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4th IASTED International Conference on Telehealth and Assistive Technologies, Telehealth/AT 2008

作者： Coyle, Eric Collins, Emmanuel G. DuPont, Edmond Dan, Ding Hongwu, Wang Cooper, Rory A. Grindle, Garrett Dept. of Mechanical Engineering at FAMU-FSU Center for Intelligent Systems Control and Robotics Tallahassee FL 32310 United States Dept. of Rehabilitation Science and Tech. Human Engineering Research Laboratory Univ. of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15261 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780889867406

Automated terrain classification for electric powered wheelchairs (EPWs) has two primary motivations. First, certain terrains (e.g., sand and gravel) make wheelchair mobility more difficult. To alleviate this problem the wheelchair control system can be manually tuned for maximum speeds and/or accelerations to help adapt to various terrains. Terrain classification can then be used to automate the switch from one control mode to another. Second, terrain classification can help yield a better understanding of the surfaces traversed by various groups of wheelchair users. This can provide the data needed to develop wheelchairs geared to specific groups of users. This paper presents an algorithm for vibration-based terrain classification on EPWs. This algorithm has been shown to be highly accurate in offline analysis of experimental data. Future work will stress online implementation and algorithm improvements.

关键词： Wheelchairs

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Graph Signature for Self-Reconfiguration Planning

Graph Signature for Self-Reconfiguration Planning

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2008 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on intelligent Robots and systems, Pages 526-1042

作者： Masoud Asadpour Alexander Sproewitz Aude Billard Pierre Dillenbourg Auke Jan Ijspeert ECE Dept. University of Tehran Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence Iran Bio-Inspired Robotics Group (BIRG) Switzerland Learning Algorithms and Systems Laboratory (LASA) Switzerland Centre de Recherche et d Appui pour la Formation Switzerland Centre de Recherche et d'Appui pour la Formation (CRAFT) Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Switzerland Bio-Inspired Robotics Group (BIRG)

ISBN: (纸本)9781424420575

This project incorporates modular robots as building blocks for furniture that moves and self-reconfigures. The reconfiguration is done using dynamic connection/disconnection of modules and rotations of the degrees of freedom. This paper introduces a new approach to self-reconfiguration planning for modular robots based on the graph signature and the graph edit-distance. The method has been tested in simulation on two type of modules: YaMoR and M-TRAN. The simulation results shows interesting features of the approach, namely rapidly finding a near-optimal solution.

关键词： Modular self-reconfigurable robots Adaptive furniture Graph isomorphism Graph signature Graph edit distance Modular robots graph editing Line graph Reconfiguration Furnishings signatures Building blocks Degree of freedom crop rotation

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Fuzzy Arithmetic-based Stability Analysis and Design of Fuzzy controller

Fuzzy Arithmetic-based Stability Analysis and Design of Fuzz...

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IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)

作者： S. Bogdan Z. Kovacic I. Fazinic I. Draganjac Laboratory for Advanced Robotics and Intelligent Control Systems Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia

Initially introduced as a model-free control design method, in today practice fuzzy control is dominantly used as yet another nonlinear control technique based either on a linear or nonlinear model of a process. This paper addresses the stability assessment of a fuzzy logic control system based only on the partial knowledge of a controlled process. Lyapunov stability conditions are derived and analyzed by using fuzzy numbers and fuzzy arithmetic. The experimental results obtained for a non-stable second-order system confirmed that this approach could be successfully implemented. Some questions, addressed in the paper, remained open for further investigation.

关键词： Fuzzy control Stability analysis control systems Fuzzy systems Lyapunov method Sliding mode control Fuzzy logic Fuzzy sets Nonlinear control systems Arithmetic

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LANDING AN UNMANNED AIR VEHICLE: VISION BASED MOTION ESTIMATION AND NONLINEAR control

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Asian Journal of control 2008年第3期1卷

作者： Omid Shakernia Yi Ma T. John Koo Shankar Sastry Dept. of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science University of California at Berkeley Berkeley CA94720-1774 U.S.A. Tak-Kuen John Koo received the B.Eng. degree in 1992 in Electronic Engineering and the M.Phil. in 1994 in Information Engineering both from the Chinese University of Hong Kong. From 1994 to 1995 he was a graduate student in Signal and Image Processing Institute at the University of Southern California. He is currently a Ph.D. Candidate in Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences at the University of California at Berkeley. His research interests include nonlinear control theory hybrid systems inertial navigation systems with applications to unmanned aerial vehicles. He received the Distinguished M.Phil. Thesis Award of the Faculty of Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong in 1994. He was a consultant of SRI International in 1998. Currently he is the team leader of the Berkeley AeRobot Team and a delegate of The Graduate Assembly University of California at Berkeley. He is a student member of IEEE and SIAM. S. Shankar Sastry received his Ph.D. degree in 1981 from the University of California Berkeley. He was on the faculty of MIT from 1980-82 and Harvard University as a Gordon McKay professor in 1994. He is currently a Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences and Bioengineering and Director of the Electronics Research Laboratory at Berkeley. He has held visiting appointments at the Australian National University Canberra the University of Rome Scuola Normale and University of Pisa the CNRS laboratory LAAS in Toulouse (poste rouge) and as a Vinton Hayes Visiting fellow at the Center for Intelligent Control Systems at MIT. His areas of research are nonlinear and adaptive control robotic telesurgery control of hybrid systems and biological motor control. He is a coauthor (with M. Bodson) of “Adaptive Control: Stability Convergence and Robustness Prentice Hall 1989.” and (with R. Murray and Z. Li) of “A Mathematical Introduction to Robotic Manipulati

In this paper, we use computer vision as a feedback sensor in a control loop for landing an unmanned air vehicle (UAV) on a landing pad. The vision problem we address here is then a special case of the classic ego-motion estimation problem since all feature points lie on a planar surface (the landing pad). We study together the discrete and differential versions of the ego-motion estimation, in order to obtain both position and velocity of the UAV relative to the landing pad. After briefly reviewing existing algorithm for the discrete case, we present, in a unified geometric framework, a new estimation scheme for solving the differential case. We further show how the obtained algorithms enable the vision sensor to be placed in the feedback loop as a state observer for landing control. These algorithms are linear, numerically robust, and computationally inexpensive hence suitable for real-time implementation. We present a thorough performance evaluation of the motion estimation algorithms under varying levels of image measurement noise, altitudes of the camera above the landing pad, and different camera motions relative to the landing pad. A landing controller is then designed for a full dynamic model of the UAV. Using geometric nonlinear control theory, the dynamics of the UAV are decoupled into an inner system and outer system. The proposed control scheme is then based on the differential flatness of the outer system. For the overall closed-loop system, conditions are provided under which exponential stability can be guaranteed. In the closed-loop system, the controller is tightly coupled with the vision based state estimation and the only auxiliary sensor are accelerometers for measuring acceleration of the UAV. Finally, we show through simulation results that the designed vision-in-the-loop controller generates stable landing maneuvers even for large levels of image measurement noise. Experiments on a real UAV will be presented in future work.

关键词： Motion estimation computer vision based control unmanned air vehicle differential flatness

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Fuzzy controller Design Based on the Phase Plane Isoclines

Fuzzy Controller Design Based on the Phase Plane Isoclines

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Mediterranean Conference on control and Automation (MED)

作者： Stjepan Bogdan Zdenko Kovacic Larics-Laboratory for Robotics and Intelligent Control Systems Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia

In this paper we describe a procedure that exploits geometric properties of state space in the investigation of the system stability. Although this method is cumbersome, its practical value becomes clear in the situation when state space is reduced to a phase plane, which is the case in a second-order system. Then phase plane analysis offers well known procedures (especially in case f(.) is linear) for the determination of the system stability. Simulation results, obtained by implementation of the proposed method on the fuzzy controller design, are given at the end of the paper

关键词： Fuzzy control Fuzzy systems control systems Sliding mode control Stability analysis Nonlinear control systems Fuzzy logic State-space methods Stability criteria Lyapunov method

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Who Moved?! An Investigation into Distribution of Actions and Behaviors in a Multi Agent System

Who Moved?! An Investigation into Distribution of Actions an...

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International Conference on Mechatronics (ICM)

作者： Roozbeh Daneshvar Caro Lucas Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran Center of Excellence for Control and Intelligent Processing Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering School of Intelligent Systems IPM University of Tehran Tehran Iran

In this paper we have considered systems in which agents communicate via their environment. In these systems the agents do not have direct and explicit communication with each other and instead they have implicit communication which is performed via the environment they are located in. Different kinds of environment elements are considered to be changed while on the other hand for all of these situations there is a change in the environment and this change means potential stimuli that fires behaviors of agents for future. It is considered that if we can find a track of changes in the environment and find the roots of a movement in an agent that is originally made by another agent of the group

关键词： Artificial intelligence intelligent robots Fires Tracking Process control Communication system control control systems intelligent control Optical computing intelligent systems

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A novel approach to proactive human-robot cooperation

A novel approach to proactive human-robot cooperation

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IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Communication (ROMAN)

作者： O.C. Schrempf U.D. Hanebeck A.J. Schmid H. Worn Intelligent Sensor-Actuator-Systems Laboratory Institute of Computer Science and Engineering Universität Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Germany Institute for Process Control and Robotics Universität Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Germany

This paper introduces the concept of proactive execution of robot tasks in the context of human-robot cooperation with uncertain knowledge of the human's intentions. We present a system architecture that defines the necessary modules of the robot and their interactions with each other. The two key modules are the intention recognition that determines the human user's intentions and the planner that executes the appropriate tasks based on those intentions. We show how planning conflicts due to the uncertainty of the intention information are resolved by proactive execution of the corresponding task that optimally reduces the system's uncertainly. Finally, we present an algorithm for selecting this task and suggest a benchmark scenario.

关键词： Robot sensing systems intelligent robots Uncertainty Application software Humanoid robots Human robot interaction Bayesian methods intelligent sensors Laboratories Computer science

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An extension of weighted strategy sharing in cooperative Q-learning for specialized agents

An extension of weighted strategy sharing in cooperative Q-l...

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International Conference on Neural Information Processing

作者： S.M. Eshgh M.N. Ahmadabadi School of Intelligent Systems Institute of Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics Tehran Iran Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence and Robotics Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran

Using other agents' experiences and knowledge, a learning agent may learn faster, make fewer mistakes, and create some rides for unseen situations. These benefits will be gained if the learning agents know the area of expertise and the expertness values of each other. In this paper, some Q-learning agents with different skills and expertness levels cooperate in learning. The agents use some criteria to judge others information and knowledge. Four expertness criterion, certainty and entropy measures are used to assign degrees of importance to others' Q-Tables. Effects of measuring these values based on their whole Q-Table, a portion of Q-Tables that reflects their proficiencies, and the states in Q-Tables on the learning quality are studied. Simple strategy sharing and two different weighted strategy-sharing methods are used to combine the acquired knowledge from different agents.

关键词： intelligent robots intelligent agent Process control control systems intelligent control Laboratories intelligent systems Physics Mathematics Entropy

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Certainty and expertness-based credit assignment for cooperative Q-Learning agents with an AND-type task

Certainty and expertness-based credit assignment for coopera...

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International Conference on Neural Information Processing

作者： A. Harati M.N. Ahmadabadi School of Intelligent Systems Institute of Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics Tehran Iran Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence & AI and Robotics Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran

In multiagent reinforcement learning, inter-agent credit assignment is a fundamental problem, since a single scalar reinforcement signal is the only reliable feedback that teams of learning agents receive. This problem is more critical in groups of independent learners with a joint task. In this research, it is assumed that a critic agent receives the environment feedback and assigns a proper credit to each agent using some measures. Three of such measures for a team of cooperative agents with a parallel and AND-type task are introduced. These measures somehow compare the agents' knowledge. One of these criteria, called normal expertness, is a non-relative measure while two other ones (certainty and relative normal expertness) are relative measure. It is experimentally shown that relative measures work better as they contain more information for the critic agent.

关键词： Feedback intelligent agent intelligent robots Process control control systems intelligent control Artificial intelligence Robot kinematics Physics computing Reliability engineering

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Factorization method for multiple perspective views via iterative depth estimation

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systems and Computers in Japan 2000年第13期31卷 87-95页

作者： Ueshiba, Toshio Tomita, Fumiaki Electrotechnical Laboratory Tsukuba 305-8568 Japan Department of Electrical Engineering University of Tokyo Electrotechnical Laboratory Min. of Intl. Trade and Industry Intelligent Systems Division Canada Nat. Inf. Eng. Lab. Information Processing Society Robotics Society of Japan Soc. of Instrum. Control Engineers Department of Control Engineering Osaka University CMU Department of Computer Science Information Processing Society Robotics Society of Japan

This paper proposes a factorization method that reconstructs camera motion and scene shape based on the matching of multiple images under the condition that the camera captures a perspective view. Starting from the affine projection camera model, the projection depth is iteratively estimated until the measurement matrix has rank 4. Then, the obtained measurement matrix is factorized to restore the three-dimensional information of the scene in the projection space. This approach eliminates noise sensitive processes, such as the calculation of the fundamental matrix, that are required in the factorization for the conventional perspective projection image, and a stable reconstruction is realized. Furthermore, the metric constraint in the conventional affine model is extended, and the metric constraint in the perspective projection condition is derived. It is shown that the reconstruction in Euclidean space is realized if the internal parameters of the camera are given.

关键词： Image reconstruction

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