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FIELD-EVALUATION OF A sLIm-HOLE BOREHOLE INDUCTION TOOL

GROUND WATER mONITORING AND REmEDIATION 1989年第1期9卷 100-104页

作者： TAYLOR, KC HEss, JW mAZZELA, A Dr. Kendrick Taylor was awarded a doctorate in hydrogeology from the University of Nevada at Reno in 1987. He holds an M.S. and a B.S. from the University of Wisconsin and Colorado School of Mines respectively. His current research interest is the development of geophysical methods for hydrologic applications. In addition to his position at the Desert Research Institute (Water Resources Center P.O. Box 60220 Reno NV89506) he instructs a course in hydrogeophysics at the University of Nevada at Reno. Dr. Aldo Mazzella received a B.A. in physics from Pomona College an MS. in physics from the University of Maryland and a Ph.D. in engineering geoscience from the University of California Berkeley (1976). He worked four years in the Institute of Fluid Dynamics and Applied Mathematics at the University of Maryland and five years at Physics International Co. on equation of state and fluid dynamics projects. He was founder and president of Terraphysics Co. for 11 years a company specializing in geophysical research and exploration for geothermal minerals and ground water. In 1985 he joined the US. EPA Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory Subsurface Monitoring Branch (P.O. Box 93478 Las Vegas NV 89193-3478). He is a project officer on a wide variety of geophysical research and technical support projects for detection of subsurface contaminations and ground water investigations. Dr. John Hess received his B.S. in geophysics and his Ph.D. in hydrogeology from the Pennsylvania State University in 1969 and 1974 respectively. He has been with the Water Resources Center Desert Research Institute University of Nevada System (2505 Chandler Ave. Suite 1 Las Vegas NV 89512) for the past 14 years. Currently he is the deputy executive director and a research professor. He holds a joint appointment in the Geosciences Department at the University of Nevada Las Vegas. Research interests include isotope hydrogeology aqueous geochemistry karst hydrology and ground water sampling.

The Geonics Em-39 borehole induction tool was field tested to evaluate its performance under controlled conditions. The effects of temperature changes and borehole fluids were found to be negligible under m.s. conditions. The instrument can be calibrated in large bodies of water of known electrical conductivity. When properly calibrated, the ± 5 percent accuracy claimed by the manufacturer is obtainable. A geologic unit m.s. be at least 4m thick for the electrical conductivity of the unit to be accurately measured. Geologic units thinner than 4m thick can be detected if the conductivity contrast to adjacent units is sufficiently large.

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NEW TECHNOLOGY IN OIL CONTENT mONITORs

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NAVAL ENGINEERs JOURNAL 1989年第2期101卷 48-55页

作者： NARDELLA, JA RAW, TT sTOKEs, GH John A. Nardella is the life-cycle manager for oil content monitor equipment for the Naval Sea Systems Command Washington D.C. He has an M.S. degree in chemical engineering from the Pennsylvania State University and is a licensed professional engineer in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Dr. Timothy T. Raw is the principal investigator responsible for the oil contamination monitor project. He has a doctorate in physical chemistry from Rensselear Polytechnical Institute and a B.A. in chemistry and computer science from Saint Louis University. Dr. Raw is currently a staff member at Anheuser Busch Inc. in Saint Louis. Dr. Grant H. Stokes is responsible for the technical management of Geo-Centers Inc. Boston operation. He has doctorate and M. S. degrees in physics from Princeton University and a B.A. from Colorado College. Previous to joining Geo-Centers Inc. he was a staff member in the Laser Fusion Program at Los Alamos National Laboratory.

International antipollution requirements have been legislated to regulate the oil content of bilge effluent from.s.ips. In response to these standards, the U.s. Navy is currently in the process of installing pollution abatement equipment on all vessels. The equipment will consist of an oil-water separator in the bilge discharge line, followed by an oil content monitor which makes the final decision on whether or not the water is clean enough to be pumped overboard. The monitor is required to make a real-time measurement of oil concentration in the range 15 ± 5 to 100 ± 20 ppm for flow rates up to 50 gal/min. and possibly in the presence of interfering contaminants, such as rust. This paper presents the results of the current effort to develop a monitor which satisfies all of these requirements and is sufficiently rugged for fleet deployment. The monitor under development employs two fiber optic systems and a small microprocessor. The first optical system measures the concentration of particles in the flow as a function of their sizes, using small angle forward scattering. The second determines what percentage of the particles in the flow are oil, using large angle scattering. The microprocessor takes the data from the two optical systems and calculates the oil concentration in the flow. since the particle size is measured by the monitor, no sample preparation is required and the monitor may be placed directly in the discharge line where it responds to changes in oil content in less than one second. In addition, this monitor can notify the operator of impending oil-water separator failure associated with passing large oil particles. A demonstration monitor consisting of the forward scattering unit has been successfully tested at the Navsea oil pollution abatement test facility at the Naval ship systems Engineering station at Philadelphia. The monitor agrees well with chemical means of measuring oil content. Results of this comparison and laboratory test of a prototyp

关键词： Water Pollution

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THE QUANTIFICATION OF INTEROPERABILITY

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NAVAL ENGINEERs JOURNAL 1989年第3期101卷 251-256页

作者： mENsH, DR KITE, Rs DARBY, PH Dennis Roy Mensh:is currently the task leader Interoperability Project with the MITRE Corporation in McLean Va. He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in applied physics from Loyola College in Baltimore Md. and the American University in Washington D. C. He also has completed his course work towards his Ph.D. degree in computer science specializing in the fields of systems analysis and computer simulation. He has been employed by the Naval Surface Warfare Center White Oak Laboratory Silver Spring Md. for 20 years in the areas of weapon system analysis and the development of weapon systems simulations. Since 1978 he has been involved in the development of tools and methodologies that can be applied to the solution of shipboard combat system/battle force system architecture and engineering problems. Mr. Mensh is a member of ASNE MORS IEEE U.S. Naval Institute MAA and the Sigma Xi Research Society. Robert S. Kite:is a systems engineer with the Naval Warfare Systems Engineering Department of the MITRE Corporation in McLean Va. Mr. Kite received his B.S. degree in electronic engineering from The Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore Md. Mr. Kite retired from the Federal Communications Commission in 1979 and served a project manager of the J-12 Frequency Management Support Project for the Illinois Institute of Technology Research Institute in Annapolis Md. before joining MITRE. Mr. Kite is presently a member of ASNE the Military Operations Research Society and an associate member of Sigma Xi. Paul H. Darby:has worked in the field of interoperability both in the development of interoperability concepts and systems since joining the Department of the Navy in 1967. He was the Navy's program manager for the WestPacNorth TACS/ TADS and IFFN systems. He is currently head of the Interoperability Branch Warfare Systems Engineering Office Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command. He holds a B.S. from the U.S. Naval Academy.

JCs Pub 1 defines interoperability as “The ability of systems, units or forces to provide services to and accept services from other systems, units or forces and to use the services so exchanged to enable them to operate effectively together.” With JCs Pub 1 as a foundation, interoperability of systems, units or forces can be factored into a set of components that can quantify interoperability. These components are: media, languages, standards, requirements, environment, procedures, and human factors. The concept described in this paper uses these components as an analysis tool to enable specific detailed analyses of the interoperability of BFC3 systems, units, or forces for the purpose of uncovering and resolving interoperability issues and problems in the U.s. Navy, Joint, and Allied arenas. Also, as a management tool, the components can help determine potential interoperability characteristics of future U.s. Navy BFC3 systems for compliance with battle force systems architectures. The approach selected for the quantification of interoperability was the development of a set of measures of performance (mOPs) and measures of effectiveness (mOEs). The mOPs/mOEs were integrated with a candidate set of components, which were used to partition the totality of interoperability into measurable entities. The methodology described employs basic truth table theory in conjunction with logic equations to evaluate the interoperability components in terms of mOPs that were aggregated to mOEs. It is believed that this concept, although elementary and based on fundamental principles, represents an operationally significant approach rather than a theoretical approach to the quantification of interoperability. The vehicle used as a means to measure the mOPs and mOEs was the Research Evaluation and systems Analysis (REsA) computer modeling and simulation capability at the Naval Ocean systems Center (NOsC), san Diego, Calif. Data for the measurements were collected during a Tactical I

关键词： military Engineering

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sTUDY OF THERmAL GLOW CURVEs OF KC1-BA EXPOsED TO DIFFERENT RADIATIONs

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JOURNAL OF LUmINEsCENCE 1988年第C期40-1卷 852-853页

作者： AKOLEKAR, ms JOsHI, TR JOsHI, RV PRAsAD, LHH DHAKE, KP Applied Physics Department Faculty of Technology and Engineering M.S. University of Baroda Baroda 390 001 India

Examination of the KC1: Ba glow curves after thermal pretreatment and exposure to different radiations sheds adequate light on the nature of the associated thermoluminescene centres.

关键词： POTAssIUm COmPOUNDs

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TRIBOTHERmOLUmINEsCENCE IN NACL-CA (T) DOsImETRY mATERIAL

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JOURNAL OF LUmINEsCENCE 1988年第C期40-1卷 854-855页

作者： NEHATE, AK DHAKE, KP JOsHI, TR Applied Physics Department Faculty of Technology and Engineering M.S. University of Baroda Baroda 390 001 India

Previously reported NaC1: Ca dosimetry material is discussed for its spurious thermoluminescence. The spurious TL is shown to have no influence on UV dosimetry measurements.

关键词： sODIUm CHLORIDE

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sTATIsTICAL IssUEs AND PROBLEms IN GROUND-WATER DETECTION mONITORING AT HAZARDOUs-WAsTE FACILITIEs

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GROUND WATER mONITORING AND REmEDIATION 1988年第4期8卷 135-150页

作者： mCNICHOLs, RJ DAVIs, CB Roger J. McNichols is a professor of industrial engineering at the University of Toledo (Department of Industrial Engineering University of Toledo Toledo OH 43606). After receiving his Ph.D in industrial engineering from The Ohio State University he joined the faculty of Texas A and M University where he directed the Maintainability Engineering Graduate Program at Red River Army Depot. At UT he has served as associate dean of engineering and as chairman of the Systems engineering doctoral program. His research and consulting interests include reliability quality control manufacturing mathematical modeling and applied statistics. Charles B. Davis is an associate professor of mathematics at the University of Toledo (Department of Mathematics University of Toledo Toledo OH 43606). After receiving his M.S. in mathematics and statistics and his Ph.D. in statistics from the University of New Mexico he joined the Mathematics Department at UT where he established the graduate program in statistics. His research and consulting interests include statistical modeling statistical computation simultaneous inference and data analysis.

Ground water monitoring presents interesting statistical challenges, including controlling the risk of entering compliance monitoring, incorporating all modes of inherent variability into the statistical model on which tests are based, and taming the detection limit problem, all while maintaining demonstrable sensitivity to real contamination. some of these challenges exceed textbook statistics considerably, even when considered alone, and good solutions are scarce. When these challenges are combined, the task of developing good statistical procedures or good regulations can be formidable. This article presents a number of realities of ground water monitoring that should be considered when developing statistical procedures. Recommendations made for addressing these realities include the following: (1) the false positive rate should be controlled on a facility-wide basis, rather than per well or per parameter as required in the proposed regulation (40 CFR §264); (2) multiple comparisons with control procedures are preferable to analysis of variance (ANOVA) for controlling the overall false positive rate; (3) retests can be made an explicit part of the statistical procedure in order to increase power and decrease sensitivity to distribution shape assumptions; (4) commonly used simple methods of handling below detection limit data with parametric tests, including Cohen's procedure as implemented in the U.s. EPA's Technical Enforcement Guidance Document (TEGD), should probably be avoided; (5) the statistical properties of practical quantitation limits for non-naturally occurring compounds should be studied carefully; and (6) so long as the facility-wide false positive rate is controlled, better sensitivity to real contamination is obtained by monitoring fewer well-chosen parameters at a smaller number of well-chosen locations. An evaluation of the proposed revised §264 regulation with respect to these realities reveals that it seems to be a definite improvement over the

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CONTAmINATION OF FARmsTEAD WELLs BY PEsTICIDEs, VOLATILE ORGANICs, AND INORGANIC CHEmICALs IN KANsAs

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GROUND WATER mONITORING AND REmEDIATION 1988年第3期8卷 153-160页

作者： sTEICHEN, J KOELLIKER, J GROsH, D HEImAN, A YEAROUT, R ROBBINs, V Dr. James M. Steichen is professor of agricultural engineering at Kansas State University (Agricultural Engineering Department Seaton Hall Manhattan KS 66506). He joined the faculty at KSU in 1978. His responsibilities are teaching and research in soil and water conservation and water quality. He holds B.S. and Ph.D. degrees in agricultural engineering front Oklahoma State University. He has authored numerous articles papers and extensive publications on hydrology water quality and soil conservation planning. Dr. Doris L. Grosh is a professor of industrial engineering and statistics at Kansas State University (Industrial Engineering & Statistics Departments Manhattan KS 66506). Her responsibilities include administration teaching and research. Her major fields of interest are applied statistics reliability and operations research. She is the author of a book A Primer of Reliability Theory. She majored in mathematics and physics earning a B.S. from the University of Chicago and an M.S. and Ph.D in statistics from Kansas State University. Alan Heiman has been a soil conservationist with the U.S. Soil Conservation Service (122 W. Main Beloit KS 67420) since 1987. He has earned B.S. and M.S. degrees in agricultural mechanization at Kansas State University. Robert D. Yearout received a Ph.D. in industrial engineering at Kansas State University in 1987. He has just finished his first year teaching industrial and engineering management at the University of North Carolina-Asheville (One University Heights Asheville NC 28804). Dr. James K. Koelliker is professor of civil engineering at Kansas State University (Manhattan KS 66506). His teaching and research are in the areas of water resources Systems with emphasis on agricultural water management and the effects of agriculture on water quality. He graduated from Kansas State University in 1967 with a B.S. in agricultural engineering. He received an M.S. in water resources and a Ph.D. in engineering from lowa State University. He has been on the faculty o

Concern about the public health consequences of possible contamination of farmstead wells led to a random.s.atewide survey in Kansas. Results of the analyses showed that 8 percent of tested wells had detectable amounts of pesticides, 2 percent had detectable amounts of volatile organic chemicals, and 37 percent had some inorganic contaminant exceeding the maximum contaminant level (mCL). Nitrate was the m.s. common source of inorganic contamination, exceeding the mCL in 28 percent of the wells. selenium levels exceeded the mCL in 9 percent of the wells. A multiple regression model for nitrate-N was developed. The factors included the age of the well, land use around the well, and the distance to the closest possible source of organic contamination.

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sURFACE sHIP COmBAT sYsTEm UPGRADE ENGINEERING

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NAVAL ENGINEERs JOURNAL 1988年第3期100卷 180-193页

作者： HOLDEN, RA The author is a physicist in the Systems Engineering Branch Aegis Ship Combat Systems Division at the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC). He received a B.S. degree in physics and mathematics from Arkansas Polytechnic College in 1965 attended graduate school at Southern Illinois University and University of Illinois receiving a M.S. degree in physics in 1967. He was an electro optics engineer for Delco Electronics before joining NSWC in 1972. He worked as a physicist in naval weapons guidance and control technology from 1972 until joining the Aegis shipbuilding program in 1983. Currently he serves as a combat system engineering group leader supporting the Aegis Program Office (NSWC). In this position he is responsible for a task supporting the Aegis Project Office (PMS-400) for present and planned combat system R&D.

Construction of new ships is typically limited to a rate of two to five per year. The lead ship of a class requires several years for design and construction and follow-on ships are completed at the typical production rate. The total time period to complete a class of multim.s.ion surface combatants is fifteen to twenty years. As ships are constructed the combat system gradually falls behind in warfighting capability and may be changed piecemeal in an attempt to keep pace with the advancing threat. Piecemeal changes are costly and create a proliferation of equipments and configurations. An acquisition strategy is described which avoids the annual capability upgrades but provides introduction of state-of-the-art technology at preplanned points in the building program. This will insure maximum commonality and modernization. Defining preplanned combat system upgrades consists of engineering conceptual systems as a departure from real systems under development. For modern integrated combat systems such as Aegis this requires evaluating all changes in terms of total impact on the functional and physical characteristics of the system. This paper describes an approach which defines combat system configurations as baselines and periodically evaluates emerging technology to define new baseline configurations. The configurations defined in this manner insure maximum commonality among ships of the class and still maintains warfighting capability.

关键词： NAVAL VEssELs

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static hazards of drum filling. II. Electrostatic models: Theory and experiment

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Process safety Progress 1988年第1期7卷 63-78页

作者： Laurence G. Britton Jack A. smith Larry Britton earned BS and PhD degrees in Fuel and Combustion Science at Leeds University England. After four years as Research Fellow in Applied Electrostatics at Southampton University he joined Union Carbide's Safety Research Laboratory in 1981 and is currently a Project Scientist. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Energy a Member of AIChE and the Combustion Institute and is a Chartered Engineer in the UK. He was cowinner of the AIChE “Bill Doyle” Award in 1987. Larry serves on the “Classification and Properties of Flammable Liquids” and “Properties of Hazardous Chemicals” committees of the NFPA. Jack Smith is a staff engineer for the Applied Mathematics and Process Simulation group of Central Research and Engineering at Union Carbide specializing in software development for engineering workstations and computational chemistry. He holds M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Florida in chemical physics and a B.S. from Purdue University in chemistry and mathematics.

For drum filling, a demarcation of 50 ps/m (below which a liquid may accumulate hazardous static in a grounded drum) is conservative and takes account of the effects of temperature and/or charge density on relaxation rate. The worst-case conductivity as regards static accumulation rate is about 0.5 ps/m, but in practice this should not correspond to the worst-case charge generation rate. Published forms of the schon equation are not conservative for smooth-bore pipes and hoses; a new equation is proposed. Certain rough-bore hoses containing an inner grounding spiral can generate alm.s. as much charge as a microfilter. Theory and experiment are discussed with reference to published Codes and Guidelines; attention is given to filter placement and drum linings.

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ROCKET mOTOR DEsIGN FOR UNDERWATER sHOCK

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NAVAL ENGINEERs JOURNAL 1988年第3期100卷 215-225页

作者： YAGLA, JJ The authorreceived his B.A. degree in science (physics) from the Slate College of Iowa in 1965. He received his M.S. degree in engineering mechanics in 1968 and his Ph.D. in aerospace engineering and engineering science in 1981 from Arizona State University. He has done analytical and experimental research in the field of weapons blast and dynamical response since 1965 at the Naval Surface Warfare Center in Dahlgren Virginia. As a supervisory research mechanical engineer he was previously head of the Physical Response Analysis Branch Blast Effects Branch and Ship Engineering Branch. Dr. Yagla is the test development agent and was test conductor for the gun and missile structural test firings in USSIowaclass battleships. He is a consultant to the Naval Sea Systems Command battleship combat system engineer and the Naval Air Systems Command Cruise Missile Project for blast and structural response. He has been involved in the development of Standard missile and its launching systems since 1969. He participated in the design of shock tests for the Mk 104 rocket motor and analyzed the data. He is presently analyzing shock and vibration problems for the Standard Missile Program Office.

Naval ships and equipment are designed to survive underwater shock. The underwater shock can result from a nearby explosion of a bomb or m.s.ile, or the underwater detonation of a nuclear weapon. The shock wave travels through the water and applies an impulsive pressure load to the ship. The ship responds by a sudden acceleration in a direction up and away from the explosion. The motion of the ship is imparted to its weapons and equipment. In the case of standard m.s.ile, impulsive loads are applied to the m.s.iles stowed in the magazines. The evolutionary design of rocket motor chambers and launch shoes for standard m.s.ile for underwater shock is traced from the early Tartar m.s.ile to the latest version of standard m.s.ile. As the weight of the m.s.ile has increased and the performance requirements have become more demanding, the design of the weapon for underwater shock has become more difficult. The paper explains the design approaches and techniques. Theoretical and experimental methods have been required. Finally, the paper highlights the experiences and problems in conducting underwater shock experiments with production systems in ships at sea.

关键词： WARsHIPs

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