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Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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The Lancet 2020年第10258期396卷 1204-1222页

作者： Abbafati, Cristiana Abbas, Kaja M. Abbasi, Mohammad Abbasifard, Mitra Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbastabar, Hedayat Abd-Allah, Foad Abdelalim, Ahmed Abdollahi, Mohammad Abdollahpour, Ibrahim Abedi, Aidin Abedi, Parisa Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abolhassani, Hassan Abosetugn, Akine Eshete Aboyans, Victor Abrams, Elissa M. Abreu, Lucas Guimarães Abrigo, Michael R.M. Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid Abualhasan, Ahmed Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal Abushouk, Abdelrahman I. Acebedo, Alyssa Ackerman, Ilana N. Adabi, Maryam Adair, Tim Adamu, Abdu A. Adebayo, Oladimeji M. Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi Adekanmbi, Victor Adelson, Jaimie D. Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Adham, Davoud Advani, Shailesh M. Afarideh, Mohsen Afshari, Mahdi Afshin, Ashkan Agardh, Emilie E. Agarwal, Gina Agasthi, Pradyumna Agesa, Kareha M. Aghaali, Mohammad Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem Agrawal, Anurag Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmadi, Alireza Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Mehdi Ahmadieh, Hamid Ahmadpour, Ehsan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Aji, Budi Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Akinyemiju, Tomi Akombi, Blessing Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alam, Khurshid Alam, Noore Alam, Samiah Alam, Tahiya Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Albertson, Samuel B. Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alema, Niguse Meles Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta Alhabib, Khalid F. Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Muhammad Ali, Saqib Alicandro, Gianfranco Alijanzadeh, Mehran Alinia, Cyrus Alipour, Vahid Alizade, Hesam Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Alla, François Allebeck, Peter Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad Almasi, Ali Almasi-Hashiani, Amir Almasri, Nihad A. Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Almulhim, Abdulaziz M. Alonso, Jordi Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alumran, Arwa Khalid Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Amare, Azmeraw T. Amare, Bekalu Amini, Saeed Amini-Rarani, Mostafa Aminorroaya, Arya Amiri, Fatemeh Amit, Arianna Maever L. Amugsi, Dickson A. Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera Anbesu, Etsay Woldu Ancuceanu, Robert Anderl Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom Social Determinants of Health Research Center Tehran Iran Department of Neurology Cairo University Cairo Egypt School of Pharmacy Tehran Iran The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) Tehran Iran Neuroscience Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran Biostatistics Department Near East University Nicosia Cyprus Biostatistics and Health Informatics Madda Walabu University Bale Robe Ethiopia Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran Iran Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Department of Cardiology Dupuytren University Hospital Limoges France University of Limoges Limoges France Department of Pediatric Dentistry Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Department of Research Philippine Institute for Development Studies Quezon City Philippines Department of Healthcare Policy and Research Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Doha Qatar Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States Department of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran School of Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom School of Laboratory Medicine and Science University College Hospital Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa Department of Global Health Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa School of Health Ardabil University of Medical Science Ardabil Iran Social Behavioral Research Branch National Institute of Health Bethesda MD United States Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC DC United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine Seattle WA

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw value

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The cell surface marker CD36 selectively identifies matured,mitochondria-rich hPSC-cardiomyocytes

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细胞研究（英文版） 2020年第7期30卷 626-629页

作者： Ellen Ngar-Yun Poon Xiao-ling Luo Sarah E.Webb Bin Yan Rui Zhao Stanley Chun Ming Wu Yong Yang Peng Zhang Huajun Bai Jiaofang Shao Ching Man Chan Godfrey Chi-Fung Chan Suk Ying Tsang Rebekah L.Gundry Huang-Tian Yang Kenneth R.Boheler Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) HKSAR China CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor Laboratory of Molecular CardiologyShanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) CAS Shanghai China Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology HKSAR China Department of Computer Science The University of Hong Kong (HKU) HKSAR China Intervention and Cell Therapy Center Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen China School of Life Sciences CUHK HKSAR China Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine HKU HKSAR China School of Biomedical Sciences HKU HKSAR China SUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen China Department of Bioinformatics School of Biomedical Engineering and InformaticsNanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu China State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology CUHK HKSAR China Department of Biochemistry and Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Research Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WIUSA CardiOmics Program Center for Heart and Vascular Research Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE USA Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine CASBeijing China Division of Cardiology Department of Medicineand Department of Biomedical Engineering The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA

Dear Editor,Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) are of significant translational value to in vitro studies of human cardiac development, drug and cardiotoxicity testing and cardiac disease *** of hPSCs to CMs,however, yields mixed cultures of atrial-, ventricular-, and pacemaker-like cells as well as non-CMs in variable proportions.1

关键词： Stem-cell differentiation Stem cells

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Role of viruses, prions and miRNA in neurodegenerative disorders and dementia

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VirusDisease 2018年第4期29卷 419-433页

作者： Sohrab, Sayed Sartaj Suhail, Mohd Ali, Ashraf Kamal, Mohammad Amjad Husen, Azamal Ahmad, Fahim Azhar, Esam Ibraheem Greig, Nigel H. Special Infectious Agents Unit King Fahd Medical Research Center King Abdulaziz University Post Box No-80216 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia King Fahd Medical Research Center King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box No 21589 Jeddah Saudi Arabia Enzymoics 7 Peterlee Place Hebersham 2770 NSW Australia Novel Global Community Educational Foundation Sydney Australia Department of Medical Laboratory Technology Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Department of Biology College of Natural and Computational Sciences University of Gondar P.O. Box 196 Gondar Ethiopia Drug Discovery Division Southern Research Institute 2000 Ninth Ave South Birmingham 35205 AL United States Drug Design & Development Section Translational Gerontology Branch Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Biomedical Research Center 251 Bayview Boulevard Baltimore 21224 MD United States

Dementia is known as loss of cellular communications in the brain at a region caused by multi-factorial diseases and pathogenic infections. Approximately eighty percent reported cases of Alzheimer’s disease are followed by vascular dementia. The common symptoms of dementia include memory loss, concentration problems, thinking, and language solving situations. Dementia is a multifactorial disease but based on latest research;various reports have been published describing the linkage and role of viruses, prions and miRNAs in neurodegeneration and neurodegenerative disorders resulting into dementia and due to this we selected to review and provide latest information related to dementia. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs carrying genetic regulatory information contributing to neurological disorders among human and animals. A prion is an infectious agent made of protein material. Recently, it has been reported that prions play a significant role in signaling processes, resulting in amyloidogenesis and neurological disorders. Viruses attack human immune system and central nervous system and affect classical pathways of neurodegenerative diseases. Comprehensive understandings of the expression profiles and activities of these miRNAs, Prions, Viruses will illuminate their roles as potential therapeutic targets in neurodegeneration and may lead to the discovery of breakthrough treatment strategies for neurodegenerative disorders and dementia. The provided information will further be significant not only in neuro-scientific research, but also in designing and development of management strategies for dementia. © 2018, Indian Virological Society.

关键词： Dementia miRNAs Neurodegeneration Prions Viruses

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Fatal police violence by race and state in the USA, 1980–2019: a network meta-regression

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The Lancet 2021年第10307期398卷 1239-1255页

作者： Sharara, Fablina Wool, Eve E. Bertolacci, Gregory J. Weaver, Nicole Davis Balassyano, Shelly Watson, Alexandrea Dippenaar, Ilse N. Cunningham, Matthew Fuller, John E. Marczak, Laurie B. Johnson, Catherine Owens Roth, Gregory A. Abedi, Aidin Acuna, Juan Manuel Advani, Shailesh M. Agasthi, Pradyumna Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Antony, Catherine M. Assari, Shervin Awan, Asma Tahir Basu, Sanjay Bell, Arielle Wilder Braithwaite, Dejana Burkart, Katrin Chew, Adrienne Cho, Daniel Youngwhan Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Dai, Xiaochen Daoud, Farah Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura Elgendy, Islam Y. Fares, Jawad Farwati, Medhat Fisher, James L. Gholamrezanezhad, Ali Gopalani, Sameer Vali Grada, Ayman Guha, Avirup Hafezi-Nejad, Nima Haider, Mohammad Rifat Hay, Simon I. Hossain, md Mahbub Ikuta, Kevin S. Islam, Jessica Y. Jabbarinejad, Roxana Khatab, Khaled Khubchandani, Jagdish Kim, Daniel Kimokoti, Ruth W. Kisa, Adnan Krishnamoorthy, Vijay Krohn, Kris J. Lawrence, Wayne R. LeGrand, Kate E. Lim, Stephen S. Lin, Ziqiang Liu, Xuefeng Mahmoudi, Morteza Martinez-Piedra, Ramon Mehta, Kala M. Miller, Ted R. Moitra, Modhurima Mokdad, Ali H. Morrison, Shane Douglas Murray, Christopher J.L. Nápoles, Anna María Nsoesie, Elaine Okanyene Odell, Christopher M. Pawar, Shrikant Perez-Stable, Eliseo J. Pilz, Tessa M. Ram, Pradhum Reiner, Robert C. Roberts, Nicholas L.S. Salehi, Sana Sanabria, Juan Schwebel, David C. Sheikh, Aziz Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora Singh, Jasvinder A. Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth Sykes, Bryan L. Tadbiri, Hooman Tleyjeh, Imad I. Tsai, Alexander C. Vos, Theo Wu, Chenkai Yandrapalli, Srikanth Yunusa, Ismaeel Zand, Ramin Zhang, Wangjian Naghavi, Mohsen Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Division of Cardiology University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Division of Plastic Surgery University of Washington Seattle WA United States Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Southern California Los Angeles CA United States Department of Radiology University of Southern California Los Angeles CA United States Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates FIU Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work Florida International University Miami FL United States Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation Los Angeles CA United States School of Medicine Georgetown University Washington DC United States Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Scottsdale AZ United States Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research Rochester MN United States John T Milliken Department of Internal Medicine Washington University in St Louis St Louis MO United States Clinical Epidemiology Center Department of Veterans Affairs St Louis MO United States Department of Family Medicine Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science Los Angeles CA United States School of Nursing and Health Sciences Capella University Minneapolis MN United States Continuing Education Grant Writing Academy University of Nevada Las Vegas NV United States Center for Primary Care Harvard University Boston MA United States Department of Global Health and Social Medicine Harvard University Boston MA United States Division of Cardiology Harvard University Bos

Background: The burden of fatal police violence is an urgent public health crisis in the USA. Mounting evidence shows that deaths at the hands of the police disproportionately impact people of certain races and ethnicities, pointing to systemic racism in policing. Recent high-profile killings by police in the USA have prompted calls for more extensive and public data reporting on police violence. This study examines the presence and extent of under-reporting of police violence in US Government-run vital registration data, offers a method for correcting under-reporting in these datasets, and presents revised estimates of deaths due to police violence in the USA. Methods: We compared data from the USA National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) to three non-governmental, open-source databases on police violence: Fatal Encounters, Mapping Police Violence, and The Counted. We extracted and standardised the age, sex, US state of death registration, year of death, and race and ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic of other races, and Hispanic of any race) of each decedent for all data sources and used a network meta-regression to quantify the rate of under-reporting within the NVSS. Using these rates to inform correction factors, we provide adjusted estimates of deaths due to police violence for all states, ages, sexes, and racial and ethnic groups from 1980 to 2019 across the USA. Findings: Across all races and states in the USA, we estimate 30 800 deaths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 30 300–31 300) from police violence between 1980 and 2018;this represents 17 100 more deaths (16 600–17 600) than reported by the NVSS. Over this time period, the age-standardised mortality rate due to police violence was highest in non-Hispanic Black people (0·69 [95% UI 0·67–0·71] per 100 000), followed by Hispanic people of any race (0·35 [0·34–0·36]), non-Hispanic White people (0·20 [0·19–0·20]), and non-Hispanic people of other races (0·15 [0·14– 0·16]). This var

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Analysis of more than 400,000 women provides case-control evidence for BRCA1 and BRCA2 variant classification

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Nature Communications 2025年第1期16卷 1-18页

作者： Maria Zanti Denise G. O’Mahony Kristia Yiangou Kyriaki Michailidou Michael T. Parsons Amanda B. Spurdle Leila Dorling Joe Dennis Marc Naven Antonis C. Antoniou Manjeet K. Bolla Qin Wang Douglas F. Easton Nicholas J. Boddicker Wenan Chen Chunling Hu Steven N. Hart Fergus J. Couch Thomas U. Ahearn Jonine D. Figueroa Montserrat García-Closas Christine B. Ambrosone Song Yao Irene L. Andrulis Gord Glendon Paul L. Auer Caroline Baynes Don M. Conroy Alison M. Dunning Craig Luccarini Clara Bodelon James M. Hodge Alpa V. Patel Lauren R. Teras Natalia V. Bogdanova Stig E. Bojesen Kristen D. Brantley Nicola J. Camp Archie Campbell Jose E. Castelao Melissa H. Cessna Jenny Chang-Claude Fei Chen Christopher A. Haiman Georgia Chenevix-Trench Kamila Czene Arcangela De Nicolo Susan M. Domchek Katherine L. Nathanson Thilo Dörk A. Heather Eliassen D. Gareth Evans Peter A. Fasching Henrik Flyger Manuela Gago-Dominguez Anna González-Neira Rocio Nuñez-Torres Felix Grassmann Andreas Hadjisavvas Mihalis I. Panayiotidis Ute Hamann Muhammad U. Rashid Diana Torres Mikael B. A. Hartman Weang-Kee Ho Reiner Hoppe Sacha J. Howell Anna Jakubowska Elza K. Khusnutdinova Yon-Dschun Ko Peter Kraft Vessela N. Kristensen James V. Lacey Jingmei Li Geok Hoon Lim Veronique Kiak-Mien Tan Sara Lindström Artitaya Lophatananon Kenneth Muir Arto Mannermaa Maria Elena Martinez Dimitrios Mavroudis Roger L. Milne Melissa C. Southey Nadia Obi Janet E. Olson Celine M. Vachon Julie R. Palmer Gary R. Zirpoli Paul D. P. Pharoah Eric C. Polley Kathryn J. Ruddy Siddhartha Yadav Emmanouil Saloustros Elinor J. Sawyer Marjanka K. Schmidt Soo Hwang Teo Amy Trentham-Dietz Thérèse Truong Jeffrey N. Weitzel Melissa S. Cline Peter Devilee Sean V. Tavtigian David E. Goldgar Biostatistics Unit The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics Nicosia Cyprus Department of Medical Genetics Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway Population Health Program QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology Department of Oncology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Division of Computational Biology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda MD USA Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK Department of Cancer Prevention and Control Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Institute Buffalo NY USA Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada Department of Molecular Genetics University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Division of Biostatistics Data Science Institute and Cancer Center Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI USA Department of Population Science American Cancer Society Atlanta GA USA Radiation Oncology Research Unit Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany Copenhagen General Population Study Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev Denmark Department of Clinical Biochemistry Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev Denmark Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Department of Internal Medicine and Hu

Clinical genetic testing identifies variants causal for hereditary cancer, information that is used for risk assessment and clinical management. Unfortunately, some variants identified are of uncertain clinical significance (VUS), complicating patient management. Case-control data is one evidence type used to classify VUS. As an initiative of the Evidence-based Network for the Interpretation of Germline Mutant Alleles (ENIGMA) Analytical Working Group we analyze germline sequencing data ofBRCA1andBRCA2from 96,691 female breast cancer cases and 302,116 controls from three studies: the BRIDGES study of the Breast Cancer Association Consortium, the Cancer Risk Estimates Related to Susceptibility consortium, and the UK Biobank. We observe 11,207BRCA1andBRCA2variants, with 6909 being coding, covering 23.4% ofBRCA1andBRCA2VUS in ClinVar and 19.2% of ClinVar curated (likely) benign or pathogenic variants. Case-control likelihood ratio (ccLR) evidence is highly consistent with ClinVar assertions for (likely) benign or pathogenic variants; exhibiting 99.1% sensitivity and 95.3% specificity forBRCA1and 93.3% sensitivity and 86.6% specificity forBRCA2. This approach provides case-control evidence for 787 unclassified variants; these include 579 with strong or moderate benign evidence and 10 with strong pathogenic evidence for which ccLR evidence is sufficient to alter clinical classification.

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The overlapping burden of the three leading causes of disability and death in sub-Saharan African children

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Nature Communications 2022年第1期13卷 1-14页

作者： Reiner, Robert C. Welgan, Catherine A. Troeger, Christopher E. Baumann, Mathew M. Weiss, Daniel J. Deshpande, Aniruddha Blacker, Brigette F. Miller-Petrie, Molly K. Earl, Lucas Bhatt, Samir Abolhassani, Hassan Abosetugn, Akine Eshete Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Adekanmbi, Victor Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Aghaali, Mohammad Aji, Budi Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Saqib Alizade, Hesam Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almasi-Hashiani, Amir Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Azmeraw T. Amini, Saeed Amugsi, Dickson A. Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Ansari, Fereshteh Anvari, Davood Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Atout, Maha Moh’d Wahbi Ausloos, Marcel Ausloos, Floriane Ayanore, Martin Amogre Aynalem, Yared Asmare Azene, Zelalem Nigussie Badawi, Alaa Baig, Atif Amin Banach, Maciej Bedi, Neeraj Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhandari, Dinesh Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Bijani, Ali Birhanu, Tesega Tesega Mengistu Bitew, Zebenay Workneh Boloor, Archith Brady, Oliver J. Butt, Zahid A. Car, Josip Carvalho, Felix Casey, Daniel C. Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chu, Dinh-Toi Coelho, Camila H. Cook, Aubrey J. Damiani, Giovanni Daoud, Farah Gela, Jiregna Darega Darwish, Amira Hamed Daryani, Ahmad Das, Jai K. Davis Weaver, Nicole Deribe, Kebede Desalew, Assefa Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dianatinasab, Mostafa Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Dorostkar, Fariba Dubljanin, Eleonora Duko, Bereket Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura Effiong, Andem El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa El Tantawi, Maha Enany, Shymaa Fattahi, Nazir Feigin, Valery L. Fernandes, Eduarda Ferrara, Pietro Fischer, Florian Foigt, Nataliya A. Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Foroutan, Masoud Frostad, Joseph Jon Fukumoto, Takeshi Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji Gebrekrstos, Hailemikael Gebrekidan G. K. Gebremeskel, Leake Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Gething, Peter W. Gezae, Kebede Embaye Ghadiri, Keyghobad Ghashghaee, Ahmad Golechha, Mahaveer Gubar Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Malaria Atlas Project University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Public Health Debre Berhan University Debre Berhan Ethiopia Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Population Health Sciences King’s College London London United Kingdom Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa Department of Global Health Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Qom University of Medical Sciences Qom Iran Faculty of Medicine and Public Health Jenderal Soedirman University Purwokerto Indonesia Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research Rochester MN United States John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO United States Clinical Epidemiology Center Department of Veterans Affairs St Louis MO United States Institute of Health Research University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Department of Information Systems College of Economics and Political Science Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Bandar Abbas Iran Department of Health Policy and Management Kuwait University Safat Kuwait International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding National University of Malaysia Bandar Tun Razak Malaysia Department of Epidemiology Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak Iran Medical Research Center

Despite substantial declines since 2000, lower respiratory infections (LRIs), diarrhoeal diseases, and malaria remain among the leading causes of nonfatal and fatal disease burden for children under 5 years of age (under 5), primarily in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The spatial burden of each of these diseases has been estimated subnationally across SSA, yet no prior analyses have examined the pattern of their combined burden. Here we synthesise subnational estimates of the burden of LRIs, diarrhoea, and malaria in children under-5 from 2000 to 2017 for 43 sub-Saharan countries. Some units faced a relatively equal burden from each of the three diseases, while others had one or two dominant sources of unit-level burden, with no consistent pattern geographically across the entire subcontinent. Using a subnational counterfactual analysis, we show that nearly 300 million DALYs could have been averted since 2000 by raising all units to their national average. Our findings are directly relevant for decision-makers in determining which and targeting where the most appropriate interventions are for increasing child survival. © 2022, The Author(s).

关键词： Biogeography Epidemiology Infectious diseases Malaria

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Efficient targeted gene disruption in Xenopus embryos using engineered transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs)

Efficient targeted gene disruption in Xenopus embryos using ...

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2012全国发育生物学大会

作者： Yong Lei Hui Zhao Xiaogang Guo Yun Liu Yang Cao Yi Deng Xiongfeng Chen Hon Ki Christopher Cheng Igor B.Dawid Yonglong Chen Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen 518057 P.R.China Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510530 P.R.China Department of Biology South University of Science and Technology of China Shenzhen 518055 P.R.China Advanced Biomedical Computing Center National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Frederick MD 21702 USA Program in Genomics of Differentiation The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 USA School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New TerritoriesHong Kong P.R.China School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New TerritoriesHong Kong P.R.China

Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) are a novel approach for directed gene disruption and have been proved to be effective in various animal *** we report that TALENs can induce somatic mutations in Xenopus embryos with reliably high efficiency and that such mutations are heritable through germline *** modified the Golden Gate method for TALEN assembly to make the product suitable for RNA transcription and microinjection into Xenopus embryos.

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Long-term Aspirin Use and Epigenetic Mitotic Clocks for Cancer Risk Prediction: Findings in healthy Colon Mucosa and Recommendations for Future Epigenetic Aging Studies

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Epigenetics communications 2021年第1期1卷 5-5页

作者： Jamaji C Nwanaji-Enwerem Chijioke Nze Andres Cardenas Department of Environmental Health Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and MD/PhD Program Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. Division of Environmental Health Sciences School of Public Health and Center for Computational Biology University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA USA. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA.

Background:Despite the known role of mitosis in colorectal cancer, previous associations of long-term aspirin use with suppressed cancer-related epigenetic aging did not involve epigenetic mitotic clocks. We investigated these relationships using three epigenetic mitotic clocks developed for cancer risk prediction: EpiTOC, EpiTOC2, and MiAge. We utilized publicly available HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip data from 112 healthy colon (proximal and distal) mucosal samples taken at baseline (T1) and at 10-years follow-up (T2) from a screening cohort of 28 Polish women (11 non-users and 17 long-term [≥ 2 years] aspirin users). Mitotic clock values were divided by chronological age at each timepoint to obtain intrinsic rates (IRs). We evaluated differences in residuals of the mitotic clock IRs taken from linear mixed effects models adjusted for BMI, polyp status, and DNA methylation batch. Findings:EpiTOC, EpiTOC2 and MiAge were significantly correlated with chronological age ( < 0.05) with correlations ranging from 0.41 to 0.63. The EpiTOC, EpiTOC2 and MiAge clocks were strongly correlated with each other in proximal and distal samples (r > 0.79, < 0.0001). We observed proximal within group median clock IR deceleration for EpiTOC (-0.0004 DNAm, = 0.008), EpiTOC2 (-16 cell divisions, = 0.009), and MiAge (-3 cell divisions, = 0.002) for long-term aspirin users from T1 to T2 but not for non-users. In distal samples, only the long-term user MiAge IR was significantly deaccelerated (-3 cell divisions, = 0.009). Conclusions:Our observed findings support previously reported longitudinal associations of aspirin use with deceleration of other epigenetic age measures in the proximal colon. Our mitotic clock results suggest that cell proliferation could play a role in some aspirin relationships with epigenetic aging. Furthermore, the findings provide added impetus for establishing gold standards for epigenetic aging and consensus guidelines for more comprehensive reporting in fu

关键词： Colorectal cancer DNA methylation Disparities EpiTOC2 Epigenetic age MiAge Mitotic clock

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Correction to: Consolidated health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022 (CHEERS 2022) Statement: Updated Reporting Guidance for health Economic Evaluations

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Applied health economics and health policy 2022年第5期20卷 781-782页

作者： Don Husereau Michael Drummond Federico Augustovski Esther de Bekker-Grob Andrew H Briggs Chris Carswell Lisa Caulley Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk Dan Greenberg Elizabeth Loder Josephine Mauskopf C Daniel Mullins Stavros Petrou Raoh-Fang Pwu Sophie Staniszewska School of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada. donh@***. Institute of Health Economics Edmonton AL Canada. donh@***. Centre for Health Economics University of York York UK. Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics Department of the Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS-CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina. University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina. CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council) Buenos Aires Argentina. Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management Erasmus University Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London England. Adis Journals Springer Nature Auckland New Zealand. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada. Clinical Epidemiology Program and Center for Journalology Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ottawa ON Canada. Department of Epidemiology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands. Department of Pharmacotherapy College of Pharmacy University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA. Department of Health Policy and Management School of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Be'er-Sheva Israel. Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. The BMJ London UK. RTI Health Solutions RTI International Research Triangle Park NC USA. School of Pharmacy University of Maryland Baltimore Baltimore MD USA. Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK. National Hepatitis C Program Office Ministry of Health and Welfare Taipei City Taiwan. Warwick Research in Nursing University of Warwick Warwick Medical School Warwick UK.

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Trans-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of prostate cancer identifies new susceptibility loci and informs genetic risk prediction (vol 53, pg 65, 2021)

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NATURE GENETICS 2021年第3期53卷 413-413页

作者： Conti, David V. Darst, Burcu F. Moss, Lilit C. Saunders, Edward J. Sheng, Xin Chou, Alisha Schumacher, Fredrick R. Al Olama, Ali Amin Benlloch, Sara Dadaev, Tokhir Brook, Mark N. Sahimi, Ali Hoffmann, Thomas J. Takahashi, Atushi Matsuda, Koichi Momozawa, Yukihide Fujita, Masashi Muir, Kenneth Lophatananon, Artitaya Wan, Peggy Le Marchand, Loic Wilkens, Lynne R. Stevens, Victoria L. Gapstur, Susan M. Carter, Brian D. Schleutker, Johanna Tammela, Teuvo L. J. Sipeky, Csilla Auvinen, Anssi Giles, Graham G. Southey, Melissa C. MacInnis, Robert J. Cybulski, Cezary Wokolorczyk, Dominika Lubinski, Jan Neal, David E. Donovan, Jenny L. Hamdy, Freddie C. Martin, Richard M. Nordestgaard, Borge G. Nielsen, Sune F. Weischer, Maren Bojesen, Stig E. Roder, Martin Andreas Iversen, Peter Batra, Jyotsna Chambers, Suzanne Moya, Leire Horvath, Lisa Clements, Judith A. Tilley, Wayne Risbridger, Gail P. Gronberg, Henrik Aly, Markus Szulkin, Robert Eklund, Martin Nordstrom, Tobias Pashayan, Nora Dunning, Alison M. Ghoussaini, Maya Travis, Ruth C. Key, Tim J. Riboli, Elio Park, Jong Y. Sellers, Thomas A. Lin, Hui-Yi Albanes, Demetrius Weinstein, Stephanie J. Mucci, Lorelei A. Giovannucci, Edward Lindstrom, Sara Kraft, Peter Hunter, David J. Penney, Kathryn L. Turman, Constance Tangen, Catherine M. Goodman, Phyllis J. Thompson, Ian M., Jr. Hamilton, Robert J. Fleshner, Neil E. Finelli, Antonio Parent, Marie-Elise Stanford, Janet L. Ostrander, Elaine A. Geybels, Milan S. Koutros, Stella Freeman, Laura E. Beane Stampfer, Meir Wolk, Alicja Hakansson, Niclas Andriole, Gerald L. Hoover, Robert N. Machiela, Mitchell J. Sorensen, Karina Dalsgaard Borre, Michael Blot, William J. Zheng, Wei Yeboah, Edward D. Mensah, James E. Lu, Yong-Jie Zhang, Hong-Wei Feng, Ninghan Mao, Xueying Wu, Yudong Zhao, Shan-Chao Sun, Zan Thibodeau, Stephen N. McDonnell, Shannon K. Schaid, Daniel J. West, Catharine M. L. Burnet, Neil Barnett, Gill Maier, Christiane Schnoeller, Thomas Luedeke, Manuel Kibel, Adam S. Drake, Bettina F. Cussenot, Olivier Cancel-Tassin, Gerald Center for Genetic Epidemiology Department of Preventive Medicine Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Los Angeles CA USA The Institute of Cancer Research London UK Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA Seidman Cancer Center University Hospitals Cleveland OH USA Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge Strangeways Research Laboratory Cambridge UK Stroke Research Group Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California San Francisco CA USA Institute for Human Genetics University of California San Francisco CA USA Laboratory for Statistical Analysis RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences Yokohama Japan Department of Genomic Medicine National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute Suita Japan Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Biobank Tokyo Japan Laboratory for Genotyping Development RIKEN Center of Integrative Medical Sciences Yokohama Japan Laboratory for Cancer Genomics RIKEN Center of Integrative Medical Sciences Yokohama Japan Division of Population Health Health Services Research and Primary Care School of Health Sciences Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health University of Manchester Manchester UK Warwick Medical School University of Warwick Coventry UK Epidemiology Program University of Hawaii Cancer Center Honolulu HI USA Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group Research Program American Cancer Society Atlanta GA USA Institute of Biomedicine University of Turku Turku Finland Department of Medical Genetics Genomics Laboratory Division Turku University Hospital Turku Finland Department of Urolog

Prostate cancer is a highly heritable disease with large disparities in incidence rates across ancestry populations. We conducted a multiancestry meta-analysis of prostate cancer genome-wide association studies (107,247 cases and 127,006 controls) and identified 86 new genetic risk variants independently associated with prostate cancer risk, bringing the total to 269 known risk variants. The top genetic risk score (GRS) decile was associated with odds ratios that ranged from 5.06 (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.84-5.29) for men of European ancestry to 3.74 (95% CI, 3.36-4.17) for men of African ancestry. Men of African ancestry were estimated to have a mean GRS that was 2.18-times higher (95% CI, 2.14-2.22), and men of East Asian ancestry 0.73-times lower (95% CI, 0.71-0.76), than men of European ancestry. These findings support the role of germline variation contributing to population differences in prostate cancer risk, with the GRS offering an approach for personalized risk prediction.

关键词： Epidemiology Genome-wide association studies Personalized medicine Prostate cancer

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