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A Machine Learning, Multi-Band Spectral Reflectance Clustering Approach for Examining Physical Transformations in Landfast Sea Ice Environments Affected by Spring Freshets

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Catipovic, Luka Laney, Samuel R. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods HoleMA United States The MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering Cambridge and Woods Hole MA United States City College of New York New YorkNY United States

Highlights• ML algorithms can classify water and sea ice characteristics in the coastal Arctic.• Spring freshet runoff over sea ice is optically distinct from surface melt ponds.• Time-series analyses of satellite ima... 详细信息

关键词： Sea ice

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Novel presentation and pathophysiology of heavy parasitic burdens in Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) during sedation

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BMC Veterinary Research 2025年第1期21卷 1-12页

作者： Shero, Michelle R. Burek-Huntington, Kathy McCorkell, Robert Nadler, Steven A. Rzucidlo, Caroline L. Klink, Amy C. Hindle, Allyson G. Burns, Jennifer M. Johnson, Shawn Biology Department Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA United States Alaska Veterinary Pathology Services Eagle River AK United States Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Canada Department of Entomology and Nematology University of California Davis Davis CA United States MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science & Engineering Woods Hole and Cambridge MA United States School of Life Sciences University of Nevada Las Vegas Las Vegas NV United States Department of Biological Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock TX United States Sea Change Health Sunnyvale CA United States

Background: Marine mammals act as sentinel species, with top predators’ overall health reflecting their ecosystem, integrated across multiple trophic levels. Yet apparently healthy wild animals may have significant subclinical pathology that goes undetected due to unknown medical histories. Marine mammals, particularly phocid seals, often suffer from heavy parasite burdens. While there are documented cases of severe respiratory infections resulting in complications during sedation, there have been no reports of gastrointestinal parasites contributing to poor outcomes during examinations requiring sedation or anesthesia. This report describes two unique presentations of high intestinal parasite loads that purportedly predisposed Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) to complications under sedation, and characterizes underlying pathology. Case presentation: Two adult female Weddell seals exhibited prolonged apnea and vomiting while under intravenous sedation, that led to aspiration and mortality despite resuscitation attempts. Post-mortem examination revealed a severe Diphyllobothrium tapeworm impaction in the duodenum, with the parasitic mass causing a partial or complete obstruction. In both cases, the stomach was remarkably distended, suggesting the parasitic mass slowed gastric emptying. Both animals’ stomachs contained a high parasite burden with roundworms embedded into the mucosa. Histological analysis identified underlying pathological conditions that were likely parasite related, including chronic pneumonia associated with lungworm infestations, reactive, depleted and fibrosed lymph nodes, granulomatous lymphadenitis and hepatitis. Further examination in one of the animals revealed severe gastritis and necrotizing duodenitis at the site of the cestode infection. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first description of a significant gastrointestinal parasitic impaction being linked to acute distress during sedation in a marine mammal. We provide an in

关键词： Cestode Duodenitis Gastritis Inflammation Nematode Obstruction Parasite Pinniped Weddell seal

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Domoic acid induces developmental stage-specific effects on microglia in zebrafish

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Harmful Algae 2025年 146卷 102862页

作者： Hidayat, Alia S. Pitt, Jordan A. Fredricks, Helen Hahn, Mark E. Aluru, Neelakanteswar Biology Department and Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole 02543 MA United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) – Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Joint Graduate Program in Oceanography and Oceanographic Engineering United States Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry department Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole 02543 MA United States Center for American Progress WA 20002 DC United States Exponent Inc 1075 Worcester Street Natick 01760 MA United States

Harmful algal blooms (HABs), driven by warming oceans and increased eutrophication, are negatively affecting aquatic ecosystems as well as human health. Blooms of diatom Pseudo-nitzschia spp. produce a neurotoxin, domoic acid (DA), which can be concentrated by filter feeders, including shellfish. Consumption of DA-contaminated seafood causes amnesic shellfish poisoning. DA causes well-established effects on neurons, inducing neurotoxicity by binding to ionotropic glutamate receptors. However, its effects on non-neuronal cells including microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain, are less well understood. Microglia play critical roles in brain health, and disruptions in microglial activity during development can have long-term impacts on brain function and disease risk. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of developmental DA exposure on microglia using zebrafish (Danio rerio). We characterized effects of DA exposure on microglial abundance and morphology at two developmental stages (2 and 4 days post-fertilization (dpf)). We additionally assessed impacts on cell death, cytokine expression, and startle response behavior. In older larvae (4 dpf), microglial effects occurred only at the highest dose (0.3 ng DA per larvae) and coincided with severe morphological defects. In contrast, 2 dpf exposure to lower doses (0.1 ng DA per embryo) caused transient tremors without gross abnormalities but exposure to either 0.1 or 0.3 ng DA per larvae increased microglial abundance and altered microglial morphology. In contrast, 4 dpf exposure to 0.3 ng DA per larvae reduced microglial numbers. Increases in mRNA levels of il1b, il4, and tgfb were observed after 4 dpf exposure, but no significant cytokine changes were detected at 2 dpf. Overall, the effects of DA are highly developmental stage-specific, with microglial reactivity occurring at doses that do not cause gross morphological changes. These findings suggest that neuroinflammation may arise at lower D

关键词： Amnesic shellfish poisoning Brain Glial cells Glutamate receptor Harmful algal blooms Neurotoxicity

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Rapid recovery of an arctic lake ecosystem from a pulse disturbance caused by thermokarst failure

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Oecologia 2025年第6期207卷 1-16页

作者： Budy, Phaedra Pennock, Casey. A. Messenger, Sarah Pehrson, Hunter Adler, Emily Thiede, Gary P. Christman, Natasha R. Crump, Byron C. Giblin, Anne E. Kling, George W. U.S. Geological Survey Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Utah State University Logan UT United States Department of Watershed Sciences Utah State University Logan UT United States Department of Evolution Ecology and Organismal Biology and Aquatic Ecology Laboratory The Ohio State University Columbus OH United States The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole Falmouth MA United States College of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis OR United States Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography and Applied Ocean Science and Engineering Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole Falmouth MA United States Department of Integrative Biology University of Wisconsin Madison WI United States

Due to rapid climate change, arctic ecosystems are experiencing an increase in disturbances including localized land-surface failures caused by melting ground ice (thermokarst failures). These failures result in the mass transport of sediment and organic materials into surface waters, with the potential to dramatically alter aquatic ecosystem function and biotic interactions. We coupled direct comparisons and long-term data of a suite of abiotic and biotic variables in a thermokarst-impacted lake and nearby reference lake to assess the impacts of thermokarst failure. After the thermokarst failure and relative to long-term averages, water transparency was substantially reduced. We hypothesized there would be subsequent changes to lower trophic levels and profound declines in fish foraging efficiency. However, these characteristics were within the range of natural variability and/or rapidly recovered to values within the range of long-term variability. In addition, although there was limited evidence of taxa-specific changes, we did not observe any strong changes in the total relative densities, growth rates, or composition of the bacterioplankton and zooplankton communities, benthic macroinvertebrates, or changes in fish diet, that could be attributed statistically to the thermokarst event. In sum, the thermokarst disturbance had substantial effects on water transparency and some lower trophic levels, which surprisingly were not manifested in higher trophic levels. Overall, the lake ecosystem appeared resistant to thermokarst disturbance with rapid recovery within two years after the disturbance. © The Authors. Parts of this work were authored by US Federal Government authors and are not under copyright protection in the US;foreign copyright protection may apply. 2025.

关键词： Climate change Fish Microbe Warming Water quality Zooplankton

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Corrigendum to “Biochemical implications of the Bottom Boundary Layer Detachment at the Mid-Atlantic Bight shelf-break front” [Continent. Shelf Res. 286 (2025) 105408]

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Continental Shelf Research 2025年 288卷

作者： Serena Negroni Dennis J. McGillicuddy Glen G. Gawarkiewicz Paolo Oddo Nadia Pinardi Department of Physics and Astronomy (DIFA) University of Bologna Bologna 40126 Italy MIT/WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Sciences and Engineering Woods Hole 02543 MA USA Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole 02543 MA USA

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Development of a six-degree of freedom simulation model for the REMUS autonomous underwater vehicle

Development of a six-degree of freedom simulation model for ...

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OCEANS

作者： T. Prestero MIT/WHOI Joint Program in Oceanographic Engineering USA

Describes the development and verification of a six degree of freedom, non-linear simulation model for the REMUS AUV, the first such model for this platform. In this model, the external forces and moments resulting from hydrostatics, hydrodynamic lift and drag, added mass, and the control inputs of the vehicle propeller and fins are all defined in terms of vehicle coefficients. The paper briefly describes the derivation of these coefficients. The equations determining the coefficients, as well as those describing the vehicle rigid-body dynamics, are left in non-linear form to better simulate the inherently non-linear behavior of the vehicle. Simulation of the vehicle motion is achieved through numeric integration of the equations of motion. The simulator output is then verified against vehicle dynamics data collected in experiments performed at sea. The simulator is shown to accurately model the motion of the vehicle. The paper concludes with recommendations for future model validation experiments.

关键词： Underwater vehicles Vehicle dynamics Remotely operated vehicles Propellers Nonlinear equations Marine vehicles Hydrodynamics Automotive engineering Life testing Costs

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oceanographic pursuit: Networked control of multiple vehicles tracking dynamic ocean features

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Methods in Oceanography 2014年 10卷 21-43页

作者： Reed, Brooks Hover, Franz Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Cambridge 02139 MA United States MIT-WHOI Joint Program Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA United States

We present an integrated framework for joint estimation and pursuit of dynamic features in the ocean, over large spatial scales and with multiple collaborating vehicles relying on limited communications. Our approach uses ocean model predictions to design closed-loop networked control at short time scales, and the primary innovation is to represent model uncertainty via a projection of ensemble forecasts into local linearized vehicle coordinates. Based on this projection, we identify a stochastic linear time-invariant model for estimation and control design. The methodology accurately decomposes spatial and temporal variations, exploits coupling between sites along the feature, and allows for advanced methods in communication-constrained control. Simulations with three example datasets successfully demonstrate the proof-of-concept. © 2014 The Authors.

关键词： Autonomous underwater vehicles Collaborative control Ensemble forecasts Feature tracking Linearization System identification

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Tracking Ocean Fronts with Multiple Vehicles and Mixed Communication Losses

Tracking Ocean Fronts with Multiple Vehicles and Mixed Commu...

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IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems

作者： Brooks L. Reed Franz S. Hover the MIT/WHOI Joint Program in Oceanographic Engineering MIT Department of Mechanical Engineering

ISBN: (纸本)9781467363563

We make two contributions toward integrated monitoring over large spatial scales, with multiple collaborating vehicles. Our focus is dynamic ocean features such as fronts and plumes. To support strong networked-control designs, we first develop a clean linear time-invariant framework for tracking features, that directly couples the global structure of the process to vehicle positioning. To address the packet loss inherent in underwater acoustic communications, we then extend the synthesis technique of Imer et al. [1] to the case where measurements and control commands suffer loss with differing statistics among the multiple channels. Simulations show that the integrated feedback system achieves good performance in front tracking.

关键词： Tracking Ocean Fronts Multiple Vehicles Mixed Communication Losses

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LONGSHORE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT DATA: A REVIEW 16

LONGSHORE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT DATA: A REVIEW

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16th International Conference on Coastal engineering 1978

作者： Greer, Matthew N. Madsen, Ole Secher MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanographic Engineering R.M. Parsons Lab. Dept. of Civil Engineering MIT CambridgeMA United States Dept. of Civil Engineering MIT CambridgeMA United States

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Reprocessing the NEAT Dataset: Preliminary Results

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Nugent, C.R. Bauer, J.M. Benitez, O. Blain, M. D’Souza, N. Garimella, S. Goldwater, M. Kim, Y. Larsen, H.C.G. Linder, T. Mackowiak, K. McGinnis, Z. Pan, E. Pedersen, C.C. Sadhwani, P. Spoto, F. Tan, N.J. Vereš, P. Xue, C. Olin College of Engineering 1000 Olin Way NeedhamMA02492 United States Department of Astronomy University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Earth and Space Sciences College of the Canyons Santa ClaritaCA91355 United States MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Applied Ocean Science & Engineering Cambridge and Woods Hole MA United States Department of Applied Ocean Physics & Engineering Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 266 Woods Hole Road MS #55 Woods HoleMA02543-1050 United States Aalborg University Fibigerstræde 16 Aalborg9220 Denmark Planetary Science Institute TucsonAZ85719 United States Minor Planet Center Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States School of Physical and Chemical Sciences Te Kura Matū University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch8140 New Zealand

We have created a new image analysis pipeline to reprocess images taken by the Near Earth Asteroid Tracking survey and have applied it to ten nights of observations. This work is the first large-scale reprocessing of images from an asteroid discovery survey in which thousands of archived images are re-calibrated, searched for minor planets, and resulting observations are reported to the Minor Planet Center. We describe the software used to extract, calibrate, and clean sources from the images, including specific techniques that accommodate the unique features of these archival images. This pipeline is able to find fainter asteroids than the original pipeline. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Asteroids

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