research. Patient data was more difficult than water phantom data to classify for both FNN and RNN models. FNN models had higher accuracy on patient medium data but lower accuracy on water phantom data when compared to RNN models. Previous results on several different datasets were reproduced on BRIDE and multiple new models achieved greater performance than in previous research.

关键词： Particle beams Recurrent neural networks Accuracy Pipelines Phantoms Scattering Cameras Data models software Radiation therapy

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Protected Bidding Against Compromised Information Injection in IoT-Based Smart Grid 2nd

Protected Bidding Against Compromised Information Injection ...

引用

2nd EAI International Conference on Smart Grid and Internet of Things, SGIoT 2018

作者： Bhuiyan, Md Zakirul Alam Zaman, Mdaliuz Wang, Guojun Wang, Tian Rahman, Md. Arafat Tao, Hai Department of Computer and Information Science Fordham University New York CityNY United States School of Computer Science and Educational Software Guangzhou University Guangzhou China Department of Computer Science and Technology Huaqiao University Xiamen China Faculty of Computer Systems and Software Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang Pekan Malaysia Department of Computer Science Baoji University of Arts and Sciences BaojiShaanxi China

ISBN: (纸本)9783030059279

The smart grid is regarded as one of the important application field of the Internet of Things (IoT) composed of embedded sensors, which sense and control the behavior of the energy world. IoT is attractive for features of grid catastrophe prevention and decrease of grid transmission line and reliable load fluctuation control. Automated Demand Response (ADR) in smart grids maintain demand-supply stability and in regulating customer side electric energy charges. An important goal of IoT-based demand-response using IoT is to enable a type of DR approach called automatic demand bidding (ADR-DB). However, compromised information board can be injected into during the DR process that influences the data privacy and security in the ADR-DB bidding process, while protecting privacy oriented consumer data is in the bidding process is must. In this work, we present a bidding approach that is secure and private for incentive-based ADR system. We use cryptography method instead of using any trusted third-party for the security and privacy. We show that proposed ADR bidding are computationally practical through simulations performed in three simulation environments. © 2019, ICST Institute for computer sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications engineering.

关键词： Internet of things

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AI-based Fog and Edge Computing: A Systematic Review, Taxonomy and Future Directions

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Iftikhar, Sundas Gill, Sukhpal Singh Song, Chenghao Xu, Minxian Aslanpour, Mohammad Sadegh Toosi, Adel N. Du, Junhui Wu, Huaming Ghosh, Shreya Chowdhury, Deepraj Golec, Muhammed Kumar, Mohit Abdelmoniem, Ahmed M. Cuadrado, Felix Varghese, Blesson Rana, Omer Dustdar, Schahram Uhlig, Steve School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom University of Kotli Azad Jammu & Kashmir Azad Kashmir Kotli Pakistan Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China Department of Software Systems and Cybersecurity Faculty of Information Technology Monash University Australia Csiro DATA61 Australia Center for Applied Mathematics Tianjin University Tianjin China The Pennsylvania State University PA United States Naya Raipur India Abdullah Gül University Kayseri Turkey Department of Information Technology National Institute of Technology Jalandhar India Spain School of Computer Science University of St Andrews United Kingdom School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom Distributed Systems Group Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria

Resource management in computing is a very challenging problem that involves making sequential decisions. Resource limitations, resource heterogeneity, dynamic and diverse nature of workload, and the unpredictability of fog/edge computing environments have made resource management even more challenging to be considered in the fog landscape. Recently Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) based solutions are adopted to solve this problem. AI/ML methods with the capability to make sequential decisions like reinforcement learning seem most promising for these type of problems. But these algorithms come with their own challenges such as high variance, explainability, and online training. The continuously changing fog/edge environment dynamics require solutions that learn online, adopting changing computing environment. In this paper, we used standard review methodology to conduct this Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to analyze the role of AI/ML algorithms and the challenges in the applicability of these algorithms for resource management in fog/edge computing environments. Further, various machine learning, deep learning and reinforcement learning techniques for edge AI management have been discussed. Furthermore, we have presented the background and current status of AI/ML-based Fog/Edge Computing. Moreover, a taxonomy of AI/ML-based resource management techniques for fog/edge computing has been proposed and compared the existing techniques based on the proposed taxonomy. Finally, open challenges and promising future research directions have been identified and discussed in the area of AI/ML-based fog/edge computing. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Edge computing

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Green IoT using UAVs in B5G networks: A review of applications and strategies

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Alsamhi, Saeed H. Afghah, Fatemeh Sahal, Radhya Hawbani, Ammar Al-Qaness, A.A. Lee, B. Guizani, Mohsen Software Research Institute Athlone Institute of Technology Athlone Ireland IBB University Ibb Yemen School of Informatics Computing and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University United States Hudaidah University Hudaida Yemen School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China State Key Laboratory for Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing Wuhan University China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Qatar University Qatar

Recently, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) present a promising advanced technology that can enhance people life quality and smartness of cities dramatically and increase overall economic efficiency. UAVs have attained a significant interest in supporting many applications such as surveillance, agriculture, communication, transportation, pollution monitoring, disaster management, public safety, healthcare, and environmental preservation. Industry 4.0 applications are conceived of intelligent things that can automatically and collaboratively improve beyond 5G (B5G). Therefore, the Internet of Things (IoT) is required to ensure collaboration between the vast multitude of things efficiently anywhere in real-world applications that are monitored in real-time. However, many IoT devices consume a significant amount of energy when transmitting the collected data from surrounding environments. Due to a drone's capability to fly closer to IoT, UAV technology plays a vital role in greening IoT by transmitting collected data to achieve a sustainable, reliable, eco-friendly Industry 4.0. This survey presents an overview of the techniques and strategies proposed recently to achieve green IoT using UAVs infrastructure for a reliable and sustainable smart world. This survey is different from other attempts in terms of concept, focus, and discussion. Finally, various use cases, challenges, and opportunities regarding green IoT using UAVs are presented. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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Intelligent Management Frameworks for Global Cooperation

引用

International Journal of Intelligent systems 2025年第1期2025卷

作者： Ana M. Gonzalez de Miguel Antonio Sarasa-Cabezuelo Computer Science Faculty Department of Software Engineering and Artificial Intelligence Complutense University of Madrid 9 Prof. J. Garcia Santesmases Ciudad Universitaria Madrid 28040 Spain ucm.es Computer Science Faculty Department of Information Systems and Computing Complutense University of Madrid 9 Prof. J. Garcia Santesmases Ciudad Universitaria Madrid 28040 Spain ucm.es

This paper presents the definition, use, and evaluation of intelligent management frameworks for global cooperation. The research work brings new concepts and ideas to design new management models and artificial intelligence solutions in sustainable environments. An intelligent management framework is a flexible and efficient vertical association of models, architectures, and processes. It is a mixed (architectural and methodological) association of services and procedures across IT departments of global organizations. The paper presents a general top-down approach to design these frameworks for global, cooperative models of intelligence. The approach includes five levels of abstraction and three refinement techniques. These elements are used to design an evaluation case study with global services and process-oriented cooperation for current sustainable targets in education. In our future work, we will implement these management solutions for government organizations currently involved with digital transformations.

关键词： artificial intelligence global cooperation intelligence sustainability management frameworks

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Context-aware virtual adversarial training for anatomically-plausible segmentation

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Wang, Ping Peng, Jizong Pedersoli, Marco Zhou, Yuanfeng Zhang, Caiming Desrosiers, Christian Department of Software IT Engineering Ecole de technologie supérieure MontrealH3C1K3 Canada Department of Systems Engineering Ecole de technologie supérieure MontrealH3C1K3 Canada School of Computer Science and Technology Shandong University Jinan250101 China

Despite their outstanding accuracy, semi-supervised segmentation methods based on deep neural networks can still yield predictions that are considered anatomically impossible by clinicians, for instance, containing holes or disconnected regions. To solve this problem, we present a Context-aware Virtual Adversarial Training (CAVAT) method for generating anatomically plausible segmentation. Unlike approaches focusing solely on accuracy, our method also considers complex topological constraints like connectivity which cannot be easily modeled in a differentiable loss function. We use adversarial training to generate examples violating the constraints, so the network can learn to avoid making such incorrect predictions on new examples, and employ the REINFORCE algorithm to handle non-differentiable segmentation constraints. The proposed method offers a generic and efficient way to add any constraint on top of any segmentation network. Experiments on two clinically-relevant datasets show our method to produce segmentations that are both accurate and anatomically-plausible in terms of region connectivity. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Corrigendum to “LightSOD: Towards lightweight and efficient network for salient object detection” [J. Comput. Vis. Imag. Underst. 249 (2024) 104148]

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computer Vision and Image Understanding 2025年 252卷

作者： Thien-Thu Ngo Hoang Ngoc Tran Md. Delowar Hossain Eui-Nam Huh School of Information Technology Center for Applied Intelligent Systems Research Halmstad University Kristian IV:s väg 3 Halmstad 30118 Halland Sweden Department Computer Science and Engineering KyungHee University Global Campus Deogyeong-daero Yongin-si 17104 Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea Department of Software Engineering FPT University 600 Nguyen Van Cu Street Ninh Kieu 94000 Can Tho Viet Nam Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University Basherhat Dinajpur 5200 Rangpur Division Bangladesh

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