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Seeking knowledge in a social world: Epistemological pathways

Proceedings of the Association for information Science and technology 2008年第1期44卷 1-7页

作者： Eric M. Meyers Theresa Dirndorfer Anderson Olof Sundin Kris Unsworth Moderator The Information School University of Washington Mary Gates Hall Suite 370 Box 352840 Seattle WA 98195-2840 Information and Knowledge Management Program Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences University of Technology Sydney (UTS) Australia The Swedish School of Library and Information Science University College of Borås Sweden The Information School University of Washington

Epistemology – the study of knowledge and knowing – is of central concern to information science (Budd, 2001 ; Dick, 2002 ; Hjørland, 2002 ). Jesse Shera, who coined the term social epistemology with Margaret Egan, suggested that information science is intimately connected to the “production, flow, integration and consumption of all forms of communicated thought throughout the entire social fabric” (1970: 86). Aiding people in the acquisition of knowledge thus becomes the sine qua non of information services and technologies (Fallis, 2006 ). As social computing and advances in information and communications technologies (ICTs) change the way we seek and use information personally and professionally, it becomes critical that information scientists understand how social processes influence knowledge acquisition. This panel explores empirically and theoretically how people seek and construct knowledge in a social world.

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Hybrid neural systems for large scale credit risk assessment applications

Hybrid neural systems for large scale credit risk assessment...

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作者： De Amorim, B.P. Vasconcelos, G.C. Brasil, L.M. Center for Informatics - CIn Federal University of Pernambuco UFPE Recife PE Brazil Post-Graduation Program in Knowledge Management and Information Technology Catholic University of Brasilia UCB Brasília DF Brazil

Hybrid Neural Systems that integrate symbolic algorithms or fuzzysystems to Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are a potential alternativeto the more traditional ANN models. However, in contrast with the ANNmodels, these systems have not been yet fully explored from a practicalviewpoint to show their effectiveness in large scale applications. Thispaper presents an extensive comparative analysis of the neuro-fuzzymodels FWD (Feature-Weighted Detector) and FuNN (Fuzzy Neural Network),together with their rule extraction techniques in a large-scale *** aspects are considered: generalization performance of the models,and the interpretation and explanation qualities of the extractedknowledge. The experiments are conducted in the context of a large scalecredit risk assessment application in a real-world operation of aBrazilian financial institution. The results attained are compared tothose observed with multi-layer perceptron networks. © 2007 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Neural networks

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Analyzing uncertainty tolerance in information discovery and use

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Proceedings of the Association for information Science and technology 2007年第1期43卷 1-7页

作者： Theresa Dirndorfer Anderson Information and Knowledge Management Program Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences University of Technology Sydney (UTS) P.O. Box 123 Broadway NSW 2007 Australia.

This short paper/poster discusses the role uncertainty plays in judgments of the meaning and significance of ideas and texts encountered by scholars working with networked information systems. Uncertainty is often associated with risk, fear and danger. However, the perception and strategic use of uncertainty can be both a positive and negative influence on behavior. This poster discusses an investigation of the nature of uncertainty in the context of scholarly research and the use of networked information systems in the ongoing research activities of two informants. What forms do positive and negative perceptions of uncertainty take in this context? How much uncertainty are people in such a context prepared to tolerate? The themes presented here are based on a process-oriented, longitudinal study of these judgments. This poster invites discussion about the complexity surrounding searcher experiences of uncertainty by demonstrating how working through uncertainty becomes a mediating strategy for knowledge generation.

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Designing for uncertainty

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Proceedings of the Association for information Science and technology 2007年第1期43卷 1-9页

作者： Theresa Dirndorfer Anderson Marcia J. Bates Jennifer Berryman Sanda Erdelez Jannica Heinstrom (Moderator) Information and Knowledge Management Program Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences University of Technology Sydney (UTS) P.O. Box 123 Broadway NSW 2007 Australia Department of Information Studies Graduate School of Education and Information Studies University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Los Angeles CA Information and Knowledge Management Program Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences University of Technology Sydney (UTS) Australia School of Information Science and Learning Technologies University of Missouri - Columbia Columbia MO The Center for International Scholarship in School Libraries (CISSL) Rutgers The State University New Brunswick NJ

Our highly digitized world brings us into contact with networked information systems with the potential to help us locate information quickly and easily at the touch of a button. But it is far from easy to quickly find the exact information we need. Every new resource added increases the time needed to locate the right information. The increasing scale of resource collections continues to drive the need for innovative methods of organizing and providing access to the information within these collections (Bates, 1999 ). This panel will discuss the prospect of designing for uncertainty - that is creating information systems based on the premise that (in certain situations) uncertainty can be a powerful mediating strategy for people.

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Relevance assessment as an everyday experience

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Proceedings of the Association for information Science and technology 2006年第1期42卷

作者： Theresa Dirndorfer Anderson Information & Knowledge Management Program Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences University of Technology Sydney P.O. Box 123 Broadway NSW 2007 Australia

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The Social Affordances of the Internet for Networked Individualism

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Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 2006年第3期8卷

作者： Barry Wellman Anabel Quan-Haase Jeffrey Boase Wenhong Chen Keith Hampton Isabel Díaz Kakuko Miyata In 1965 moved from his Bronx High School of Science slide rule to IBM cards and an 029 keypunch in the bowels of Harvard University. Since then he's been primarily interested in the interplay between large-scale social processes and how people use technology to be connected at work and in the community. His NetLab research network is trying to get a handle on how the Internet fits into everyday life. Wellman founded the International Network for Social Network Analysis in 1976. He is a recent Chair of the Community section of the American Sociological Association has been nominated for the Chair of the Communication and Information Technology section of the ASA the Virtual Community focus area leader for SIGGROUP/ACM and a Executive Cmmittee member of the Association for Internet Researchers. Wellman's (co)edited books are: Social Structures: A Network Approach (2d ed CSPI 2003) Networks in the Global Village (Westview Press 1999) and The Internet in Everyday Life (Blackwell Publishers 2002). Address:Centre for Urban & Community Studies University of Toronto 455 Spadina Avenue Toronto Canada M5S 2G8. Fax: +1-416-978-7162 Address:Centre for Urban & Community Studies University of Toronto 455 Spadina Avenue Toronto M5S 2G8 Canada. Address:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass. Ave. Room 9-522 Cambridge MA 02139. Address:IN3 Av. Tibidabo 47 08035 Barcelona Spain. Phone: +*** Fax: +***. Address:Department of Sociology Meiji Gakuin University 1-2-37 Shirokanedai Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8636 JAPAN. Phone: +81-3-5421-5565 Fax: +81-3-5421-5697. Doctoral student at the Faculty of Information Studies University of Toronto. She has been a Fellow of the Knowledge Media Design Institute and the McLuhan Program in Culture and Technology. Her articles address the nature of Internet-related social change for social integration and information flow. Her articles have examined the implications of these changes for communities and her thesis focuses on organizations. University of Toronto doctoral

We review the evidence from a number of surveys in which our NetLab has been involved about the extent to which the Internet is transforming or enhancing community. The studies show that the Internet is used for connectivity locally as well as globally, although the nature of its use varies in different countries. Internet use is adding on to other forms of communication, rather than replacing them. Internet use is reinforcing the pre-existing turn to societies in the developed world that are organized around networked individualism rather than group or local solidarities. The result has important implications for civic involvement.

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AN ARCHITECTURE DESIGN APPROACH FOR LARGE SATELLITE NETWORKS

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 1994年第3期12卷 197-210页

作者： COTNER, C INUKAI, T COMSAT World Systems 6560 Rock Spring Drive Bethesda MD 20817 USA. Director Customer Technical Support for COMSAT World Systems. He directs support to U.S. users of the INTELSAT satellite network particularly in the areas of certifying that performance of earth-stations is in accordance with system requirements and in supporting the unique needs of television customers. Mr. Cotner's primary technical interests are earth-station design transmission analysis and high power amplifiers. Mr. Cotner has been with COMSAT for over 25 years. Most recently he served as Director of Technical Liaison and Analysis responsible for much of COMSAT World Systems research and development programme for high-level technical interaction with customers such as AT&T and MCI and for initiatives to improve the quality of international satellite transmission. He has also held technical management positions in COMSAT Laboratories COMSAT General where he was a Division Director Earth Segment Engineering and COMSAT World Systems where he represented the U.S. Signatory on the INTELSAT Board of Governors Technical Advisory Committee for five years. Mr. Cotner is a colonel (retired) in the Signal Corps U.S. Army Reserve where he was assigned to several mobilization positions related to satellite communications including a tour of duty on the Joint Staff. Awarded the degree of B.S.E. (cum-laude) in Electrical Engineering by Princeton University. Mr. Cotner also holds an M.S.E. from Cornell University and is a Commandants List graduate of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. He and his wife Sharon live in Silver Spring Maryland. COMSAT Laboratories 22300 COMSAT Drive Clarksburg MD 20871 USA. Received the BS and MS degrees in Communications Engineering from the Tokyo Electrical Engineering College Tokyo Japan and the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from the City University of New York New York. Dr. Inukai is a Principal Scientist in the Network Technology Division of COMSAT Laboratories. He directs res

Designing a world-wide satellite network that consists of hundreds of user sites and thousands of circuit connections is a complex problem, which involves selecting a set of candidate satellites and satellite beams/frequency bands from among numerous existing and planned satellites, evaluation of circuit connectivity, earth-station compatibility and sizing, and estimating transponder loading. The design process may also require assessment of the impact of a different set of satellites and modified user traffic requirements on the space segment, the earth-station types and quantity, and the total system cost. Although a conventional design approach based on link-by-link and site-by-site analysis provides accurate results, it is time-consuming and impractical for developing high-level network architectures in a time-constrained environment. A design technique is proposed which employs a set of rules for satellite network design, in combination with extensive databases of satellite parameters, earth-station parameters and user traffic requirements, to synthesize a network architecture. The technique is particularly useful for performing high-level trade-offs among alternative architectures in terms of space segment requirements, the number and type of earth-stations and overall system cost. Once the desired architecture has been selected, a detailed design may be developed using conventional methods.

关键词： SATELLITE NETWORK DESIGN RULE-BASED DESIGN FIXED SATELLITE SERVICES FDMA INTELSAT BANDWIDTH REQUIREMENTS TRANSPONDER CAPACITY

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ROLE OF SIMULATION IN RAPID PROTOTYPING FOR CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第3期103卷 204-211页

作者： KING, JF BARTON, DE J. Fred King:is the manager of the Advanced Technology Department for Unisys in Reston Virginia. He earned his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Houston in 1977. He has been principal investigator of research projects in knowledge engineering pattern recognition and heuristic problem-solving. Efforts include the development of a multi-temporal multispectral classifier for identifying graincrops using LANDSAT satellite imagery data for NASA. Also as a member of the research team for a NCI study with Baylor College of Medicine and NASA he helped develop techniques for detection of carcinoma using multispectral microphotometer scans of lung tissue. He established and became technical director of the AI Laboratory for Ford Aerospace where he developed expert scheduling modeling and knowledge acquisition systems for NASA. Since joining Unisys in 1985 he has led the development of object-oriented programming environments blackboard architectures data fusion techniques using neural networks and intelligent data base systems. Douglas E. Barton:is manager of Logistics Information Systems for Unisys in Reston Virginia. He earned his B.A. degree in computer science from the College of William and Mary in 1978 and did postgraduate work in London as a Drapers Company scholar. Since joining Unisys in 1981 his work has concentrated on program management and software engineering of large scale data base management systems and design and implementation of knowledge-based systems in planning and logistics. As chairman of the Logistics Data Subcommittee of the National Security Industrial Association (NSIA) he led an industry initiative which examined concepts in knowledge-based systems in military logistics. His responsibilities also include evaluation development and tailoring of software engineering standards and procedures for data base and knowledge-based systems. He is currently program manager of the Navigation Information Management System which provides support to the Fleet Ballistic Missile Progr

A valuable technique during concept development is rapid prototyping of software for key design components. This approach is particularly useful when the optimum design approach is not readily apparent or several known alternatives need to be rapidly evaluated. A problem inherent in rapid prototyping is the lack of a "target system" with which to interface. Some alternatives are to develop test driver libraries, integrate the prototype with an existing working simulator, or build one for the specific problem. This paper presents a unique approach to concept development using rapid prototyping for concept development and scenario-based simulation for concept verification. The rapid prototyping environment, derived from artificial intelligence technology, is based on a blackboard architecture. The rapid prototype simulation capability is provided through an object-oriented modeling environment. It is shown how both simulation and blackboard technologies are used collectively to rapidly gain insight into a tenacious problem. A specific example will be discussed where this approach was used to evolve the logic of a mission controller for an autonomous underwater vehicle.

关键词： Military Engineering

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