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Search for Baryon Number Violation in Top Quark Production and Decay Using Proton-Proton Collisions at s=13 TeV

Physical Review Letters 2024年第24期132卷 241802-241802页

作者： A. Hayrapetyan A. Tumasyan W. Adam J. W. Andrejkovic T. Bergauer S. Chatterjee K. Damanakis m. Dragicevic P. S. Hussain m. Jeitler N. Krammer A. Li D. Liko I. mikulec J. Schieck R. Schöfbeck D. Schwarz m. Sonawane S. Templ W. Waltenberger C.-E. Wulz m. R. Darwish T. Janssen P. Van mechelen E. S. Bols J. D’Hondt S. Dansana A. De moor m. Delcourt S. Lowette I. makarenko D. müller S. Tavernier m. Tytgat G. P. Van Onsem S. Van Putte D. Vannerom B. Clerbaux A. K. Das G. De Lentdecker H. Evard L. Favart P. Gianneios D. Hohov J. Jaramillo A. Khalilzadeh F. A. Khan K. Lee m. mahdavikhorrami A. malara S. Paredes L. Thomas m. Vanden Bemden C. Vander Velde P. Vanlaer m. De Coen D. Dobur Y. Hong J. Knolle L. Lambrecht G. mestdach K. mota Amarilo C. Rendón A. Samalan K. Skovpen N. Van Den Bossche J. van der Linden L. Wezenbeek A. Benecke A. Bethani G. Bruno C. Caputo C. Delaere I. S. Donertas A. Giammanco Sa. Jain V. Lemaitre J. Lidrych P. mastrapasqua T. T. Tran S. Wertz G. A. Alves E. Coelho C. Hensel T. menezes De Oliveira A. moraes P. Rebello Teles m. Soeiro W. L. Aldá Júnior m. Alves Gallo Pereira m. Barroso Ferreira Filho H. Brandao malbouisson W. Carvalho J. Chinellato E. m. Da Costa G. G. Da Silveira D. De Jesus Damiao S. Fonseca De Souza R. Gomes De Souza J. martins C. mora Herrera L. mundim H. Nogima J. P. Pinheiro A. Santoro A. Sznajder m. Thiel A. Vilela Pereira C. A. Bernardes L. Calligaris T. R. Fernandez Perez Tomei E. m. Gregores P. G. mercadante S. F. Novaes B. Orzari Sandra S. Padula A. Aleksandrov G. Antchev R. Hadjiiska P. Iaydjiev m. misheva m. Shopova G. Sultanov A. Dimitrov L. Litov B. Pavlov P. Petkov A. Petrov E. Shumka S. Keshri S. Thakur T. Cheng T. Javaid L. Yuan Z. Hu J. Liu K. Yi G. m. Chen H. S. Chen m. Chen F. Iemmi C. H. Jiang A. Kapoor H. Liao Z.-A. Liu R. Sharma J. N. Song J. Tao C. Wang J. Wang Z. Wang H. Zhang A. Agapitos Y. Ban A. Levin C. Li Q. Li Y. mao S. J. Qian X. Sun D. Wang H. Yang L. Zhang C. Zhou Z. You K. Jaffel N. Lu G. Bauer X. Gao Z. Lin C. Lu m. Xiao C. Avila D. A. Barbosa T Yerevan Physics Institute Yerevan Armenia Institut für Hochenergiephysik Vienna Austria Indian Institute of Technology Madras Madras India Universiteit Antwerpen Antwerpen Belgium Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussel Belgium Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium Korea University Seoul Korea Ghent University Ghent Belgium Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Federal do ABC São Paulo Brazil Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria University of Sofia Sofia Bulgaria Instituto De Alta Investigación Universidad de Tarapacá Casilla 7 D Arica Chile Beihang University Beijing China Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing China Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing China California Institute of Technology Pasadena California USA University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing China Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China Institute of Modern Physics and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE) - Fudan University Shanghai China Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China Universidad de Los Andes Bogota Colombia Universidad de Antioquia Medellin Colombia University of Split Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture Split Croatia University of Split Faculty of Science Split Croatia Institute Rudjer Boskovic Zagreb Croatia University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus Charles University Prague Czech Republic Escuela Politecnica Nacional Quito Ecuador Universidad San Francisco de Quito Quito Ecuad

A search is presented for baryon number violating interactions in top quark production and decay. The analysis uses data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected with the CmS detector at the LHC with an integrated luminosity of 138 fb−1. Candidate events are selected by requiring two oppositely charged leptons (electrons or muons) and exactly one jet identified as originating from a bottom quark. multivariate discriminants are used to separate the signal from the background. No significant deviation from the standard model prediction is observed. Upper limits are placed on the strength of baryon number violating couplings. For the first time the production of single top quarks via baryon number violating interactions is studied. This allows the search to set the most stringent constraints to date on the branching fraction of the top quark decay to a lepton, an up-type quark (u or c), and a down-type quark (d, s, or b). The results improve the previous bounds by 3 to 6 orders of magnitude based on the fermion flavor combination of the baryon number violating interactions.

关键词： Effective field theory Hypothetical particle physics models Top quark Baryon & lepton number symmetries Hadron colliders

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Observation of the ϒ(3S) meson and Suppression of ϒ States in Pb-Pb Collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV

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Physical Review Letters 2024年第2期133卷 022302-022302页

作者： A. Tumasyan W. Adam J. W. Andrejkovic T. Bergauer S. Chatterjee K. Damanakis m. Dragicevic A. Escalante Del Valle P. S. Hussain m. Jeitler N. Krammer L. Lechner D. Liko I. mikulec P. Paulitsch F. m. Pitters J. Schieck R. Schöfbeck D. Schwarz S. Templ W. Waltenberger C.-E. Wulz m. R. Darwish T. Janssen T. Kello H. Rejeb Sfar P. Van mechelen E. S. Bols J. D’Hondt A. De moor m. Delcourt H. El Faham S. Lowette S. moortgat A. morton D. müller A. R. Sahasransu S. Tavernier W. Van Doninck D. Vannerom B. Clerbaux G. De Lentdecker L. Favart D. Hohov J. Jaramillo K. Lee m. mahdavikhorrami I. makarenko A. malara S. Paredes L. Pétré N. Postiau L. Thomas m. Vanden Bemden C. Vander Velde P. Vanlaer D. Dobur J. Knolle L. Lambrecht G. mestdach m. Niedziela C. Rendón C. Roskas A. Samalan K. Skovpen m. Tytgat N. Van Den Bossche B. Vermassen L. Wezenbeek A. Benecke G. Bruno F. Bury C. Caputo P. David C. Delaere I. S. Donertas A. Giammanco K. Jaffel Sa. Jain V. Lemaitre K. mondal A. Taliercio T. T. Tran P. Vischia S. Wertz G. A. Alves E. Coelho C. Hensel A. moraes P. Rebello Teles W. L. Aldá Júnior m. Alves Gallo Pereira m. Barroso Ferreira Filho H. Brandao malbouisson W. Carvalho J. Chinellato E. m. Da Costa G. G. Da Silveira D. De Jesus Damiao V. Dos Santos Sousa S. Fonseca De Souza J. martins C. mora Herrera K. mota Amarilo L. mundim H. Nogima A. Santoro S. m. Silva Do Amaral A. Sznajder m. Thiel F. Torres Da Silva De Araujo A. Vilela Pereira C. A. Bernardes L. Calligaris T. R. Fernandez Perez Tomei E. m. Gregores P. G. mercadante S. F. Novaes Sandra S. Padula A. Aleksandrov G. Antchev R. Hadjiiska P. Iaydjiev m. misheva m. Rodozov m. Shopova G. Sultanov A. Dimitrov T. Ivanov L. Litov B. Pavlov P. Petkov A. Petrov E. Shumka S. Thakur T. Cheng T. Javaid m. mittal L. Yuan m. Ahmad G. Bauer Z. Hu S. Lezki K. Yi G. m. Chen H. S. Chen m. Chen F. Iemmi C. H. Jiang A. Kapoor H. Kou H. Liao Z.-A. Liu V. milosevic F. monti R. Sharma J. Tao J. Thomas-Wilsker J. Wang H. Zhang J. Zhao A. Agapitos Y. An Y. Ban C. Chen A. Levin C. Li Q. Li X. Yerevan Physics Institute Yerevan Armenia Institut für Hochenergiephysik Vienna Austria Universiteit Antwerpen Antwerpen Belgium Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussel Belgium Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium Korea University Seoul Korea Ghent University Ghent Belgium Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Federal do ABC São Paulo Brazil Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria University of Sofia Sofia Bulgaria Instituto De Alta Investigación Universidad de Tarapacá Casilla 7 D Arica Chile Beihang University Beijing China Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing China Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing China Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing China Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China Institute of Modern Physics and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE) - Fudan University Shanghai China Rice University Houston Texas USA Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China Universidad de Los Andes Bogota Colombia Universidad de Antioquia Medellin Colombia University of Split Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture Split Croatia University of Split Faculty of Science Split Croatia Institute Rudjer Boskovic Zagreb Croatia University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus Charles University Prague Czech Republic Escuela Politecnica Nacional Quito Ecuador Universidad San Francisco de Quito Quito Ecuador Academy of Scientific Research and Technology of the Arab Republic of Egypt Egyptian Network of High Energy Physics Cairo Egypt Center for High Energy Physics (CHEP-FU) Fayoum University El-Fayoum Egypt National Institut

The production of ϒ(2S) and ϒ(3S) mesons in lead-lead (Pb-Pb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions is studied in their dimuon decay channel using the CmS detector at the LHC. The ϒ(3S) meson is observed for the first time in Pb-Pb collisions, with a significance above 5 standard deviations. The ratios of yields measured in Pb-Pb and pp collisions are reported for both the ϒ(2S) and ϒ(3S) mesons, as functions of transverse momentum and Pb-Pb collision centrality. These ratios, when appropriately scaled, are significantly less than unity, indicating a suppression of ϒ yields in Pb-Pb collisions. This suppression increases from peripheral to central Pb-Pb collisions. Furthermore, the suppression is stronger for ϒ(3S) mesons compared to ϒ(2S) mesons, extending the pattern of sequential suppression of quarkonium states in nuclear collisions previously seen for the J/ψ, ψ(2S), ϒ(1S), and ϒ(2S) mesons.

关键词： Relativistic heavy-ion collisions Bottom quark Quarkonia Hadron colliders

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Observation of Enhanced Long-Range Elliptic Anisotropies Inside High-multiplicity Jets in pp Collisions at s=13 TeV

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Physical Review Letters 2024年第14期133卷 142301页

作者： A. Hayrapetyan A. Tumasyan W. Adam J. W. Andrejkovic T. Bergauer S. Chatterjee K. Damanakis m. Dragicevic P. S. Hussain m. Jeitler N. Krammer A. Li D. Liko I. mikulec J. Schieck R. Schöfbeck D. Schwarz m. Sonawane S. Templ W. Waltenberger C.-E. Wulz m. R. Darwish T. Janssen P. Van mechelen E. S. Bols J. D’Hondt S. Dansana A. De moor m. Delcourt H. El Faham S. Lowette I. makarenko D. müller A. R. Sahasransu S. Tavernier m. Tytgat G. P. Van Onsem S. Van Putte D. Vannerom B. Clerbaux A. K. Das G. De Lentdecker L. Favart P. Gianneios D. Hohov J. Jaramillo A. Khalilzadeh K. Lee m. mahdavikhorrami A. malara S. Paredes L. Pétré N. Postiau L. Thomas m. Vanden Bemden C. Vander Velde P. Vanlaer m. De Coen D. Dobur Y. Hong J. Knolle L. Lambrecht G. mestdach K. mota Amarilo C. Rendón A. Samalan K. Skovpen N. Van Den Bossche J. van der Linden L. Wezenbeek A. Benecke A. Bethani G. Bruno C. Caputo C. Delaere I. S. Donertas A. Giammanco K. Jaffel Sa. Jain V. Lemaitre J. Lidrych P. mastrapasqua K. mondal T. T. Tran S. Wertz G. A. Alves E. Coelho C. Hensel T. menezes De Oliveira A. moraes P. Rebello Teles m. Soeiro W. L. Aldá Júnior m. Alves Gallo Pereira m. Barroso Ferreira Filho H. Brandao malbouisson W. Carvalho J. Chinellato E. m. Da Costa G. G. Da Silveira D. De Jesus Damiao S. Fonseca De Souza R. Gomes De Souza J. martins C. mora Herrera L. mundim H. Nogima J. P. Pinheiro A. Santoro A. Sznajder m. Thiel A. Vilela Pereira C. A. Bernardes L. Calligaris T. R. Fernandez Perez Tomei E. m. Gregores P. G. mercadante S. F. Novaes B. Orzari Sandra S. Padula A. Aleksandrov G. Antchev R. Hadjiiska P. Iaydjiev m. misheva m. Shopova G. Sultanov A. Dimitrov L. Litov B. Pavlov P. Petkov A. Petrov E. Shumka S. Keshri S. Thakur T. Cheng T. Javaid L. Yuan Z. Hu J. Liu K. Yi G. m. Chen H. S. Chen m. Chen F. Iemmi C. H. Jiang A. Kapoor H. Liao Z.-A. Liu R. Sharma J. N. Song J. Tao C. Wang J. Wang Z. Wang H. Zhang A. Agapitos Y. Ban A. Levin C. Li Q. Li Y. mao S. J. Qian X. Sun D. Wang H. Yang L. Zhang C. Zhou Z. You N. Lu G. Bauer X. Gao D. Leg Yerevan Physics Institute Yerevan Armenia Institut für Hochenergiephysik Vienna Austria Indian Institute of Technology Madras Madras India Universiteit Antwerpen Antwerpen Belgium Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussel Belgium Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium Korea University Seoul Korea Ghent University Ghent Belgium Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Federal do ABC São Paulo Brazil Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria University of Sofia Sofia Bulgaria Instituto De Alta Investigación Universidad de Tarapacá Casilla 7 D Arica Chile Beihang University Beijing China Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing China Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing China California Institute of Technology Pasadena California USA University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing China Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China Institute of Modern Physics and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE) - Fudan University Shanghai China Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China Universidad de Los Andes Bogota Colombia Universidad de Antioquia Medellin Colombia University of Split Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture Split Croatia University of Split Faculty of Science Split Croatia Institute Rudjer Boskovic Zagreb Croatia University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus Charles University Prague Czech Republic Escuela Politecnica Nacional Quito Ecuador Universidad San Francisco de Quito Quito Ecuad

A search for collective effects inside jets produced in proton-proton collisions is performed via correlation measurements of charged particles using the CmS detector at the CERN LHC. The analysis uses data collected at a center-of-mass energy of s=13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb−1. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-kT algorithm with a distance parameter of 0.8 and are required to have transverse momentum greater than 550 GeV and pseudorapidity |ηjet|<1.6. Two-particle correlations among the charged particles within the jets are studied as functions of the particles’ azimuthal angle and pseudorapidity separations (Δϕ* and Δη*) in a jet coordinate basis, where particles’ η*, ϕ* are defined relative to the direction of the jet. The correlation functions are studied in classes of in-jet charged-particle multiplicity up to Nchj≈100. Fourier harmonics are extracted from long-range azimuthal correlation functions to characterize azimuthal anisotropy for |Δη*|>2. For low-Nchj jets, the long-range elliptic anisotropic harmonic, v2*, is observed to decrease with Nchj. This trend is well described by monte Carlo event generators. However, a rising trend for v2* emerges at Nchj≳80, hinting at a possible onset of collective behavior, which is not reproduced by the models tested. This observation yields new insights into the dynamics of jet evolution in the vacuum.

关键词： Particle correlations & fluctuations Quark & gluon jets Relativistic heavy-ion collisions Hadron colliders

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Search for Soft Unclustered Energy Patterns in Proton-Proton Collisions at 13 TeV

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Physical Review Letters 2024年第19期133卷 191902页

作者： A. Hayrapetyan A. Tumasyan W. Adam J. W. Andrejkovic T. Bergauer S. Chatterjee K. Damanakis m. Dragicevic P. S. Hussain m. Jeitler N. Krammer A. Li D. Liko I. mikulec J. Schieck R. Schöfbeck D. Schwarz m. Sonawane S. Templ W. Waltenberger C.-E. Wulz m. R. Darwish T. Janssen P. Van mechelen N. Breugelmans J. D’Hondt S. Dansana A. De moor m. Delcourt F. Heyen S. Lowette I. makarenko D. müller S. Tavernier m. Tytgat G. P. Van Onsem S. Van Putte D. Vannerom B. Clerbaux A. K. Das G. De Lentdecker H. Evard L. Favart P. Gianneios D. Hohov J. Jaramillo A. Khalilzadeh F. A. Khan K. Lee m. mahdavikhorrami A. malara S. Paredes m. A. Shahzad L. Thomas m. Vanden Bemden C. Vander Velde P. Vanlaer m. De Coen D. Dobur G. Gokbulut Y. Hong J. Knolle L. Lambrecht D. marckx G. mestdach K. mota Amarilo A. Samalan K. Skovpen N. Van Den Bossche J. van der Linden L. Wezenbeek A. Benecke A. Bethani G. Bruno C. Caputo J. De Favereau De Jeneret C. Delaere I. S. Donertas A. Giammanco A. O. Guzel Sa. Jain V. Lemaitre J. Lidrych P. mastrapasqua T. T. Tran S. Wertz G. A. Alves m. Alves Gallo Pereira E. Coelho G. Correia Silva C. Hensel T. menezes De Oliveira A. moraes P. Rebello Teles m. Soeiro A. Vilela Pereira W. L. Aldá Júnior m. Barroso Ferreira Filho H. Brandao malbouisson W. Carvalho J. Chinellato E. m. Da Costa G. G. Da Silveira D. De Jesus Damiao S. Fonseca De Souza R. Gomes De Souza m. macedo J. martins C. mora Herrera L. mundim H. Nogima J. P. Pinheiro A. Santoro A. Sznajder m. Thiel C. A. Bernardes L. Calligaris T. R. Fernandez Perez Tomei E. m. Gregores I. maietto Silverio P. G. mercadante S. F. Novaes B. Orzari Sandra S. Padula A. Aleksandrov G. Antchev R. Hadjiiska P. Iaydjiev m. misheva m. Shopova G. Sultanov A. Dimitrov L. Litov B. Pavlov P. Petkov A. Petrov E. Shumka S. Keshri S. Thakur T. Cheng T. Javaid L. Yuan Z. Hu Z. Liang J. Liu K. Yi G. m. Chen H. S. Chen m. Chen F. Iemmi C. H. Jiang A. Kapoor H. Liao Z.-A. Liu R. Sharma J. N. Song J. Tao C. Wang J. Wang Z. Wang H. Zhang J. Zhao A. Agapitos Y. Ban S. Deng B. Guo C. Jian Yerevan Physics Institute Yerevan Armenia Institut für Hochenergiephysik Vienna Austria Indian Institute of Technology Madras Madras India Universiteit Antwerpen Antwerpen Belgium Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussel Belgium Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium Korea University Seoul Korea Ghent University Ghent Belgium Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Federal do ABC São Paulo Brazil Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria University of Sofia Sofia Bulgaria Instituto De Alta Investigación Universidad de Tarapacá Casilla 7 D Arica Chile Beihang University Beijing China Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing China Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing China California Institute of Technology Pasadena California USA University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing China Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Hamburg Germany Kyung Hee University Department of Physics Seoul Korea Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China Florida State University Tallahassee Florida USA Institute of Modern Physics and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE) - Fudan University Shanghai China Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China Universidad de Los Andes Bogota Colombia Universidad de Antioquia Medellin Colombia University of Split Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture Split Croatia University of Split Faculty of Science Split Croatia Institute Rudjer Boskovic Zagreb Croatia University of

The first search for soft unclustered energy patterns (SUEPs) is performed using an integrated luminosity of 138 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at s=13 TeV, collected in 2016–2018 by the CmS detector at the LHC. Such SUEPs are predicted by hidden valley models with a new, confining force with a large ’t Hooft coupling. In events with boosted topologies, selected by high-threshold hadronic triggers, the multiplicity and sphericity of clustered tracks are used to reject the background from standard model quantum chromodynamics. With no observed excess of events over the standard model expectation, limits are set on the cross section for production via gluon fusion of a scalar mediator with SUEP-like decays.

关键词： Hypothetical particles Hadron colliders

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measurement of the inclusive tt¯ production cross section in the lepton+jets channel in pp collisions at s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector using support vector machines

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Physical Review D 2023年第3期108卷 032014-032014页

作者： m. Aaboud G. Aad B. Abbott D. C. Abbott D. K. Abhayasinghe S. H. Abidi O. S. AbouZeid N. L. Abraham H. Abramowicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti B. S. Acharya S. Adachi L. Adam C. Adam Bourdarios L. Adamczyk L. Adamek J. Adelman m. Adersberger A. Adiguzel T. Adye A. A. Affolder Y. Afik C. Agapopoulou m. N. Agaras A. Aggarwal C. Agheorghiesei J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra F. Ahmadov G. Aielli S. Akatsuka T. P. A. Åkesson E. Akilli A. V. Akimov K. Al Khoury G. L. Alberghi J. Albert m. J. Alconada Verzini S. Alderweireldt m. Aleksa I. N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa D. Alexandre T. Alexopoulos m. Alhroob B. Ali G. Alimonti J. Alison S. P. Alkire C. Allaire B. m. m. Allbrooke B. W. Allen P. P. Allport A. Aloisio A. Alonso F. Alonso C. Alpigiani A. A. Alshehri m. I. Alstaty m. Alvarez Estevez B. Alvarez Gonzalez D. Álvarez Piqueras m. G. Alviggi Y. Amaral Coutinho A. Ambler L. Ambroz C. Amelung D. Amidei S. P. Amor Dos Santos S. Amoroso C. S. Amrouche F. An C. Anastopoulos N. Andari T. Andeen C. F. Anders J. K. Anders A. Andreazza V. Andrei C. R. Anelli S. Angelidakis I. Angelozzi A. Angerami A. V. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel m. T. Anthony m. Antonelli D. J. A. Antrim F. Anulli m. Aoki J. A. Aparisi Pozo L. Aperio Bella G. Arabidze J. P. Araque V. Araujo Ferraz R. Araujo Pereira A. T. H. Arce F. A. Arduh J-F. Arguin S. Argyropoulos J.-H. Arling A. J. Armbruster L. J. Armitage A. Armstrong O. Arnaez H. Arnold G. Artoni S. Artz S. Asai N. A. Asbah E. m. Asimakopoulou L. Asquith K. Assamagan R. Astalos R. J. Atkin m. Atkinson N. B. Atlay H. Atmani K. Augsten G. Avolio R. Avramidou m. K. Ayoub A. m. Azoulay G. Azuelos A. E. Baas m. J. Baca H. Bachacou K. Bachas m. Backes F. Backman P. Bagnaia H. Bahrasemani A. J. Bailey V. R. Bailey J. T. Baines m. Bajic C. Bakalis O. K. Baker P. J. Bakker D. Bakshi Gupta S. Balaji E. m. Baldin P. Balek F. Balli W. K. Balunas J. Balz E. Banas A. Bandyopadhyay Sw. Banerjee A. A. E. Bannoura L. Barak W. m. Barbe E. L. Barberio D. Barberis m. Barbero T. Barillari m-S. Barisits J. Barkeloo T. Barklow R. Barnea S. L. LPMR Faculté des Sciences Université Mohamed Premier Oujda Morocco CPPM Aix-Marseille Université CNRS/IN2P3 Marseille France Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USA Department of Physics University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts USA Department of Physics Royal Holloway University of London Egham United Kingdom Department of Physics University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Sussex Brighton United Kingdom Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Department of Physics Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel High Energy Physics Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois USA INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine Sezione di Trieste Udine Italy ICTP Trieste Italy International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Institut für Physik Universität Mainz Mainz Germany IJCLab Université Paris-Saclay CNRS/IN2P3 91405 Orsay France AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Krakow Poland Department of Physics Northern Illinois University DeKalb Illinois United States of America Fakultät für Physik Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München München Germany Department of Physics Bogazici University Istanbul Türkiye Particle Physics Department Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California USA LPC Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS/IN2P3 Clermont-Ferrand France Institute for Mathematics Astrophysics and Particle Physics Radboud University/Nikhef Nijmegen Netherlands Department of Physics Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi Iasi Romania Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos Universidad de Granada

A measurement of the top quark pair-production cross section in the lepton+jets decay channel is presented. It is based on 4.6 fb−1 of s=7 TeV pp collision data collected during 2011 by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. A three-class, multidimensional event classifier based on support vector machines is used to differentiate tt¯ events from backgrounds. The tt¯ production cross section is found to be σtt¯=168.5±0.7(stat) −5.9+6.2(syst) −3.2+3.4(lumi) pb. The result is consistent with the Standard model prediction based on QCD calculations at next-to-next-to-leading order.

关键词： Particle production Top quark Hadron colliders

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Combination of measurements of the Top Quark mass from Data Collected by the ATLAS and CmS Experiments at s=7 and 8 TeV

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Physical Review Letters 2024年第26期132卷 261902-261902页

作者： A. Hayrapetyan A. Tumasyan W. Adam J. W. Andrejkovic T. Bergauer S. Chatterjee K. Damanakis m. Dragicevic P. S. Hussain m. Jeitler N. Krammer A. Li D. Liko I. mikulec J. Schieck R. Schöfbeck D. Schwarz m. Sonawane S. Templ W. Waltenberger C.-E. Wulz m. R. Darwish T. Janssen P. Van mechelen E. S. Bols J. D’Hondt S. Dansana A. De moor m. Delcourt H. El Faham S. Lowette I. makarenko D. müller A. R. Sahasransu S. Tavernier m. Tytgat S. Van Putte D. Vannerom B. Clerbaux G. De Lentdecker L. Favart D. Hohov J. Jaramillo A. Khalilzadeh K. Lee m. mahdavikhorrami A. malara S. Paredes L. Pétré N. Postiau L. Thomas m. Vanden Bemden C. Vander Velde P. Vanlaer m. De Coen D. Dobur Y. Hong J. Knolle L. Lambrecht G. mestdach C. Rendón A. Samalan K. Skovpen N. Van Den Bossche J. van der Linden L. Wezenbeek A. Benecke G. Bruno C. Caputo C. Delaere I. S. Donertas A. Giammanco K. Jaffel Sa. Jain V. Lemaitre J. Lidrych P. mastrapasqua K. mondal T. T. Tran S. Wertz G. A. Alves E. Coelho C. Hensel T. menezes De Oliveira A. moraes P. Rebello Teles m. Soeiro W. L. Aldá Júnior m. Alves Gallo Pereira m. Barroso Ferreira Filho H. Brandao malbouisson W. Carvalho J. Chinellato E. m. Da Costa G. G. Da Silveira D. De Jesus Damiao S. Fonseca De Souza R. Gomes De Souza J. martins C. mora Herrera K. mota Amarilo L. mundim H. Nogima A. Santoro A. Sznajder m. Thiel A. Vilela Pereira C. A. Bernardes L. Calligaris T. R. Fernandez Perez Tomei E. m. Gregores P. G. mercadante S. F. Novaes B. Orzari Sandra S. Padula A. Aleksandrov G. Antchev R. Hadjiiska P. Iaydjiev m. misheva m. Shopova G. Sultanov A. Dimitrov L. Litov B. Pavlov P. Petkov A. Petrov E. Shumka S. Keshri S. Thakur T. Cheng Q. Guo T. Javaid L. Yuan Z. Hu J. Liu K. Yi G. m. Chen H. S. Chen m. Chen F. Iemmi C. H. Jiang A. Kapoor H. Liao Z.-A. Liu R. Sharma J. N. Song J. Tao C. Wang J. Wang Z. Wang H. Zhang A. Agapitos Y. Ban A. Levin C. Li Q. Li Y. mao S. J. Qian X. Sun D. Wang H. Yang L. Zhang C. Zhou Z. You N. Lu G. Bauer X. Gao D. Leggat H. Okawa Y. Zhang Z. Lin C. Lu m. Xiao C. Avila D. A. Yerevan Physics Institute Yerevan Armenia Institut für Hochenergiephysik Vienna Austria Indian Institute of Technology Madras Madras India APC Université Paris Cité CNRS/IN2P3 Paris France Universiteit Antwerpen Antwerpen Belgium Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussel Belgium Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium Korea University Seoul Korea Ghent University Ghent Belgium Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Federal do ABC São Paulo Brazil Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria University of Sofia Sofia Bulgaria IJCLab Université Paris-Saclay CNRS/IN2P3 91405 Orsay France Instituto De Alta Investigación Universidad de Tarapacá Casilla 7 D Arica Chile Beihang University Beijing China Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing China Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing China Department of Physics Oxford University Oxford United Kingdom School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MOE) SKLPPC Shanghai China Department of Physics Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin N.T. Hong Kong China Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing China Department of Modern Physics and State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Department of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing China Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China Institute of Modern Physics and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE)—Fudan University Shanghai China Zhe

A combination of fifteen top quark mass measurements performed by the ATLAS and CmS experiments at the LHC is presented. The datasets used correspond to an integrated luminosity of up to 5 and 20 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, respectively. The combination includes measurements in top quark pair events that exploit both the semileptonic and hadronic decays of the top quark, and a measurement using events enriched in single top quark production via the electroweak t channel. The combination accounts for the correlations between measurements and achieves an improvement in the total uncertainty of 31% relative to the most precise input measurement. The result is mt=172.52±0.14(stat)±0.30(syst) GeV, with a total uncertainty of 0.33 GeV.

关键词： Top quark Hadron colliders

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Evidence for the Higgs Boson Decay to a Z Boson and a Photon at the LHC

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Physical Review Letters 2024年第2期132卷 021803-021803页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott K. Abeling N. J. Abicht S. H. Abidi A. Aboulhorma H. Abramowicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti B. S. Acharya C. Adam Bourdarios L. Adamczyk L. Adamek S. V. Addepalli m. J. Addison J. Adelman A. Adiguzel T. Adye A. A. Affolder Y. Afik m. N. Agaras J. Agarwala A. Aggarwal C. Agheorghiesei A. Ahmad F. Ahmadov W. S. Ahmed S. Ahuja X. Ai G. Aielli A. Aikot m. Ait Tamlihat B. Aitbenchikh I. Aizenberg m. Akbiyik T. P. A. Åkesson A. V. Akimov D. Akiyama N. N. Akolkar K. Al Khoury G. L. Alberghi J. Albert P. Albicocco G. L. Albouy S. Alderweireldt m. Aleksa I. N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa T. Alexopoulos F. Alfonsi m. Algren m. Alhroob B. Ali H. m. J. Ali S. Ali S. W. Alibocus m. Aliev G. Alimonti W. Alkakhi C. Allaire B. m. m. Allbrooke J. F. Allen C. A. Allendes Flores P. P. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso C. Alpigiani m. Alvarez Estevez A. Alvarez Fernandez m. Alves Cardoso m. G. Alviggi m. Aly Y. Amaral Coutinho A. Ambler C. Amelung m. Amerl C. G. Ames D. Amidei S. P. Amor Dos Santos K. R. Amos V. Ananiev C. Anastopoulos T. Andeen J. K. Anders S. Y. Andrean A. Andreazza S. Angelidakis A. Angerami A. V. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel m. T. Anthony E. Antipov m. Antonelli F. Anulli m. Aoki T. Aoki J. A. Aparisi Pozo m. A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella C. Appelt A. Apyan N. Aranzabal C. Arcangeletti A. T. H. Arce E. Arena J-F. Arguin S. Argyropoulos J.-H. Arling O. Arnaez H. Arnold G. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai S. Asai N. A. Asbah J. Assahsah K. Assamagan R. Astalos S. Atashi R. J. Atkin m. Atkinson H. Atmani P. A. Atmasiddha K. Augsten S. Auricchio A. D. Auriol V. A. Austrup G. Avolio K. Axiotis G. Azuelos D. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas A. Bachiu F. Backman A. Badea P. Bagnaia m. Bahmani A. J. Bailey V. R. Bailey J. T. Baines L. Baines C. Bakalis O. K. Baker E. Bakos D. Bakshi Gupta V. Balakrishnan R. Balasubramanian E. m. Baldin P. Balek E. Ballabene F. Balli L. m. Baltes W. K. Balunas J. Balz E. Banas m. Bandieramonte A. Bandyopadhyay S. Bansal L. Barak m. Barakat E. L. Barberio D. Barberis m. Barbero m. Z. Barel K. N. Barends T. Ba Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico ETH Zurich—Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics (IPA) Zurich Switzerland Institute of Nuclear Research ATOMKI Debrecen Hungary National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece Escuela Politecnica Nacional Quito Ecuador Faculté des sciences Université Mohammed V Rabat Morocco University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Batavia Illinois USA University of Ruhuna Department of Physics Matara Sri Lanka INFN Sezione di Bologna Bologna Italy Università di Bologna Bologna Italy Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussel Belgium AGH University of Krakow Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Krakow Poland The University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa USA Institute Rudjer Boskovic Zagreb Croatia Universidad Iberoamericana Mexico City Mexico Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA) CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria Santander Spain Department of Physics Istanbul University Istanbul Türkiye Imperial College London United Kingdom Baylor University Waco Texas USA Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology Lappeenranta Finland Instituto De Alta Investigación Universidad de Tarapacá Casilla 7 D Arica Chile INFN Sezione di Genova Genova Italy Università di Genova Genova Italy Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Mexico City Mexico Department of Physics Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi Iasi Romania National Centre for Physics Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet CNRS/IN2P3 Ecole Polytechnique Institut Polytechnique de Paris Palaiseau France University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand Riga Technical University Riga Latvia Department of Modern Physics and State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China INFN Sezione di Padova Padova Italy Università di Padova Padova Italy University of Mississippi Oxford Mississi

The first evidence for the Higgs boson decay to a Z boson and a photon is presented, with a statistical significance of 3.4 standard deviations. The result is derived from a combined analysis of the searches performed by the ATLAS and CmS Collaborations with proton-proton collision datasets collected at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) from 2015 to 2018. These correspond to integrated luminosities of around 140 fb−1 for each experiment, at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The measured signal yield is 2.2±0.7 times the standard model prediction, and agrees with the theoretical expectation within 1.9 standard deviations.

关键词： Rare decays Higgs bosons W & Z bosons Hadron colliders

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A parallel algorithm for generating a random graph with a prescribed degree sequence

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2017年

作者： Bhuiyan, Hasanuzzaman Khan, maleq marathe, madhav Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech BlacksburgVA United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Texas A&M University–Kingsville Kingsville TX United States

—Random graphs (or networks) have gained a significant increase of interest due to its popularity in modeling and simulating many complex real-world systems. Degree sequence is one of the most important aspects of these systems. Random graphs with a given degree sequence can capture many characteristics like dependent edges and non-binomial degree distribution that are absent in many classical random graph models such as the Erdős-R ényi graph model. In addition, they have important applications in uniform sampling of random graphs, counting the number of graphs having the same degree sequence, as well as in string theory, random matrix theory, and matching theory. In this paper, we present an OpenmP-based shared-memory parallel algorithm for generating a random graph with a prescribed degree sequence, which achieves a speedup of 20.5 with 32 cores. We also present a comparative study of several structural properties of the random graphs generated by our algorithm with that of the real-world graphs and random graphs generated by other popular methods. One of the steps in our parallel algorithm requires checking the Erdős-Gallai characterization, i.e., whether there exists a graph obeying the given degree sequence, in parallel. This paper presents a non-trivial parallel algorithm for checking the Erdős-Gallai characterization, which achieves a speedup of 23 with 32 cores. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Parallel algorithms

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Statistical Combination of ATLAS Run 2 Searches for Charginos and Neutralinos at the LHC

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Physical Review Letters 2024年第3期133卷 031802-031802页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott K. Abeling N. J. Abicht S. H. Abidi A. Aboulhorma H. Abramowicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti B. S. Acharya C. Adam Bourdarios L. Adamczyk S. V. Addepalli m. J. Addison J. Adelman A. Adiguzel T. Adye A. A. Affolder Y. Afik m. N. Agaras J. Agarwala A. Aggarwal C. Agheorghiesei A. Ahmad F. Ahmadov W. S. Ahmed S. Ahuja X. Ai G. Aielli A. Aikot m. Ait Tamlihat B. Aitbenchikh I. Aizenberg m. Akbiyik T. P. A. Åkesson A. V. Akimov D. Akiyama N. N. Akolkar S. Aktas K. Al Khoury G. L. Alberghi J. Albert P. Albicocco G. L. Albouy S. Alderweireldt Z. L. Alegria m. Aleksa I. N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa T. Alexopoulos F. Alfonsi m. Algren m. Alhroob B. Ali H. m. J. Ali S. Ali S. W. Alibocus m. Aliev G. Alimonti W. Alkakhi C. Allaire B. m. m. Allbrooke J. F. Allen C. A. Allendes Flores P. P. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso C. Alpigiani m. Alvarez Estevez A. Alvarez Fernandez m. Alves Cardoso m. G. Alviggi m. Aly Y. Amaral Coutinho A. Ambler C. Amelung m. Amerl C. G. Ames D. Amidei S. P. Amor Dos Santos K. R. Amos V. Ananiev C. Anastopoulos T. Andeen J. K. Anders S. Y. Andrean A. Andreazza S. Angelidakis A. Angerami A. V. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel m. T. Anthony E. Antipov m. Antonelli F. Anulli m. Aoki T. Aoki J. A. Aparisi Pozo m. A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella C. Appelt A. Apyan N. Aranzabal S. J. Arbiol Val C. Arcangeletti A. T. H. Arce E. Arena J-F. Arguin S. Argyropoulos J.-H. Arling O. Arnaez H. Arnold G. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai S. Asai N. A. Asbah K. Assamagan R. Astalos S. Atashi R. J. Atkin m. Atkinson H. Atmani P. A. Atmasiddha K. Augsten S. Auricchio A. D. Auriol V. A. Austrup G. Avolio K. Axiotis G. Azuelos D. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas A. Bachiu F. Backman A. Badea T. m. Baer P. Bagnaia m. Bahmani D. Bahner A. J. Bailey V. R. Bailey J. T. Baines L. Baines O. K. Baker E. Bakos D. Bakshi Gupta V. Balakrishnan R. Balasubramanian E. m. Baldin P. Balek E. Ballabene F. Balli L. m. Baltes W. K. Balunas J. Balz E. Banas m. Bandieramonte A. Bandyopadhyay S. Bansal L. Barak m. Barakat E. L. Barberio D. Barberis m. Barbero m. CPPM Aix-Marseille Université CNRS/IN2P3 Marseille France Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USA II. Physikalisches Institut Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Göttingen Germany Fakultät Physik Technische Universität Dortmund Dortmund Germany Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York USA Faculté des sciences Université Mohammed V Rabat Morocco Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Department of Physics Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel Department of Physics New York University New York New York USA INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine Sezione di Trieste Udine Italy ICTP Trieste Italy LAPP Université Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS/IN2P3 Annecy France AGH University of Krakow Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Krakow Poland Department of Physics Brandeis University Waltham Massachusetts USA School of Physics and Astronomy University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom Department of Physics Northern Illinois University DeKalb Illinois USA Department of Physics Istanbul University Istanbul Türkiye Particle Physics Department Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California USA Geneva Switzerland Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain INFN Sezione di Pavia Pavia Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Pavia Pavia Italy Institut für Physik Universität Mainz Mainz Germany Department of Physics Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi Iasi Romania Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with Department of Physics McGill University Montreal QC Canada Department of Physics Royal Holloway University of London Egham United Kingdom Department of Modern Physics and State Key Labo

Statistical combinations of searches for charginos and neutralinos using various decay channels are performed using 139 fb−1 of pp collision data at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Searches targeting pure-wino chargino pair production, pure-wino chargino-neutralino production, or Higgsino production decaying via standard model W, Z, or h bosons are combined to extend the mass reach to the produced supersymmetric particles by 30–100 GeV. The depth of the sensitivity of the original searches is also improved by the combinations, lowering the 95% C.L. cross-section upper limits by 15%–40%.

关键词： Hadron-hadron interactions Particle production Supersymmetric models Superpartners Hadron colliders

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Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) science: The hidden circumgalactic medium

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Lee, minju m. Schimek, Alice Cicone, Claudia Andreani, Paola Popping, Gergö Sommovigo, Laura Appleton, Philip N. Bischetti, manuela Cantalupo, Sebastiano Chen, Chian-Chou Dannerbauer, Helmut De Breuck, Carlos mascolo, Luca Di Emonts, Bjorn H.C. Hatziminaoglou, Evanthia Pensabene, Antonio Rizzo, Francesca Rybak, matus Shen, Sijing Lundgren, Andreas Booth, mark Klaassen, Pamela mroczkowski, Tony Cordiner, martin A. Johnstone, Doug van Kampen, Eelco Liu, Daizhong maccarone, Thomas Saintonge, Amélie Smith, matthew Thelen, Alexander E. Wedemeyer, Sven Denmark DTU-Space Technical University of Denmark Elektrovej 327 Kgs. LyngbyDK2800 Denmark Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics University of Oslo PO Box 1029 Blindern Oslo0315 Norway European Southern Observatory Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2 Garching bei München85748 Germany Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute 162 5th Avenue New YorkNY10010 United States Caltech/IPAC MC 314-6 1200 E. California Blvd. PasadenaCA91125 United States Astronomy Unit Department of Physics University of Trieste via Tiepolo 11 Trieste34131 Italy INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste via Tiepolo 11 Trieste34131 Italy Department of Physics University of Milan Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 3 MilanoI-20126 Italy No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei10617 Taiwan Tenerife La LagunaE-38205 Spain Universidad de La Laguna Dpto. Astrofísica Tenerife La LagunaE-38206 Spain Laboratoire Lagrange Université Côte d’Azur Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur CNRS Blvd de l’Observatoire CS 34229 Nice06304 cedex 4 France IFPU Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe Via Beirut 2 Trieste34014 Italy National Radio Astronomy Observatory 520 Edgemont Road CharlottesvilleVA22903 United States Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Jagtvej 128 Copenhagen N2200 Denmark Leiden Observatory Leiden University PO Box 9513 Leiden2300-RA Netherlands Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 4 Delft2628 CD Netherlands SRON - Netherlands Institute for Space Research Niels Bohrweg 4 CA Leiden2333 Netherlands Aix Marseille Univ CNRS CNES LAM Marseille France UK Astronomy Technology Centre Royal Observatory Edinburgh Blackford Hill EdinburghEH9 3HJ United Kingdom Astrochemistry Laboratory Code 691 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD20771 United States NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics 5071 West Saanich Rd VictoriaBCV9E 2E7 Canada Department of

Our knowledge of galaxy formation and evolution has incredibly progressed through multi-wavelength observational constraints of the interstellar medium (ISm) of galaxies at all cosmic epochs. However, little is known about the physical properties of the more diffuse and lower surface brightness reservoir of gas and dust that extends beyond ISm scales and fills dark matter haloes of galaxies up to their virial radii, the circumgalactic medium (CGm). New theoretical studies increasingly stress the relevance of the latter for understanding the feedback and feeding mechanisms that shape galaxies across cosmic times, whose cumulative effects leave clear imprints into the CGm. Recent studies are showing that a – so far unconstrained – fraction of the CGm mass may reside in the cold (T 4 K) molecular and atomic phase, especially in high-redshift dense environments. These gas phases, together with the warmer ionised phase, can be studied in galaxies from z ∼ 0 to z ∼ 10 through bright far-infrared and sub-millimeter emission lines such as [C II] 158µm, [O III] 88 µm, [C I] 609µm, [C I] 370µm, and the rotational transitions of CO. Imaging such hidden cold CGm can lead to a breakthrough in galaxy evolution studies but requires a new facility with the specifications of the proposed Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST). In this paper, we use theoretical and empirical arguments to motivate future ambitious CGm observations with AtLAST and describe the technical requirements needed for the telescope and its instrumentation to perform such science. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Galaxies

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