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arXiv 2025年

作者： Song, Ji-Yu Qi, Jing-Zhao Zhang, Jing-Fei Zhang, Xin Key Laboratory of Cosmology and Astrophysics Department of Physics College of Sciences Northeastern University Liaoning Province Shenyang110819 China Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry Ministry of Education Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China

The Hubble tension has emerged as a critical crisis in cosmology, with the cause remaining unclear. Determining the Hubble constant (H0) independently of cosmological models and distance ladders will help resolve this crisis. In this letter, we for the first time use 47 gravitational-wave (GW) standard sirens from the third Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog to calibrate distances in the strong lensing system, RXJ1131-1231, and constrain H0 through the distance-sum rule, with minimal cosmological assumptions. We assume that light propagation over long distances is described by the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker metric and that geometrical optics holds, but we do not need to assume the universe’s contents or the theory of gravity on cosmological scales. Fixing ΩK = 0, we obtain H0 = 73.22+5−5.9543 km s−1 Mpc−1 and H0 = 70.40+8−5.0360 km s−1 Mpc−1 by using the deflector galaxy’s mass model and kinematic measurements to break mass-sheet transform, respectively. When ΩK is not fixed, the central value of H0 increases further. We find that our results are still dominated by statistical errors, and at the same time, we notice the great potential of using GW dark sirens to provide calibration, owing to their higher redshifts. When using 42 binary black holes and RXJ1131-1231, we obtain a 8.46% H0 constraint precision, which is better than that from the bright siren GW170817 using the Hubble law by about 40%. In the future, as the redshift range of GW dark sirens increases, more and more SGLTDs can be included, and we can achieve high-precision, model-independent measurements of H0 without the need for GW bright sirens. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cosmology

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4D-CS: Exploiting Cluster Prior for 4D Spatio-Temporal LiDAR Semantic Segmentation

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhong, Jiexi Li, Zhiheng Cui, Yubo Fang, Zheng The Faculty of Robot Science and Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China The National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry Ministry of Education Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China

Semantic segmentation of LiDAR points has significant value for autonomous driving and mobile robot systems. Most approaches explore spatio-temporal information of multi-scan to identify the semantic classes and motion states for each point. However, these methods often overlook the segmentation consistency in space and time, which may result in point clouds within the same object being predicted as different categories. To handle this issue, our core idea is to generate cluster labels across multiple frames that can reflect the complete spatial structure and temporal information of objects. These labels serve as explicit guidance for our dual-branch network, 4D-CS, which integrates point-based and cluster-based branches to enable more consistent segmentation. Specifically, in the point-based branch, we leverage historical knowledge to enrich the current feature through temporal fusion on multiple views. In the cluster-based branch, we propose a new strategy to produce cluster labels of foreground objects and apply them to gather point-wise information to derive cluster features. We then merge neighboring clusters across multiple scans to restore missing features due to occlusion. Finally, in the point-cluster fusion stage, we adaptively fuse the information from the two branches to optimize segmentation results. Extensive experiments confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, and we achieve state-of-the-art results on the multi-scan semantic and moving object segmentation on SemanticKITTI and nuScenes datasets. The code will be available at https://***/NEU-REAL/***. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Probing the sign-changeable interaction between dark energy and dark matter with DESI baryon acoustic oscillations and DES supernovae data

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Tian-Nuo Du, Guo-Hong Li, Yun-He Wu, Peng-Ju Jin, Shang-Jie Zhang, Jing-Fei Zhang, Xin Liaoning Key Laboratory of Cosmology and Astrophysics College of Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China School of Physics Ningxia University Yinchuan750021 China Department of Physics University of Western Australia PerthWA6009 Australia MOE Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China

There is a possibility of interaction between dark energy and dark matter, and this interaction may also undergo a sign change during the evolution of the universe. In this paper, we utilize the latest observational data to constrain models of a sign-changeable interaction. The data we employ, in addition to the cosmic microwave background data, also encompass the first-year baryon acoustic oscillation data from DESI and the type Ia supernova data of the full 5-year observation from DES. To achieve high generality, we investigate four interacting dark energy (IDE) models with different forms of the interaction term Q: (i) IDE1 with Q = β(a)Hρde;(ii) IDE2 with Q = β(a)Hρc;(iii) IDE3 with Q = β(a)H0ρde;(iv) IDE4 with Q = β(a)H0ρc. From the analysis, we observe that β(z) > 0 at early times and β(z) Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Supernovae

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Cosmological search for sterile neutrinos after DESI 2024

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Du, Guo-Hong Li, Tian-Nuo Wu, Peng-Ju Feng, Lu Zhou, Sheng-Han Zhang, Jing-Fei Zhang, Xin Liaoning Key Laboratory of Cosmology and Astrophysics College of Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China School of Physics Ningxia University Yinchuan750021 China College of Physical Science and Technology Shenyang Normal University Shenyang110034 China MOE Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China

The question of whether the massive sterile neutrinos exist remains a crucial unresolved issue in both particle physics and cosmology. We explore the cosmological constraints on the massive sterile neutrinos using the latest observational data, including the baryon acoustic oscillations data from DESI, the cosmic microwave background data from Planck satellite and ACT, and the 5-year Type Ia supernova data and the 3-year weak-lensing data from DES. We search for the massive sterile neutrinos within the ΛCDM, wCDM, and w0waCDM models. Our analysis shows that when considering massive sterile neutrinos within the w0waCDM model, the combined datasets allow us to infer a non-zero sterile neutrino mass at approximately 2σ confidence level. Specifically, in the w0waCDM+Sterile model, the effective mass of sterile neutrinos and the effective number of relativistic species are constrained to be meffν,sterile = 0.50+0.33−0.27 eV and Neff = 3.076+0.011−0.017, respectively. However, the ΛCDM+Sterile and wCDM+Sterile models could not provide evidence supporting the existence of massive sterile neutrinos. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cosmology

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Cosmological perturbations in the energy-momentum squared gravity theory:constraints from gravitational wave standard sirens and redshift space distortions

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Chinese Physics C 2025年第04期 202-211页

作者：付启铭张鑫 Institute of Physics Shaanxi University of Technology Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Provinceand Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory andApplications of MoELanzhou University Key Laboratory of Cosmology and Astrophysics (Liaoning) & College of Sciences Northeastern University Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry (Ministry of Education) Northeastern University National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization Northeastern University

We investigate the linear cosmological perturbations in the context of the so-called energy-momentum squared gravity(EMSG) *** research shows that the EMSG theory can reproduce a viable background cosmological evolution comparable to ΛCDM,whereas the matter-dominated era exhibits slight *** this paper,we focus on power-law EMSG models and derive the equations for the linear cosmological *** explore the propagation of the gravitational wave(GW) and the growth of matter density perturbation at the first order,and we estimate the model parameters from the simulated GW and observed redshift space distortion *** analysis reveals that the model parameters should be small and positive in the 1 σ confidence interval,which indicates that the theory agrees closely with the observational data and can be considered an alternative to the standard cosmological model.

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The universal crossover from thermodynamics and dynamics of supercritical RN-AdS black hole

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhao, Zi-Qiang Nie, Zhang-Yu Zhang, Jing-Fei Zhang, Xin College of Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China Center for Gravitation and Astrophysics Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming650500 China Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry Ministry of Education Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China

We study the properties of supercritical Reissner-Nordström Anti-de Sitter (RN-AdS) black holes in the extended phase space with the pressure defines as the cosmological constant. Supercritical black holes exist in the region where both temperature and pressure exceed the critical point, known as the supercritical region. The conventional view states that black holes in this regime are indistinguishable between large and small phases. However, recent research reveals that the supercritical regime exhibits universal gas-like and liquid-like phase separation, which shed light on the study on the supercritical region of RN-AdS black holes in the extended phase space. In this work, we calculate the thermodynamic potential and quasinormal modes (QNMs) of RN-AdS black holes, and identify transition curves between two different states in supercritical region using thermodynamic and dynamic methods. On one hand, we find the thermodynamic crossover curve (Widom line) by defining the scaled variance Ω (a higher-order derivative of Gibbs free energy). On the other hand, we identify the dynamic crossover curve (Frenkel line) by analyzing transitions between distinct QNM decay modes. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gibbs free energy

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A search for sterile neutrinos in interacting dark energy models using DESI baryon acoustic oscillations and DES supernovae data

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Physics of the Dark Universe 2025年 48卷

作者： Feng, Lu Li, Tian-Nuo Du, Guo-Hong Zhang, Jing-Fei Zhang, Xin College of Physical Science and Technology Shenyang Normal University Shenyang 110034 China Key Laboratory of Cosmology and Astrophysics (Liaoning) & College of Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry (Ministry of Education) Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China

Sterile neutrinos can influence the evolution of the universe, and thus cosmological observations can be used to search for sterile neutrinos. In this study, we utilized the latest baryon acoustic oscillations data from DESI, combined with the cosmic microwave background data from Planck and the five-year supernova data from DES, to constrain the interacting dark energy (IDE) models involving both cases of massless and massive sterile neutrinos. We consider four typical forms of the interaction term Q=βHρ_de, Q=βHρ_c, Q=βH₀ρ_de, and Q=βH₀ρ_c, respectively. Our analysis indicates that the current data provide only a hint of the existence of massless sterile neutrinos (as dark radiation) at about the 1σ level. In contrast, no evidence supports the existence of massive sterile neutrinos. Furthermore, in IDE models, the inclusion of (massless/massive) sterile neutrinos has a negligible impact on the constraint of the coupling parameter β. The IDE model of Q=βHρ_c with sterile neutrinos does not favor an interaction. However, the other three IDE models with sterile neutrinos support an interaction in which dark energy decays into dark matter. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Cosmological observations Cosmological parameters Interacting dark energy Sterile neutrinos

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Rapid Detection 2-Butanone Gas Sensors Based on Biphase In2O3 Nanocubes Modified With Ag NPs and SnO2 QDs at Low Working Temperature

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IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 2025年 74卷

作者： Guo, Yinghao Yuan, Zhenyu Guo, Zhongming Ran, Mengran Meng, Fanli Northeastern University College of Information Science and Engineering Shenyang110819 China Northeastern University College of Information Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry Ministry of Education Shenyang110819 China Hebei Key Laboratory of MicroNano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology Qinhuangdao066004 China

Increasing attention has been paid to environmental protection and human health. The 2-butanone is widely applied in industrial and pharmaceutical production causing small-area high-concentration harmful gas and large-area air pollution. The importance of quick and accurate detection is self-evident. In this work, the butanone-sensitive biphase In2O3 nanocubes codecorated with SnO2quantum dots (QDs) and Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared through a two-step hydrothermal strategy. Meanwhile, a fantastic detection speed and ultrahigh selectivity at lower operating temperatures were experimentally determined. The test results show that the 1 mol% SnO2 QDs and 3 mol% Ag NPs codecorated In2O3-based sensor have an ultrafast response speed (4.6 s) and a better response value (119) at the low working temperature ( (160 ◦C)) to 50-ppm 2-butanone gas. Compared to the previous work, it has significantly improved the cross-selectivity with acetone. With rh-In2O3 being highly defective crystal surfaces and abundant oxygen vacancies, the biphase homojunction plays a key role in decreasing working temperature, for electron flow between two crystalline phase interfaces. The electronic sensitization effect of the Ag element and the quantum effect of SnO2 QDs accelerate the detection speed. Moreover, the heterojunction between rh-In2 O3 and SnO2 and the Schottky junction between Ag NPs and c-In2O3 largely improve the response capability. The significance of this study is not only to provide a sensor that can accurately detect butanone gas in industrial production and air pollution but also to provide new design ideas for preparing rapid detection semiconductor gas sensors at low working temperatures. The sensor performance in this study indicates that this sensor design scheme can enhance the accuracy and detection speed of butanone sensors used in exhaust gas detection. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Air quality

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Detecting stochastic gravitational wave background from cosmic strings with next-generation detector networks: Component separation based on a multi-source astrophysical foreground noise model

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wang, Geng-Chen Jin, Hong-Bo Zhang, Xin Liaoning Key Laboratory of Cosmology and Astrophysics College of Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal University Beijing China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China The International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China MOE Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China

Detecting stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) from cosmic strings is crucial for unveiling the evolutionary laws of the early universe and validating non-standard cosmological models. This study presents the first systematic evaluation of the detection capabilities of next-generation ground-based gravitational wave detector networks for cosmic strings. By constructing a hybrid signal model incorporating multi-source astrophysical foreground noise, including compact binary coalescences (CBCs) and compact binary hyperbolic encounters (CBHEs), we propose an innovative parameter estimation methodology based on multi-component signal separation. Numerical simulations using one-year observational data reveal three key findings: (1) The CE4020ET network, comprising the Einstein Telescope (ET-10 km) and the Cosmic Explorer (CE-40 km and CE-20 km), achieves nearly one order of magnitude improvement in constraining the cosmic string tension Gµ compared to individual detectors, reaching a relative uncertainty ∆Gµ/Gµ 3.5×10−15 under standard cosmological framework;(2) The network demonstrates enhanced parameter resolution in non-standard cosmological scenarios, providing a novel approach to probe pre-Big Bang Nucleosynthesis cosmic evolution;(3) Enhanced detector sensitivity amplifies CBHE foreground interference in parameter estimation, while precise modeling of such signals could further refine Gµ constraints by 1 − 2 orders of magnitude. This research not only quantifies the detection potential of third-generation detector networks for cosmic string models but also elucidates the intrinsic connection between foreground modeling precision and cosmological parameter estimation accuracy, offering theoretical foundations for optimizing scientific objectives of next-generation gravitational wave observatories. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cosmology

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Effusol ameliorates ischemic stroke by targeting NLRP3 protein to regulate NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis

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Phytomedicine 2025年 136卷 156253页

作者： Xu, Libin Li, Siyu Qi, Jiaxin Mi, Yan Zhang, Ying Yang, Yuxin Wang, Yingjie Zhou, Di Li, Ning Hou, Yue Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province College of Life and Health Sciences National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry Ministry of Education Northeastern University Shenyang China School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning province Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China

Background: The significance of pyroptosis as an inflammatory mode of death in ischemic stroke (IS) has attracted much attention in recent years. Effusol is a dihydrophenanthrene component extracted from Juncus effusus L. Previous studies have found that Juncus effusus L. has a good inhibitory effect against microglia activation. However, it is not clear whether effusol inhibits microglia over-activation and attenuates its mediated microglia pyroptosis in the treatment of IS. Purpose: The aim is to examine how effusol influences the initiation and activation stages of pyroptosis, as well as the NLRP3 inflammasome, resulting from microglial over-activation triggered post-IS. Methods: This study investigated the impact of effusol on neurological severity and edema to assess its neuroprotective effects in IS. Mechanistically, immunofluorescence and western blotting were applied to explore the initiation and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Finally, we employed the NLRP3 specific inhibitor, molecular docking, drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS), and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) to further explore the underlying targets of effusol. Results: Effusol mitigated IS-induced damage and downregulated the expression of inflammatory factors at the mRNA level, the protein levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear transcription factor NF-κB p65, and key components of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Effusol also mitigated mitochondrial damage by increasing ATP levels and decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential. Importantly, effusol targets NLRP3 protein to inhibit pyroptosis, thereby suppressing the hyperactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Conclusions: Effusol may be protective against IS by targeting NLRP3 proteins to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation-mediated pyroptosis. This finding provides a theoretical basis and a prospective drug candidate for the treatment of effusol in IS. © 2024 Elsevier GmbH

关键词： Effusol Ischemic stroke Microglia NLRP3 inflammasome Pyroptosis

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