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Adaptive Cyber Defense Technique Based on Multiagent Reinforcement Learning Strategies

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第6期36卷 2757-2771页

作者： Adel Alshamrani Abdullah Alshahrani Department of Cybersecurity College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddahSaudi Arabia

The static nature of cyber defense systems gives attackers a sufficient amount of time to explore and further exploit the vulnerabilities of information technology *** this paper,we investigate a problem where multiagent sys-tems sensing and acting in an environment contribute to adaptive cyber *** present a learning strategy that enables multiple agents to learn optimal poli-cies using multiagent reinforcement learning(MARL).Our proposed approach is inspired by the multiarmed bandits(MAB)learning technique for multiple agents to cooperate in decision making or to work *** study a MAB approach in which defenders visit a system multiple times in an alternating fash-ion to maximize their rewards and protect their *** find that this game can be modeled from an individual player’s perspective as a restless MAB *** discover further results when the MAB takes the form of a pure birth process,such as a myopic optimal policy,as well as providing environments that offer the necessary incentives required for cooperation in multiplayer projects.

关键词： Multiarmed bandits reinforcement learning multiagents intrusion detection systems

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A Review Study on the Challenges of Keyphrase Extraction in Different Languages 19

A Review Study on the Challenges of Keyphrase Extraction in ...

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19th Iranian Conference on Intelligent Systems, ICIS 2024

作者： Arabi, Seyed Mosayeb Saboohi, Hadi Islamic Azad University Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Karaj Iran Islamic Azad University Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Department of Computer Engineering Karaj Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9798331507565

Nowadays, several articles are written and published in various scientific fields. Finding articles that have a common research field makes it easy to search for similar articles in the shortest time. The keyphrases of the article illustrate the abstract of the article and the topics discussed. Retrieving information and summarizing and answering questions can also be done using keyphrases. Suggesting and extracting keys are done with various methods. Over the past years, the precision of extracting keywords has also increased with the advancement of the presented methods. Since the extraction of keyphrases depends on the language, there may be challenges in extracting keyphrases in different languages and the precision of the proposed methods may be different. Hence, the present study examines various challenges facing the extraction of keyphrases, particularly in different languages, and reviews the proposed methods for these challenges. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Question answering

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Characterization of Memory Access in Deep Learning and Its Implications in Memory Management

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第7期76卷 607-629页

作者： Jeongha Lee Hyokyung Bahn Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Software Ewha UniversitySeoul03760Korea Department of Computer Science and Engineering Ewha UniversitySeoul03760Korea

Due to the recent trend of software intelligence in the Fourth Industrial Revolution,deep learning has become a mainstream workload for modern computer *** the data size of deep learning increasingly grows,managing the limited memory capacity efficiently for deep learning workloads becomes *** this paper,we analyze memory accesses in deep learning workloads and find out some unique characteristics differentiated from traditional ***,when comparing instruction and data accesses,data access accounts for 96%–99%of total memory accesses in deep learning workloads,which is quite different from traditional ***,when comparing read and write accesses,write access dominates,accounting for 64%–80%of total memory ***,although write access makes up the majority of memory accesses,it shows a low access bias of 0.3 in the Zipf ***,in predicting re-access,recency is important in read access,but frequency provides more accurate information in write *** on these observations,we introduce a Non-Volatile Random Access Memory(NVRAM)-accelerated memory architecture for deep learning workloads,and present a new memory management policy for this *** considering the memory access characteristics of deep learning workloads,the proposed policy improves memory performance by 64.3%on average compared to the CLOCK policy.

关键词： Memory access deep learning machine learning memory access memory management CLOCK

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Arabic Idioms Detection by Utilizing Deep Learning and Transformer-based Models 6

Arabic Idioms Detection by Utilizing Deep Learning and Trans...

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6th International Conference on AI in Computational Linguistics, ACLing 2024

作者： Himdi, Hanen Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Department College of Computer Science and Engineering University of Jeddah Jeddah Saudi Arabia

Arabic language resources and natural language processing technologies have seen significant advancements in recent years. The detection of idiomatic expressions is a crucial problem in Arabic natural language processing. Unfortunately, there have been few advancements in this field due to the scarcity of datasets and computational models that still struggle to handle Arabic idiomatic phrases. Although idioms have significance in Arabic because of their distinctive relation to history and cultural knowledge, they also offer a language tool for conveying concepts and thoughts that may diverge from their literal interpretation. Hence, to accurately detect their incongruent language, a model requires the ability to interpret the idioms' contextual meaning. To tackle this issue, this study entails comprehensive work on detecting Arabic idiomatic and literal statements. For that, we introduce a large Arabic idiomatic and literal statements. The dataset includes idioms from several Arabic idiomatic platforms balanced with literal statements from titles in news platforms with similar keywords found in the idioms. This study adopts four deep learning models, namely, CNN, LSTM, Bi-LSTM, and GRU trained with word embeddings, FastText and Skip-Gram Word2Vec, and three transformer-based models, BERT, RoBERTa, and DistilBERT were compiled and assessed via empirical evaluations. Our experiments demonstrated that transformer-based models outperformed deep learning models trained by word embedding to detect Arabic idioms and literal statements, reaching 97% in favor of DistilBERT. We also enhanced the accuracy through the ensemble stacking method, boosting it by 0.8 points. Furthermore, we propose a novel Arabic idiom interpreter that offers simple explanations for selected idiomatic contents within the literal text. Our work enriches the challenge of detecting incongruities found in similar figurative genres, specifically in the rich morphological language, Arabic. © 2024 Elsevier

关键词： Embeddings

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Integrating Ontology-Based Approaches with Deep Learning Models for Fine-Grained Sentiment Analysis

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第10期81卷 1855-1877页

作者： Longgang Zhao Seok-Won Lee The Knowledge-Intensive Software Engineering(NiSE)Research Group Department of Artificial IntelligenceAjou UniversitySuwon City16499Republic of Korea Department of Software and Computer Engineering Ajou UniversitySuwon City16499Republic of Korea

Although sentiment analysis is pivotal to understanding user preferences,existing models face significant challenges in handling context-dependent sentiments,sarcasm,and nuanced *** study addresses these challenges by integrating ontology-based methods with deep learning models,thereby enhancing sentiment analysis accuracy in complex domains such as film reviews and restaurant *** framework comprises explicit topic recognition,followed by implicit topic identification to mitigate topic interference in subsequent sentiment *** the context of sentiment analysis,we develop an expanded sentiment lexicon based on domainspecific corpora by leveraging techniques such as word-frequency analysis and word ***,we introduce a sentiment recognition method based on both ontology-derived sentiment features and sentiment *** evaluate the performance of our system using a dataset of 10,500 restaurant reviews,focusing on sentiment classification *** incorporation of specialized lexicons and ontology structures enables the framework to discern subtle sentiment variations and context-specific expressions,thereby improving the overall sentiment-analysis *** results demonstrate that the integration of ontology-based methods and deep learning models significantly improves sentiment analysis accuracy.

关键词： Deep learning ontology fine-grained sentiment analysis online reviews

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TMRE:Novel Algorithm for Computing Daily Reference Evapotranspiration Using Transformer-Based Models

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第5期83卷 2851-2864页

作者： Bushra Tayyaba Muhammad Usman Ghani Khan Talha Waheed Shaha Al-Otaibi Tanzila Saba National Center of Artificial Intelligence(NCAI) Al Khwarizmi Institute of Computer Sciences(KICS)Lahore54890Pakistan Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and Technology LahoreLahore54890Pakistan Artificial Intelligence&Data Analytics Lab Prince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh11671Saudi Arabia

Reference Evapotranspiration(ETo)iswidely used to assess totalwater loss between land and atmosphere due to its importance in maintaining the atmospheric water balance,especially in agricultural and environmental *** estimation of ETo is challenging due to its dependency onmultiple climatic variables,including temperature,humidity,and solar radiation,making it a complexmultivariate time-series *** machine learning and deep learning models have been applied to forecast ETo,achieving moderate ***,the introduction of transformer-based architectures in time-series forecasting has opened new possibilities formore precise ETo *** this study,a novel algorithm for ETo forecasting is proposed,focusing on four transformer-based models:Vanilla Transformer,Informer,Autoformer,and FEDformer(Frequency Enhanced Decomposed Transformer),applied to an ETo dataset from the Andalusian *** novelty of the proposed algorithm lies in determining optimized window sizes based on seasonal trends and variations,which were then used with each model to enhance prediction *** custom window-sizing method allows the models to capture ETo’s unique seasonal patterns more ***,results demonstrate that the Informer model outperformed other transformer-based models,achievingmean square error(MSE)values of 0.1404 and 0.1445 for forecast windows(15,7)and(30,15),*** Vanilla Transformer also showed strong performance,closely following the *** findings suggest that the proposed optimized window-sizing approach,combined with transformer-based architectures,is highly effective for ETo *** novel strategy has the potential to be adapted in othermultivariate time-series forecasting tasks that require seasonality-sensitive approaches.

关键词： Reference evapotranspiration ETo transformer informer autoformer FEDformer timeseries forecasting self-attention

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Optimizing Crop Yields with Multilayer Perceptrons: A Data-Driven Approach 8

Optimizing Crop Yields with Multilayer Perceptrons: A Data-D...

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8th International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control, ICISC 202

作者： Nivetha, N. Usharani, S. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Villupuram India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Villupuram India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386578

Precision agriculture has become a major change in crop farming. It utilises cutting-edge technologies to maximise field-level management. Precision agriculture has completely transformed crop production by leveraging the latest developments to maximize field-level management. Predicting crop yields with accuracy helps farmers reduce their environmental impact, increase productivity, and make well-informed decisions. Accurate and timely insights are frequently lacking in traditional agricultural yield prediction approaches. The study offers a deep learning method for precisely predicting agricultural yields. Accurate crop yield forecasts assist farmers in minimizing their negative environmental effects, boosting productivity, and making educated choices. However, there are many obstacles because conventional agricultural yield prediction methods frequently need more timely and precise insights. Despite their success, several challenges still exist. These include handling heterogeneous data, dealing with missing values, and the complexity of capturing non-linear relationships in the data. To determine whether decision trees or Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP) are ideal in crop yield prediction, these models are compared with each other. Multi-layer perceptrons (MLP) are prominent among these techniques. Even though the MLP model was more accurate, decision trees also are relevant to the prediction process. This means have the capability of understanding multi-layer intra-data intricacies through their structure whereas decision trees may overfit on noisy data or grow too deep hence leading to many splits also known as being bushy unless they are pruned to reduce this bushiness. The study suggests a novel method for predicting agricultural productivity using a Machine learning model Decision Tree and Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP). A web interface is also created to enable smooth communication with the prediction model. Through the usage of this interface, farmers and agr

关键词： Prediction models

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SparrowVQE: Visual Question Explanation for Course Content Understanding

SparrowVQE: Visual Question Explanation for Course Content U...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, BigData 2024

作者： Li, Jialu Thota, Manish Kumar Gokhman, Ruslan Holik, Radek Zhang, Youshan Yeshiva University Artificial Intelligence Graduate Computer Science and Engineering Department NY United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350362480

Visual Question Answering (VQA) research seeks to create AI systems to answer natural language questions in images, yet VQA methods often yield overly simplistic and short answers. This paper aims to advance the field by introducing Visual Question Explanation (VQE), which enhances the ability of VQA to provide detailed explanations rather than brief responses and address the need for more complex interaction with visual content. We first created an MLVQE dataset from a 14-week streamed video machine learning course, including 885 slide images, 110,407 words of transcripts, and 9,416 designed question-answer (QA) pairs. Next, we proposed a novel SparrowVQE, a small 3 billion parameters multimodal model. We trained our model with a three-stage training mechanism consisting of multimodal pre-training (slide images and transcripts feature alignment), instruction tuning (tuning the pre-trained model with transcripts and QA pairs), and domain fine-tuning (fine-tuning slide image and QA pairs). Eventually, our SparrowVQE can understand and connect visual information using the SigLIP model with transcripts using the Phi-2 language model with an MLP adapter. Experimental results demonstrate that our SparrowVQE achieves better performance in our developed MLVQE dataset and outperforms state-of-the-art methods in the other five benchmark VQA datasets. The source code is available at https://***/rrymn/SparrowVQE. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Curricula

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360° High-Resolution Depth Estimation via Uncertainty-Aware Structural Knowledge Transfer

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on artificial intelligence 2024年第11期5卷 5392-5402页

作者： Cao, Zidong Ai, Hao Vasilakos, Athanasios V. Wang, Lin Grimstad4604 Norway Artificial Intelligence Thrust Guangzhou511453 China HKUST Department of Computer Science and Engineering SAR Hong Kong999077 Hong Kong

To predict high-resolution (HR) omnidirectional depth maps, existing methods typically leverage HR omnidirectional image (ODI) as the input via fully supervised learning. However, in practice, taking HR ODI as input is undesired due to resource-constrained devices. In addition, depth maps are often with lower resolution than color images. Therefore, in this article, we explore for the first time to estimate the HR omnidirectional depth directly from a low-resolution (LR) ODI, when no HR depth ground truth (GT) map is available. Our key idea is to transfer the scene structural knowledge from the HR image modality and the corresponding LR depth maps to achieve the goal of HR depth estimation without any extra inference cost. Specifically, we introduce ODI super-resolution (SR) as an auxiliary task and train both tasks collaboratively in a weakly supervised manner to boost the performance of HR depth estimation. The ODI SR task extracts the scene structural knowledge via uncertainty estimation. Buttressed by this, a scene structural knowledge transfer (SSKT) module is proposed with two key components. First, we employ a cylindrical implicit interpolation function (CIIF) to learn cylindrical neural interpolation weights for feature up-sampling and share the parameters of CIIFs between the two tasks. Then, we propose a feature distillation (FD) loss that provides extra structural regularization to help the HR depth estimation task learn more scene structural knowledge. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our weakly supervised method outperforms baseline methods, and even achieves comparable performance with the fully supervised methods. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Supervised learning

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Eliciting Instruction-tuned Code Language Models' Capabilities to Utilize Auxiliary Function for Code Generation

Eliciting Instruction-tuned Code Language Models' Capabiliti...

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2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2024

作者： Lee, Seonghyeon Kim, Suyeon Jang, Joonwon Chon, Heejae Lee, Dongha Yu, Hwanjo Department of Computer Science and Engineering POSTECH Pohang Korea Republic of Department of Artificial Intelligence POSTECH Pohang Korea Republic of Department of Artificial Intelligence Yonsei University Seoul Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761681

We study the code generation behavior of instruction-tuned models built on top of code pre-trained language models when they could access an auxiliary function to implement a function. We design several ways to provide auxiliary functions to the models by adding them to the query or providing a response prefix to incorporate the ability to utilize auxiliary functions with the instruction-following capability. Our experimental results show the effectiveness of combining the base models' auxiliary function utilization ability with the instruction following ability. In particular, the performance of adopting our approaches with the open-sourced language models surpasses that of the recent powerful proprietary language models, i.e., gpt-4o. © 2024 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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