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Nonpolypoid neoplastic lesions of the colorectal mucosa

GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY 2008年第4期68卷 S3-S47页

作者： Kudo, Shin ei Lambert, Rene Allen, John I. Fujii, Hiroaki Fujii, Takahiro Kashida, Hiroshi Matsuda, Takahisa Mori, Masaki Saito, Hiroshi Shimoda, Tadakazu Tanaka, Shinji Watanabe, Hidenobu Sung, Joseph J. Feld, Andrew D. Inadomi, John M. O'Brien, Michael J. Lieberman, David A. Ransohoff, David F. Soetikno, Roy M. Triadafilopoulos, George Zauber, Ann Teixeira, Claudio Rolim Rey, Jean Franigois Jaramillo, Edgar Rubio, Carlos A. Van Gossum, Andre Jung, Michael Vieth, Michael Jass, Jeremy R. Hurlstone, Paul D. [a]Current affiliations: Hiroaki Fujii MD Department of Pathology (II) Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan. Takahiro Fujii MD TF Clinic Ginza Tokyo Japan. Hiroshi Kashida MD Shin ei Kudo MD Digestive Disease Center Northern Yokohama Hospital Showa University Yokohama Japan. Takahisa Matsuda MD Division of Endoscopy Tadakazu Shimoda MD Clinical Laboratory Division National Cancer Centre Hospital Tokyo Japan. Masaki Mori MD PhD FACS Department of Surgery Medical Institute of Bioregulation Kyushu University Hospital Beppu Japan. Hiroshi Saito MD Cancer Screening Technology Division Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening National Cancer Center Tokyo Japan. Shinji Tanaka MD Department of Endoscopy Hiroshima University Hospital Hiroshima Japan. Hidenobu Watanabe MD Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata University Niigata Japan. Joseph J. Sung MD Institute of Digestive Diseases Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin Hong Kong. John I. Allen MD Medical Director Minnesota Gastroenterology University of Minnesota School of Medicine Minneapolis Minnesota USA. Andrew D. Feld MD Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine Central Division of Gastroenterology Group Health Cooperative University of Washington Seattle Washington USA. John M. Inadomi MD Director GI Health Outcomes Research Program University of California San Francisco Division of Gastroenterology San Francisco General Hospital San Francisco California USA. Michael J. O'Brien MD Department of Pathology Boston University Medical Center Boston Massachusetts USA. David A. Lieberman MD Division of Gastroenterology Portland VA Hospital Portland Oregon USA. David F. Ransohoff MD Bioinformatics Department of Medicine University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA. Roy M. Soetikno MD Gastroenterology Section Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health

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The Role of Animal-Assisted Therapy in Enhancing Patients' Well-Being: Systematic Study of the Qualitative and Quantitative Evidence

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JMIRx med 2024年 5卷 e51787页

作者： Ramendra Pati Pandey Riya Mukherjee Chung-Ming Chang School of Health Sciences & Technology University of Petroleum and Energy Studies Dehradun Uttarakhand India. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan. Master & PhD Program in Biotechnology Industry Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan. Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan.

Background:Animal-assisted therapy, also known as pet therapy, is a therapeutic intervention that involves animals to enhance the well-being of individuals across various populations and settings. Objective:This systematic study aims to assess the outcomes of animal-assisted therapy interventions and explore the associated policies. Methods:A total of 16 papers published between 2015 and 2023 were selected for analysis. These papers were chosen based on their relevance to the research topic of animal-assisted therapy and their availability in scholarly databases. Thematic synthesis and meta-analysis were used to synthesize the qualitative and quantitative data extracted from the selected papers. Results:The analysis included 16 studies that met the inclusion criteria and were deemed to be of moderate or higher quality. Among these studies, 4 demonstrated positive results for therapeutic mediation and one for supportive mediation in psychiatric disorders. Additionally, all studies showed positive outcomes for depression and neurological disorders. Regarding stress and anxiety, 3 studies indicated supportive mediation, while 2 studies showed activating mediation. Conclusions:The overall assessment of animal-assisted therapy shows promise as an effective intervention in promoting well-being among diverse populations. Further research and the establishment of standardized outcome assessment measures and comprehensive policies are essential for advancing the field and maximizing the benefits of animal-assisted therapy.

关键词： animal-assisted therapy outcome assessment pet therapy policies systematic study

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Experimental Philosophical Bioethics

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AJOB empirical bioethics 2020年第1期11卷 30-33页

作者： Earp, Brian D. Demaree-Cotton, Joanna Dunn, Michael Dranseika, Vilius Everett, Jim A C Feltz, Adam Geller, Gail Hannikainen, Ivar R. Jansen, Lynn A. Knobe, Joshua Kolak, Julia Latham, Stephen Lerner, Adam May, Joshua Mercurio, Mark Mihailov, Emilian Rodríguez-Arias, David Rodríguez López, Blanca Savulescu, Julian Sheehan, Mark Strohminger, Nina Sugarman, Jeremy Tabb, Kathryn Tobia, Kevin Department of Philosophy Yale University New Haven CT United States Department of Psychology Yale University New Haven CT United States Yale-Hastings Program in Ethics and Health Policy Hastings Center Garrison NY United States Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Ethox Centre and Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Institute of Philosophy Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania Faculty of Social Sciences Arts and Humanities Kaunas University of Technology Kaunas Lithuania School of Psychology University of Kent Canterbury United Kingdom Department of Psychology University of Oklahoma Norman OK United States Berman Institute of Bioethics Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD United States Department of Law Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Center for Ethics Oregon Health and Sciences University Portland Oregon USA Department of Philosophy Graduate Center CUNY NY United States Interdisciplinary Center for Bioethics Yale University New Haven CT United States Center for Bioethics New York University NY United States Department of Philosophy University of Alabama at Birmingham AL United States Program for Biomedical Ethics Yale Medical School Yale University New Haven CT United States Faculty of Philosophy University of Bucharest Bucharest Romania Institute of Biomedical Ethics University of Basel Basel Switzerland Facultad de Filosofía Universidad de Granada Granada Spain Facultad de Filosofía Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain Wharton School University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA United States Department of Philosophy Bard College NY United States Yale Law School Yale University New Haven CT United States

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Author Correction: Examining the healthy human microbiome concept

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Nature reviews. Microbiology 2025年第3期23卷 206页

作者： Raphaela Joos Katy Boucher Aonghus Lavelle Manimozhiyan Arumugam Martin J Blaser Marcus J Claesson Gerard Clarke Paul D Cotter Luisa De Sordi Maria G Dominguez-Bello Bas E Dutilh Stanislav D Ehrlich Tarini Shankar Ghosh Colin Hill Christophe Junot Leo Lahti Trevor D Lawley Tine R Licht Emmanuelle Maguin Thulani P Makhalanyane Julian R Marchesi Jelle Matthijnssens Jeroen Raes Jacques Ravel Anne Salonen Pauline D Scanlan Andrey Shkoporov Catherine Stanton Ines Thiele Igor Tolstoy Jens Walter Bo Yang Natalia Yutin Alexandra Zhernakova Hub Zwart Joël Doré R Paul Ross APC Microbiome Ireland University College Cork Cork Ireland. School of Microbiology University College Cork Cork Ireland. Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience University College Cork Cork Ireland. Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark. Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine Rutgers University Piscataway NJ USA. Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science University College Cork Cork Ireland. Teagasc Food Research Centre and VistaMilk SFI Research Centre Moorepark Fermoy Moorepark Ireland. Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine Sorbonne Université INSERM Paris France. Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ USA. Institute of Biodiversity Faculty of Biological Sciences Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena Germany. Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics Department of Biology Science for Life Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands. Université Paris-Saclay INRAE MetaGenoPolis (MGP) Jouy-en-Josas France. Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences University College London London UK. Department of Computational Biology Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi (IIIT-Delhi) New Delhi India. Département Médicaments et Technologies pour La Santé (DMTS) Université Paris-Saclay CEA INRAE MetaboHUB Gif-sur-Yvette France. Department of Computing University of Turku Turku Finland. Host-Microbiota Interactions Laboratory Wellcome Sanger Institute Hinxton UK. National Food Institute Technical University of Denmark Kgs. Lyngby Denmark. Université Paris-Saclay INRAE AgroParisTech MICALIS Jouy-en-Josas France. Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa. Division of Digestive Diseases Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction Imperial College London London UK. K

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Call to Action: Data, Diversity, and STEM Education

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Change 2018年第2期50卷 40-47页

作者： Jones, Jason Williams, Aaron Whitaker, Shanta Yingling, Stephanie Inkelas, Karen Gates, John Jason Jones is the Assistant Director of the Office of Diversity and Engagement at the University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science. Throughout his years at UVA he has worked in the Contemplative Sciences Center Curry School of Education Women’s Center and the Office of the Dean of Students. Aaron Williams is the Senior Data Research Scientist in the Office of Diversity and Engagement at the University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science. Before joining UVA Williams worked as a principal data analyst at a Fortune 100 financial technology company building models and reporting dashboards from enterprise scale data warehouses. Shanta Whitaker is a health policy consultant at Logistics Management Institute (LMI) a management consulting firm based in Tysons VA. Before switching to health policy Dr. Whitaker was the Associate Director of the Health Professions Advising Program at Yale University. Stephanie Yingling is a government consultant at Logistics Management Institute (LMI) a management consulting firm based in Tysons VA. An Air Force veteran she is also a PhD candidate pursuing her research in the field of Education focusing areas of Organizational Leadership and Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Inclusion. Karen Kurotsuchi Inkelas is an Associate Professor in the Higher Education Program Curry School of Education at the University of Virginia. She also serves as Research Director for the Crafting Success for Underrepresented Scientists and Engineers Initiative as well as a Research Director of Undergraduate Initiatives for the Contemplative Sciences Center. John Gates is the Associate Dean and Chief Diversity Officer in the University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science. He is also the Principal and Chief Strategist for Criticality Management Consulting.

To meet projected labor demands in science and engineering, the workforce of the future must be educated today in increasing numbers. Indeed, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) underpin the government's ability to defend the nation and to assure the vitality of the economy. STEM jobs are the fastest growing occupational category and, by 2020, 65% of all jobs in the U.S. will require a post-secondary degree with STEM literacy skills (Carnevale, Smith, & Strohl, 2013). However, according to the U.S. Department of Education, less than 25 percent of college students pursuing bachelor's degrees will be specializing in STEM fields (National Center for Education Statistics, 2012). In addition, the current STEM workforce is predominantly male and White or Asian, even as women and racial and ethnic minority groups are projected to comprise greater percentages of the U.S. population in the coming decades. To meet the growing global demand for a STEM workforce, every segment of the U.S. population will need to be engaged in a successful STEM education. A first critical step will be for academia, government, and nongovernmental agencies to understand the challenges diverse students face in their quest to join the STEM workforce. The goal of the project described in this article is to close the achievement gap of underrepresented minority and underserved students (URMS) and to contribute to addressing the STEM crisis facing the nation. In addition to the longitudinal, five phase research project outlined in this article, UVA Engineering's Office of Diversity and Education (ODE) will work to assemble a comprehensive clearinghouse of survey and records data on factors related to STEM education from sources such as admissions, student affairs, student health, academic records and campus-wide surveys in institutional research offices, and UVA's own research and work.

关键词： STEM Education Achievement Gap Disproportionate Representation Minority Group Students Equal Education Higher Education Mixed Methods Research Longitudinal Studies Racial Differences Gender Differences Socioeconomic Status First Generation College Students At Risk Students Information Management Grade Point AverageVirginia

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Cover Picture: The Binding of Fluorophores to Proteins Depends on the Cellular Environment (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 12/2011)

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Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2011年第12期50卷

作者： Dr. Yun Kyung Kim Dr. Jun-Seok Lee Dr. Xuezhi Bi Dr. Hyung-Ho Ha Shin Hui Ng Dr. Young-hoon Ahn Dr. Jae-Jung Lee Dr. Bridget K. Wagner Dr. Paul A. Clemons Prof. Dr. Young-Tae Chang Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Life/Health Division Integrated Omics Center Seoul (Korea) Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development Singapore Bioimaging Consortium A*STAR Biopolis Singapore NUS MedChem Program of the Office of Life Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Pharmacology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD (USA) Chemical Biology Program Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA (USA)

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Smoking and Risk of Colorectal Cancer Sub-classified by Tumor-infiltrating T Cells (vol 111, pg 42, 2019)

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JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE 2019年第12期111卷 1365-1365页

作者： Hamada, Tsuyoshi Department of Oncologic Pathology Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston MAProgram in Molecular Pathological Epidemiology Department of Pathology Department of Oncologic Pathology Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MADepartment of Nutrition Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MADepartment of NutritionDivision of Public Health Sciences Department of Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO Department of Oncologic Pathology Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston MA Department of Oncologic Pathology Department of Oncologic PathologyDepartment of NutritionDivision of Public Health Sciences Department of Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MODepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health School of Public Health Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei P.R. China Department of Oncologic PathologyDepartment of Medical Oncology Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing P.R. China Department of Oncologic Pathology Department of Oncologic PathologyCollege of Pharmacy Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Zhejiang P.R. China Department of Oncologic Pathology Department of Gastroenterology Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Sapporo Japan Department of NutritionDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology Dongguk University Goyang the Republic of Korea Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston MADepartment of

BackgroundEvidence indicates not only carcinogenic effect of cigarette smoking but also its immunosuppressive effect. We hypothesized that the association of smoking with colorectal cancer risk might be stronger for tumors with lower anti-tumor adaptive immune *** follow-up of 134 981 participants (3 490 851 person-years) in the Nurses’ health Study and health Professionals Follow-up Study, we documented 729 rectal and colon cancer cases with available data on T-cell densities in tumor microenvironment. Using the duplication-method Cox regression model, we examined a differential association of smoking status with risk of colorectal carcinoma subclassified by densities of CD3⁺ cells, CD8⁺ cells, CD45RO (PTPRC)⁺ cells, or FOXP3⁺ cells. All statistical tests were *** association of smoking status with colorectal cancer risk differed by CD3⁺ cell density (P_{heterogeneity} = .007). Compared with never smokers, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for CD3⁺ cell-low colorectal cancer were 1.38 (95% confidence interval = 1.09 to 1.75) in former smokers and 1.59 (95% confidence interval = 1.14 to 2.23) in current smokers (P_trend = .002, across smoking status categories). In contrast, smoking status was not associated with CD3⁺ cell-high cancer risk (P_trend = .52). This differential association appeared consistent in strata of microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, or BRAF mutation status. There was no statistically significant differential association according to densities of CD8⁺ cells, CD45RO⁺ cells, or FOXP3⁺ cells (P_{heterogeneity} > .04, with adjusted α of 0.01).ConclusionsColorectal cancer risk increased by smoking was stronger for tumors with lower T-lymphocyte response, suggesting an interplay of smoking and immunity in colorectal carcinogenesis.

关键词： Association (Psychology) cancer risk Smoking Colorectal Cancer Cancer of Colon Cigarette Smoking Immunosuppression (Physiology) Adaptive Immune Response Tumours T-Lymphocytes cigarette smoke

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NOS2 and COX2 Blockade Limits TNBC Disease Progression and Alters CD8 T Cell Spatial Orientation and Density

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Wink, David A. Somasundaram, Veena Ridnour, Lisa A. Cheng, Robert Y.S. Walke, Abigail J. Kedei, Noemi Bhattacharyya, Dibyangana D. Wink, Adelaide L. Edmondson, Elijah F. Butcher, Donna Warner, Andrew C. Dorsey, Tiffany H. Scheiblin, David A. Heinz, William Bryant, Richard J. Kinders, Robert J. Lipkowitz, Stanley Wong, Stephen T.C. Pore, Milind Hewitt, Stephen M. McVicar, Daniel W. Anderson, Stephen K. Chang, Jenny Glynn, Sharon A. Ambs, Stefan Lockett, Stephen J. Cancer Innovation Laboratory Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health FrederickMD United States Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. For the National Cancer Institute FrederickMD United States Collaborative Protein Technology Resource Nanoscale Protein Analysis Office of Science Technology Resources CCR NCI NIH BethesdaMD United States Molecular Histopathology Laboratories Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for NCI FrederickMD United States Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis CCR NCI NIH BethesdaMD United States Department of Urology Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Office of the Director Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis NCI FrederickMD United States Woman’s Malignancy Branch CCR NCI NIH BethesdaMD United States Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Houston Methodist Weill Cornell Medical College HoustonTX United States Imaging Mass Cytometry Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research United States Laboratory of Pathology CCR NCI NIH.12Basic Science Program Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research FrederickMD United States Mary and Ron Neal Cancer Center Houston Methodist Weill Cornell Medical College HoustonTX United States Prostate Cancer Institute National University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland

Anti-tumor immune polarization is a key predictor of clinical outcomes to cancer therapy. An emerging concept influencing clinical outcome involves the spatial location of CD8 + T cells, within the tumor. Our earlier work demonstrated immunosuppressive effects of NOS2 and COX2 tumor expression. Here, we show that NOS2/COX2 levels influence both the polarization and spatial location of lymphoid cells including CD8 + T cells. Importantly, elevated tumor NOS2/COX2 correlated with exclusion of CD8 + T cells from the tumor epithelium. In contrast, tumors expressing low NOS2/COX2 had increased CD8 + T cell penetration into the tumor epithelium. Consistent with a causative relationship between these observations, pharmacological inhibition of COX2 with indomethacin dramatically reduced tumor growth of the 4T1 model of TNBC in both WT and Nos2 - mice. This regimen led to complete tumor regression in ~20-25% of tumor-bearing Nos2 - mice, and these animals were resistant to tumor rechallenge. Th1 cytokines were elevated in the blood of treated mice and intratumoral CD4 + and CD8 + T cells were higher in mice that received indomethacin when compared to control untreated mice. Multiplex immunofluorescence imaging confirmed our phenotyping results and demonstrated that targeted Nos2/Cox2 blockade improved CD8 + T cell penetration into the 4T1 tumor core. These findings are consistent with our observations in low NOS2/COX2 expressing breast tumors proving that COX2 activity is responsible for limiting the spatial distribution of effector T cells in TNBC. Together these results suggest that clinically available NSAID’s may provide a cost-effective, novel immunotherapeutic approach for treatment of aggressive tumors including triple negative breast cancer. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： T-cells

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Genome-wide association study of long COVID

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Nature Genetics 2025年 1-16页

作者： Vilma Lammi Tomoko Nakanishi Samuel E. Jones Juha Karjalainen Martin Broberg Hele H. Haapaniemi Matti Pirinen Mari E. K. Niemi Mattia Cordioli Mark J. Daly Andrea Ganna Hanna M. Ollila J. Brent Richards Yukinori Okada Shea J. Andrews Beatriz Cortés Rafael de Cid Susana Iraola-Guzmán Natalia Blay Xavier Farré Heath E. O’Brien Thompson Hannah Patrick J. Short Ana Ochoa-Guzman Michelle Duran-Gomez Brian E. Fulton-Howard Masahiro Kanai Axel Schmidt Daniella Balla Julia Heggemann Sonja Schultz Pari Behzad Markus M. Nöthen Abigail Miller Kerstin U. Ludwig Ruth E. Mitchell George Davey Smith Nicholas J. Timpson Abdou Mousas Evangelos Evangelou Evangelia Ntzani Konstantinos K. Tsilidis Massimo Mangino Alicia Huerta-Chagoya Nasa Sinnott-Armstrong Elizabeth T. Cirulli Francisco Tanudjaja Efren Sandoval Nicole L. Washington Simon White Alexandre Bolze Kelly M. Schiabor Barrett Marc Vaudel Alex S. F. Kwong Amit K. Maiti Minttu M. Marttila Daniel C. Posner Alexis A. Rodriguez Chiara Batini Beatriz Guillen-Guio Olivia C. Leavy Anna L. Guyatt Catherine John Louise V. Wain Francesca Minnai Anna R. Dearman Benedict Hignell Meena Kumari C. A. Robert Warmerdam Lude H. Franke Celia B. Sequeros Søren Brunak David Westergaard Karina Banasik Thomas W. Winkler Iris M. Heid Daniel M. Jordan Ryan C. Thompson Alexander W. Charney Laura G. Sloofman Nicole W. Simons Noam D. Beckmann Raimonds Rešcenko Vita Rovite Peculis Raitis Monta Briviba Janis Klovinš Laura Ansone Lorenzo Miano Flora Peyvandi Francesco Malvestiti Nicola Montano Alessandra Bandera Francesco Bruno Arturo Blasi Jacqueline M. Lane Jakob M. Cherry Ryan K. Chung Laura Carvajal-Silva Kevin Aguilar-Valdés Leslie C. Cerpa Tamara V. Arévalo Eduardo Lamoza Alicia Colombo Ricardo A. Verdugo Erika Frangione Xu Xinyi Jennifer Taher Jordan Lerner-Ellis Lindsay Guare Shefali S. Verma Ekaterina Vergasova Michil Trofimov Layal Shaheen Nikolay Plotnikov Anna Kim Dmitrii Kharitonov Alexei Kamelin Alexander Rakitko Eirini Marouli Pasquale Striano Ummu Afeera Zainulabid Ashutosh Kumar Hajar Fa Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Department of Human Genetics McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada Centre for Clinical Epidemiology Department of Medicine Lady Davis Institute Jewish General Hospital McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada Kyoto-McGill International Collaborative Program in Genomic Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Department of Genome Informatics Graduate School of Medicine the University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Research Fellow Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Tokyo Japan Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Department of Public Health University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Broad Institute Cambridge MA USA Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Anesthesia Critical Care and Pain Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Department of Twin Research King’s College London London UK 5 Prime Sciences Inc Montreal Quebec Canada Department of Epidemiology Biostatistics and Occupational Health McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada Department of Statistical Genetics Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan Laboratory for Systems Genetics RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences Yokohama Japan Laboratory of Statistical Immunology Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC) Osaka University Suita Japan Departmen

Infections can lead to persistent symptoms and diseases such as shingles after varicella zoster or rheumatic fever after streptococcal infections. Similarly, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) infection can result in long coronavirus disease (COVID), typically manifesting as fatigue, pulmonary symptoms and cognitive dysfunction. The biological mechanisms behind long COVID remain unclear. We performed a genome-wide association study for long COVID including up to 6,450 long COVID cases and 1,093,995 population controls from 24 studies across 16 countries. We discovered an association ofFOXP4with long COVID, independent of its previously identified association with severe COVID-19. The signal was replicated in 9,500 long COVID cases and 798,835 population controls. Given the transcription factor FOXP4’s role in lung physiology and pathology, our findings highlight the importance of lung function in the pathophysiology of long COVID.

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From Military to healthcare: Adopting and Expanding Ethical Principles for Generative Artificial Intelligence

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Oniani, David Hilsman, Jordan Peng, Yifan Poropatich, Ronald K. Pamplin, Jeremy C. Legault, Gary L. Wang, Yanshan Department of Health Information Management University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA United States Department of Population Health Sciences Weill Cornell Medicine New YorkNY United States Division of Pulmonary Allergy & Critical Care Medicine University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA United States Center for Military Medicine Research University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA United States Telemedicine & Advanced Technology Research Center US Army Fort DetrickMD United States Department of Surgery Uniformed Services University BethesdaMD United States Virtual Medical Center Brooke Army Medical Center San AntonioTX United States Intelligent Systems Program University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA United States Department of Biomedical Informatics University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA United States Clinical and Translational Science Institute University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA United States University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center PittsburghPA United States

In 2020, the U.S. Department of Defense officially disclosed a set of ethical principles to guide the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies on future battlefields. Despite stark differences, there are core similarities between the military and medical service. Warriors on battlefields often face life-altering circumstances that require quick decision-making. Medical providers experience similar challenges in a rapidly changing healthcare environment, such as in the emergency department or during surgery treating a life-threatening condition. Generative AI, an emerging technology designed to efficiently generate valuable information, holds great promise. As computing power becomes more accessible and the abundance of health data, such as electronic health records, electrocardiograms, and medical images, increases, it is inevitable that healthcare will be revolutionized by this technology. Recently, generative AI has captivated the research community, leading to debates about its application in healthcare, mainly due to concerns about transparency and related issues. Meanwhile, concerns about the potential exacerbation of health disparities due to modeling biases have raised notable ethical concerns regarding the use of this technology in healthcare. However, the ethical principles for generative AI in healthcare have been understudied, and decision-makers often fail to consider the significance of generative AI. In this paper, we propose GREAT PLEA ethical principles, encompassing governance, reliability, equity, accountability, traceability, privacy, lawfulness, empathy, and autonomy, for generative AI in healthcare. Furthermore, we introduce a framework for adopting and expanding practical ethical principles that have been useful in the military to healthcare for generative AI, based on contrasting their ethical concerns and risks. We aim to proactively address the ethical dilemmas and challenges posed by the integration of generative AI in healthcare. C

关键词： Artificial intelligence

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