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Neurocomputational modeling of imitation deficits

BMC Neuroscience 2008年第1期9卷 1-1页

作者： Biljana Petreska Aude G Billard Learning Algorithms and Systems Laboratory (LASA) Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

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Graph Signature for Self-Reconfiguration Planning

Graph Signature for Self-Reconfiguration Planning

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2008 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and systems, Pages 526-1042

作者： Masoud Asadpour Alexander Sproewitz Aude Billard Pierre Dillenbourg Auke Jan Ijspeert ECE Dept. University of Tehran Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence Iran Bio-Inspired Robotics Group (BIRG) Switzerland Learning Algorithms and Systems Laboratory (LASA) Switzerland Centre de Recherche et d Appui pour la Formation Switzerland Centre de Recherche et d'Appui pour la Formation (CRAFT) Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Switzerland Bio-Inspired Robotics Group (BIRG)

ISBN: (纸本)9781424420575

This project incorporates modular robots as building blocks for furniture that moves and self-reconfigures. The reconfiguration is done using dynamic connection/disconnection of modules and rotations of the degrees of freedom. This paper introduces a new approach to self-reconfiguration planning for modular robots based on the graph signature and the graph edit-distance. The method has been tested in simulation on two type of modules: YaMoR and M-TRAN. The simulation results shows interesting features of the approach, namely rapidly finding a near-optimal solution.

关键词： Modular self-reconfigurable robots Adaptive furniture Graph isomorphism Graph signature Graph edit distance Modular robots graph editing Line graph Reconfiguration Furnishings signatures Building blocks Degree of freedom crop rotation

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Using reinforcement learning to adapt an imitation task

Using reinforcement learning to adapt an imitation task

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2007 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and systems

作者： Florent Guenter Aude G. Billard Learning Algorithms and Systems Laboratory School of Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne Switzerland

The goal of developing algorithms for programming robots by demonstration is to create an easy way of programming robots that can be accomplished by everyone. When a demonstrator teaches a task to a robot, he/she shows some ways of fulfilling the task, but not all the possibilities. The robot must then be able to reproduce the task even when unexpected perturbations occur. In this case, it has to learn a new solution. In this paper, we describe a system that allows a robot to re-learn constrained reaching tasks by combining the knowledge acquired during the demonstration, with that acquired though reinforcement learning.

关键词： learning Robot programming Intelligent robots Educational robots Humanoid robots USA Councils Pressing Human robot interaction Animals

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Active Teaching in Robot Programming by Demonstration

Active Teaching in Robot Programming by Demonstration

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IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Communication (ROMAN)

作者： Sylvain Calinon Aude Billard Learning Algorithms and Systems Laboratory (LASA) Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland

Robot programming by demonstration (RbD) covers methods by which a robot learns new skills through human guidance. In this work, we take the perspective that the role of the teacher is more important than just being a model of successful behaviour, and present a probabilistic framework for RbD which allows to extract incrementally the essential characteristics of a task described at a trajectory level. To demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, we present two experiments where manipulation skills are transferred to a humanoid robot by means of active teaching methods that put the human teacher in the loop of the robot's learning. The robot first observes the task performed by the user (through motion sensors) and the robot's skill is then refined progressively by embodying the robot and putting it through the motion (kinesthetic teaching).

关键词： Education Robot programming Educational robots Robot sensing systems Human robot interaction Humanoid robots Biological system modeling Laboratories Joints Problem-solving

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WearCam: A head mounted wireless camera for monitoring gaze attention and for the diagnosis of developmental disorders in young children

WearCam: A head mounted wireless camera for monitoring gaze ...

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IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Communication (ROMAN)

作者： Lorenzo Piccardi Basilio Noris Olivier Barbey Aude Billard Giuseppina Schiavone Flavio Keller Claes von Hofsten Learning Algorithms & Systems Laboratory LASA EPF Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland DNNP Laboratory Roma Italy Department of Psychology University of Uppsala Uppsala Sweden

Autism covers a large spectrum of disorders that affect the individual's way of interacting socially and is often revealed by the individual's lack of interest in gazing at human faces. Currently Autism is diagnosed in children no younger than 2 years old. This paper presents a new monitoring device, the WearCam, to help forming a diagnosis of this neurodevelopmental disorder at an earlier age than currently possible. The WearCam consists of a wireless camera located on the forefront of the child. The WearCam collects videos from the viewpoint of the child's head. Color detection, face detection and gaze detection are run on the data in order to locate the approximate gaze direction of the child and determine where her attention is drawn to (persons, objects, etc.). We report on early tests of the camera within normally developing children. Firstly the technical characteristics of the current prototype of the WearCam will be described. Afterwards the type of data collected with this device with young children will be shown.

关键词： Cameras Autism Face detection Prototypes Biomedical monitoring Batteries Humans Videos Object detection Charge-coupled image sensors

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The DoF-Box Project: An Educational Kit for Configurable Robots

The DoF-Box Project: An Educational Kit for Configurable Rob...

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2007 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, Pages 805-1210

作者： D. Daidie O. Barbey A. Guignard D. Roussy F. Guenter A. Ijspeert A. Billard Learning Algorithms and Systems Laboratory (LASA) School of engineering Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781424412631;1424412633

This paper describes the DoF-Box, a modular, reconfigurable robot, used in Hands-on practicals of robotics taught to microengineering students. We present the hardware and software of the robots and describe the pedagogical approach adopted in the practicals. This approach encourages the creativity and imagination of the students, while ensuring that the students put in practice fundamental laws of control they are taught in class. Some of the results, including particular design of robots, obtained by the students are also shown.

关键词： Robot Students Imagination configurability robotics Computer hardware Reconfigurable robot Hand computer software

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TRACKING CONTROL IN THE PRESENCE OF NONLINEAR DYNAMIC FRICTIONAL EFFECTS: ROBOT EXTENSION

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Asian Journal of Control 2008年第3期1卷

作者： M. Feemster D.M. Dawson A. Behal W. Dixon Matthew Feemster received the B.S degree in Electrical Engineering from Clemson University Clemson South Carolina in December 1994. Upon graduation he remained at Clemson University and received the M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering in 1997. During this time he also served as a research/teaching assistant. His research work focused on the design and implementation of various nonlinear control algorithms with emphasis on the induction motor and mechanical systems with friction present. He is currently working toward his Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering at Clemson University. Darren M. Dawson was born in 1962 in Macon Georgia. He received an Associate Degree in Mathematics from Macon Junior College in 1982 and a B.S. Degree in Electrical Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1984. He then worked for Westinghouse as a control engineer from 1985 to 1987. In 1987 he returned to the Georgia Institute of Technology where he received the Ph.D. Degree in Electrical Engineering in March 1990. During this time he also served as a research/teaching assistant. In July 1990 he joined the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department and the Center for Advanced Manufacturing (CAM) at Clemson University where he currently holds the position of Professor. Under the CAM director's supervision he currently leads the Robotics and Manufacturing Automation Laboratory which is jointly operated by the Electrical and Mechanical Engineering departments. His main research interests are in the fields of nonlinear based robust adaptive and learning control with application to electro-mechanical systems including robot manipulators motor drives magnetic bearings flexible cables flexible beams and high-speed transport systems. Aman Behal was born in India in 1973. He received his Masters Degree in Electrical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology Bombay in 1996. He is currently working towards a Ph.D in Controls and Robotics at Clemson University. His research focuses on the control of no

In this paper, we extend the observer/control strategies previously published in [25] to an n -link, serially connected, direct drive, rigid link, revolute robot operating in the presence of nonlinear friction effects modeled by the Lu-Gre model. In addition, we also present a new adaptive control technique for compensating for the nonlinear parameterizable Stribeck effects. Specifically, an adaptive observer/controller scheme is developed which contains a feedforward approximation of the Stribeck effects. This feedforward approximation is used in a composite controller/observer strategy which forces the average square integral of the position tracking error to an arbitrarily small value. Experimental results are included to illustrate the performance of the proposed controllers.

关键词： Friction compensation nonlinear control

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Biologically Inspired Multimodal Integration: Interferences in a Human-Robot Interaction Game

Biologically Inspired Multimodal Integration: Interferences ...

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2006 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and systems

作者： Eric L. Sauser Aude G. Billard Learning Algorithms and Systems Laboratory Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland

This paper presents a biologically inspired approach to multimodal integration and decision-making in the context of human-robot interactions. More specifically, we address the principle of ideomotor compatibility by which observing the movements of others influences the quality of one's own performance. This fundamental human ability is likely to be linked with human imitation abilities, social interactions, the transfer of manual skills, and probably to mind reading. We present a robotic control model capable of integrating multimodal information, decision making, and replicating a stimulus-response compatibility task, originally designed to measure the effect of ideomotor compatibility on human behavior. The model consists of a neural network based on the dynamic field approach, which is known for its natural ability for stimulus enhancement as well as cooperative and competitive interactions within and across sensorimotor representations. Finally, we discuss how the capacity for ideomotor facilitation can provide the robot with human-like behavior, but at the expense of several disadvantages, such as hesitation and even mistakes

关键词： Interference Humans Robot sensing systems Decision making Robot control Humanoid robots Intelligent robots Game theory Laboratories Neural networks

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learning Dynamical System Modulation for Constrained Reaching Tasks

Learning Dynamical System Modulation for Constrained Reachin...

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IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots

作者： Micha Hersch Florent Guenter Sylvain Calinon Aude G. Billard Learning Algorithms and Systems Laboratory-LASA School of Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)1424401992

In this paper we combine kinesthetic demonstrations and dynamical systems to enable a humanoid robot to imitate constrained reaching gestures directed toward a target. Using a learning algorithm based on Gaussian mixture regression, the task constraints are extracted from several demonstrations. Those constraints take the form of desired velocity profiles for the end-effector and joint angle variables, with associated covariance matrices describing the variations allowed around the desired profiles. Those constraints are then used to modulate a dynamical system which has the reaching target as attractor. This way, the reaching trajectory can be reshaped in order to satisfy the constraints of the task, while preserving the adaptability and robustness provided by the dynamical system. In particular, the system can adapt to changes in the initial conditions and to target displacements occurring during the movement execution. We first evaluate the potential of this method on experiments involving the Hoap3 humanoid robot putting an object into a box. We then show how a manipulation tasks can be executed as sequences of such constrained reaching movement. This is illustrated on a packaging task performed by the robot

关键词： Humanoid robots Service robots Humans Robot control Laboratories Covariance matrix Robustness Packaging Electrical equipment industry Robot programming

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Design of a Biomimetic Spine for the Humanoid Robot Robota

Design of a Biomimetic Spine for the Humanoid Robot Robota

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IEEE/RAS-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob)

作者： L. Roos F. Guenter A. Guignard A.G. Billard Learning Algorithms and Systems Laboratory-LASA School of Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland

This paper presents a prototype of 3 degrees-of-freedom articulated spine for the doll-shaped humanoid robot Robota. This work follows an approach that emphasizes the need for a high human-likeliness in both the external features of the robot and in the kinematics of its motions to enhance human-robot interactions. The design of a spinal cord for our humanoid robot satisfies both criteria in providing offering a smooth human-like parallel means of bending forward and sideways

关键词： Humanoid robots Biomimetics Prototypes Educational robots Torso Education Laboratories Human robot interaction Autism Service robots

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