computers have been employed within the field of education for many years, often with disappointing results. However, recent and current research within the field of artificial intelligence (ai) is having a positive i...
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computers have been employed within the field of education for many years, often with disappointing results. However, recent and current research within the field of artificial intelligence (ai) is having a positive impact on educational applications. For example, there now exist ICai (intelligent computer-assisted instruction) systems to teach or tutor many different subjects; several such systems are discussed herein. In addition to Cai (computer-assisted instruction) systems, we discuss the development of learning environments that are designed to facilitate student-initiated learning. A third major application is the use of expert systems to assist with educational diagnosis and assessment. During the course of our discussion of these three major application areas, we indicate where ai has already played a major role in the development of such systems and where further research is required in order to overcome current limitations.
We show how one can add negation and disjunction to Prolog, with the property that there is no overhead in run time if we do not use the negation, and we only pay for the negation when we actually use it. The extensio...
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If one desires that an automatic theory formation program detect inconsistency in a set of hypotheses, the Horn clause logic of Prolog is unsuitable as no contradiction is derivable. Full first order logic provides a ...
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Neural network research depends on convergence and learning characteristics traditionally derived from error measures. Recent studies have attempted more direct extraction of knowledge from a network, but they require...
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Neural network research depends on convergence and learning characteristics traditionally derived from error measures. Recent studies have attempted more direct extraction of knowledge from a network, but they require control of the training process. We show how Boolean information may be extracted and measured efficiently from a neuron's internal representation. The information measure is compared with training error by observing twelve-input three-layer networks during multiple training runs. The experiment indicates a natural termination point for training by backpropagation.
ThisvolumeconstitutestheproceedingsoftheSixthInternationalConferenceon Flexible Query Answering Systems, FQAS 2004, held in Lyon, France, on June 24–26, 2004. FQAS is the premier conference for researchers and practi...
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ISBN:
(数字)9783540259572
ISBN:
(纸本)9783540221609
ThisvolumeconstitutestheproceedingsoftheSixthInternationalConferenceon Flexible Query Answering Systems, FQAS 2004, held in Lyon, France, on June 24–26, 2004. FQAS is the premier conference for researchers and practitioners concerned with the vital task of providing easy, ?exible, and intuitive access to information for every type of need. This multidisciplinary conference draws on several research areas, including databases, information retrieval, knowledge representation, soft computing, multimedia, and human-computer interaction. With FQAS 2004, the FQAS conference series celebrated its tenth anniversary as it has been held every two years since 1994. The overall theme of the FQAS conferences is innovative query systems aimed at providing easy, ?exible, and intuitive access to information. Such systems are intended to facilitate retrieval from information repositories such as databases, libraries, and the Web. These repositories are typically equipped with standard query systems that are often inadequate for users. The focus of FQAS is the development of query systems that are more expressive, informative, cooperative, productive, and intuitive to use.
This volume contains selected and thoroughly revised papers plus contributions from invited speakers presented at the First International Workshop on C- straint Solving and Language Processing, held in Roskilde, Denma...
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ISBN:
(数字)9783540319283
ISBN:
(纸本)9783540261650
This volume contains selected and thoroughly revised papers plus contributions from invited speakers presented at the First International Workshop on C- straint Solving and Language Processing, held in Roskilde, Denmark, September 1–3, 2004. Constraint programming and Constraint Solving, in particular Constraint logicprogramming, appear to be a very promising platform, perhaps the most promising present platform, for bringing forward the state of the art in natural language processing, this due to the naturalness in speci?cation and the direct relation to e?cient implementation. Language, in the present context, may - fer to written and spoken language, formal and semiformal language, and even general input data to multimodal and pervasive systems, which can be handled in very much the same ways using constraint programming. The notion of constraints, with slightly di?ering meanings, apply in the ch- acterization of linguistic and cognitive phenomena, in formalized linguistic m- els as well as in implementation-oriented frameworks. programming techniques for constraint solving have been, and still are, in a period with rapid devel- ment of new e?cient methods and paradigms from which language processing can pro?t. A common metaphor for human language processing is one big c- straintsolvingprocessinwhichthedi?erent(-lyspeci?ed)linguisticandcognitive phases take place in parallel and with mutual cooperation, which ?ts quite well with current constraint programming paradigms.
The development of an environmental decision support system (EDSS) by means of two different aims to support the operators' decisions in the drinking water treatment plant (DWTP), equipped with the biggest electro...
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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on Methodologies for Intelligent Systems, ISMIS 2014, held in Roskilde, Denmark, in June 2014. The 61 revised full papers were careful...
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ISBN:
(数字)9783319083261
ISBN:
(纸本)9783319083254
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on Methodologies for Intelligent Systems, ISMIS 2014, held in Roskilde, Denmark, in June 2014. The 61 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 111 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on complex networks and data stream mining; data mining methods; intelligent systems applications; knowledge representation in databases and systems; textual data analysis and mining; special session: challenges in text mining and semantic information retrieval; special session: warehousing and OLAPing complex, spatial and spatio-temporal data; ISMIS posters.
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