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International Conference on European Electricity Market, EEM

作者： Sergey Paltsev MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA

Until recently, most natural gas trade has been limited to the regional scale due to the challenges of transporting gas over long distances. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) - an option that reduces the volume of gas about 600 times allowing for transportation by ship - has created an opportunity for expansion of the international market for natural gas. Pipeline option shows cost competitiveness for short to medium distances and for inland destinations, but it suffers from geological and political constraints. LNG provides an option to diversify supplies and we here we assess the LNG prospects for the next decade. The LNG trading volumes are projected to increase from about 240 Mt LNG in 2013 to about 340-360 Mt LNG in 2020. Longer-term projections show a potential for a substantial growth of LNG, but the challenges exist due to a potentially weaker demand from Asia. On the other side, geopolitical tensions might increase LNG flows to Europe.

关键词： Liquefied natural gas Europe Pipelines Australia Production Economics

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A second update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19

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Nature 2023年第7977期621卷 E7-E26页

作者： Masahiro Kanai Christine Stevens Benjamin M. Neale Mark Daly Andrea Ganna Amy Trankiem Mary K. Balaconis Samuli Ripatti Lindo Nkambul Mark J. Daly Sam Bryant Matthew Solomonson Shea J. Andrews Mattia Cordioli Juha Karjalainen Juha Mehtonen Matti Pirinen Andrea Corbetta Bradley Jermy Kati Donner Katja Kivinen Aarno Palotie Mari Kaunisto Kumar Veerapen Konrad J. Karczewski Alicia R. Martin Elizabeth G. Atkinson Kristin Tsuo Nikolas Baya Rahul Gupta Raymond K. Walters Duncan S. Palmer Gopal Sarma Nathan Cheng Wenhan Lu Claire Churchhouse Jacqueline I. Goldstein Daniel King Wei Zhou Cotton Seed Hilary Finucane F. Kyle Satterstrom Gita A. Pathak Akiko Iwasaki Karolina Chwialkowska Karolina Chwiałkowska Brooke N. Wolford Hajar Fauzan Ahmad Shea Andrews Kathrin Aprile von Hohenstaufen Puoti Palwende R. Boua Guillaume Butler-Laporte Celia M. T. Greenwood Bartha M. Knoppers Mark Lathrop Carmen L. Cadilla Francesca Colombo Nicole Dueker Chloe Kirk Atanu Kumar Dutta Yasser M. El-Sherbiny Jehan J. El-Jawhari Doaa Shahin Ahmed Elzeiny Tamer A. Mansour Madonna M. Eltoukhy Attia A. S. Mohamed Sahar Esmaeeli Annika Faucon Israel Fernández Cadenas Israel Fernandez-Cadenas Laia Llucià-Carol Natalia Cullell Elena Muiño Jara Cárcel-Márquez Margherita Francescatto Laurent Francioli Lindokuhle Nkambule Jatin Arora Soumya Raychaudhuri Caroline Cusick Lude Franke Macarena Fuentes Macarena Fuentes-Guajardo David Gómez Cabrero Emi N. Harry Philip Jansen József L. Szentpéteri Réka Várnai Elżbieta Kaja Athanasios Kousathanas Dorote Pasko Mark J. Caulfield Alex Stuckey Christopher A. Odhams Susan Walker Daniel Rhodes Richard H. Scott Loukas Moutsianas Afshan Siddiq Peter Goddard Sally Donovan Tala Zainy Fiona Maleady-Crowe Linda Todd Shahla Salehi Greg Elgar Georgia Chan Prabhu Arumugam Christine Patch Augusto Rendon Tom A. Fowler Jose E. Krieger Sanjay K. Patel Audrey Lemaçon Sophie Limou Pietro Lió Eirini Marouli Charles Hinds Minttu M. Marttila Carolina Medina-Gómez Isabelle Migeotte Soumyajit Mondal Andrés Moreno-Estrada Leire Moya Tomok Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Department of Biomedical Informatics Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Public Health Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Analytic & Translational Genetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research & Program in Medical and Population Genetics Cambridge UK Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) Univerisity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine Yale University New Haven CT USA Veteran Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven CT USA Yale University New Haven CT USA Centre for Bioinformatics and Data Analysis Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok Poland Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Pahang Malaysia Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA Genolier Innovation Network and Hub Swiss Medical Network Genolier Healthcare Campus Genolier Switzerland Immediate Independent Multidisciplinary Med & Biotech Research Association Milan Italy Clinical Research Unit of Nanor

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The Power Surge by Michael Levi

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International Politics Reviews 2013年第2期1卷 117-131页

作者： Johannes Urpelainen Emily Meierding Jesse D Jenkins Joshua Busby Michael Levi Department of Political Science Columbia University Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies Geneva Switzerland Technology & Policy Program and MIT Energy Institute Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge

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71 Genomic regions flanking E-box binding sites influence DNA binding specificity of bHLH transcription factors through DNA shape

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Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics 2013年第SUPP 1期31卷 45-46页

作者： Raluca Gordan[a][b][*] Ning Shen[c] Iris Dror[d] Tianyin Zhou[d] John Horton[b] Remo Rohs[d] & Martha L. Bulyk[e][f] [a] Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Computer Science and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Duke University Durham NC USA [b] Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA Phone: Phone: +1 (919) 667-8673 Fax: Phone: +1 (919) 667-8673 [c] Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA [d] Molecular and Computational Biology Program Departments of Biological Sciences Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy University of Southern California 1050 Childs Way Los Angeles CA 90089 USA [e] Division of Genetics Departments of Medicine and Pathology Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA [f] Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (HST) Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA

Transcriptional regulation of gene expression is enacted mainly through binding of transcription factors (TFs) to specific, short DNA sites in cis-regulatory regions of genes. Most TFs are members of protein families that share a common DNA-binding domain and thus recognize similar DNA-binding sequences. It is not well understood why paralogous TFs often bind different genomic target sitesin vivoto effect different regulatory programs, despite apparently recognizing the same sequence motifs. Here, we designed custom protein-binding microarrays (PBMs) to analyze the DNA-binding specificities of twoSaccharomyces cerevisiaebasic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins, Tye7 and Cbf1, as a model system. Our data reveal that E-box DNA-binding sequences (CAnnTG), when tested in the context of their native genomic flanking sequences, are bound differently by Cbf1 and Tye7. Computational models of the PBM data indicate that DNA sequence features located in the genomic sequences outside the E-box contribute to DNA-binding specificityin vitro. Our analyses suggest that these flanking regions affect DNA-binding specificity indirectly by influencing the three-dimensional structure of the E-box binding sites. Finally, we show that these subtle differences in intrinsic sequence preferences of Cbf1 and Tye7in vitrohelp to explain their differential DNA-binding preferencesin vivo. Our results provide further evidence that the local shape of DNA-binding sites may be an important feature in distinguishing the DNA-binding preferences among paralogous TFs and thus may play a widespread role in determining how transcriptional regulatory specificity within TF families is achieved.

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Building Social Services

Building Social Services

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7th IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference

作者： Klym, Natalie Montpetit, Marie Jose Blain, Emmanuel MIT Communications Futures Program United States MIT Research Laboratory in Electronics MIT Communications Futures Program United States MIT Technology and Policy Program United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424451753

Making a service social means providing a way for users to engage with a product or service as a group. We are specifically interested in groups based on connections that are established using the emerging online social networking tools like Facebook, My Space, etc. This paper explores the value chain dynamics resulting from the integration of social networks with a given service. The example we will be using in this paper involves social TV applications, with a focus on social discovery. We hypothesize that these mashup social services introduce new control points in a given service's value chain, which complement or compete with existing control points. The paper focuses on the North American experience.

关键词： Social networking (online)

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Coordinated strategies for ethanol and flex fuel vehicle deployment: A quantitative assessment of the feasibility of biofuel targets

Coordinated strategies for ethanol and flex fuel vehicle dep...

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SAE 2010 World Congress and Exhibition

作者： McAulay, Jeffrey Heywood, John B. Technology and Policy Program MIT United States Sloan Automotive Laboratory MIT United States

The goal of this paper is to quantitatively assess the implications of congressionally mandated biofuel targets on requirements for ethanol blending, distribution, and usage in spark ignition engines in the U.S. light-duty vehicle fleet. The "blend wall" is a term that refers to the maximum amount of ethanol that can be blended into the gasoline pool without exceeding the legal volumetric blend limit of 10%. Beyond the blend wall, the additional ethanol fuel must be used in higher blends of ethanol like E85. Once the blend wall is reached, the existing fleet of flex fuel vehicles (FFVs) will be required to use E85 for some percentage of vehicle miles traveled (VMT) in order to achieve the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) targets. The feasibility of this requirement will depend on several major variables including (i) the total amount of ethanol to be used;(ii) the volumetric blend limit of ethanol in gasoline;(iii) the annual sales and fleet accumulation of FFVs;(iv) the availability of retail stations offering E85;(v) a measure of the attractiveness of E85 relative to gasoline relative to the price;and (iv) whether engine technology can be deployed to take advantage of the antiknock advantages of ethanol. A fleet model has been developed by several researchers in the Sloan Automotive Laboratory at mit that can simulate the interaction of these variables in the US light-duty vehicle (LDV) fleet. Different scenarios can be adjusted individually or as a set of coordinated policies to observe the effect on the total energy equivalent fuel demand. Results from the model show that in order to meet current biofuel targets the retail availability of E85 will need to increase drastically, and at a faster rate than the current trends indicate. The certification of E15 can delay the blend wall by a few years, but results still show likely shortfalls in reaching current biofuel targets even with aggressive deployment of FFVs. Copyright © 2010 SAE International.

关键词： Ethanol

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Cost and U.S. public policy for new coal power plants with carbon capture and sequestration

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Energy Procedia 2009年第1期1卷 4487-4494页

作者： Michael R. Hamilton Howard J. Herzog John E. Parsons Carbon Capture and Sequestration Program MIT Energy Initiative Massachusetts Institute of Technology E40-447 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology E40-435 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA

This paper provides a financial analysis for new supercritical pulverized coal plants with carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) that compares the effects of two relevant climate policies. First, an updated cost estimate is presented for new supercritical pulverized coal plants, both with and without CCS. The capital cost escalation of recent years can be attributed to rising materials, plant supply, and plant contractor constraints. This estimate is then compared with recent estimates from public sources. Second, several current and proposed public policies relevant to CCS are presented. Finally, a financial analysis is performed to evaluate the effectiveness of two likely US carbon regulations on deploying Nth-plant CCS technology. The major conclusion is that the leading US carbon cap-and-trade bills will likely not be sufficient to deploy CCS technology in a manner consistent with a 550 ppm CO 2 stabilization scenario. A more aggressive carbon policy including CCS research, development, and demonstration must be considered to achieve this goal with significant CCS deployment.

关键词： Carbon capture and sequestration CCS Financing electric power plants United States climate change policy

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Risk Premiums in Electricity Forward Prices - Data from the ISO New England Market

Risk Premiums in Electricity Forward Prices - Data from the ...

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5th International Conference on the European Electricity Market (EEM 2008), vol.2

作者： John E. Parsons Guillaume De Roo Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Technology and Policy Program MIT Cambridge MA USA

We document the forward premiums in the ISO New England wholesale electricity market, measured by the difference between the hourly day-ahead and real-time prices. Following Longstaff and Wang (2004), we show how these premiums are related to the variance and skewness of the real-time price distribution and how the premiums vary conditionally to reflect the varying uncertainty in the real-time price.

关键词： Electricity Forward Premium

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Economic modeling of a seawater pumped-storage system in the context of São Miguel

Economic modeling of a seawater pumped-storage system in the...

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2008 IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies, ICSET 2008

作者： Pina, André Ioakimidis, Christos S. Ferrão, Paulo Sustainable Energy Systems within the MIT Portugal Program and the Centre for Innovation Technology and Policy Research at Instituto Superior Técnico Technical University of Lisbon Portugal Department of Mechanical Engineering at Instituto Superior Técnico Technical University of Lisbon with the Centre for Innovation Technology and Policy Research Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal Centre for Innovation Department of Mechanical Engineering at Instituto Superior Técnico Technical University of Lisbon Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9781424418886

The energy situation in remote islands is becoming critical with high fuel import costs preventing the islands from developing at a faster pace. São Miguel is an island located in the middle of the Atlantic with extensive renewable resources whose utilization is limited by low base load levels and lack of storage facilities. Using an economic optimization model, this work suggests using a seawater pumped-storage system to increase the penetration of renewable energy in the system. Several scenarios are analyzed and compare to determine the sensitivity of the solution and determine if it is a good option. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： Seawater

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Introduction of electric vehicles in an island as a driver to increase renewable energy penetration

Introduction of electric vehicles in an island as a driver t...

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IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies, ICSET

作者： Andre Pina Christos S. Ioakimidis Paulo Ferrao Sustainable Energy Systems MIT Portugal Program and the Centre for Innovation Technical University of Lisbon Portugal Department of Mechanical Engineering Instituto Superior Técnico Techincal University of Lisbon and the Centre for Innovation Technology and Policy Research Lisboa Portugal Centre for Innovation Technology and Policy Research Department of Mechanical Engeneering Instituto Superior Técnico Technical University of Lisbon Portugal

The energy problem in autonomous systems, such as islands, promotes the use of renewable forms of energy. The transportation sector, which is a significant part of the energy equation, could allow major breakthroughs by using electric vehicles that can be used for energy storage and sustainable mobility. Current technologies can already be used in smaller islands, such as Flores, where mobility needs are small and a large penetration of renewable energy exists. This work analyzes electric vehicles as alternatives to regular vehicles, but also as a way of building base load demand that can support the increase of renewable energy penetration.

关键词： Electric vehicles Renewable energy resources Production Technological innovation Transportation Energy storage Wind energy Energy consumption Petroleum Analytical models

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