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Interfacial reactions in the Sn-9.0 wt.% Zn/Cu-Ti alloy (C1990 HP) couple

Soldering and Surface Mount Technology 2024年第1期36卷 30-38页

作者： Laksono, Andromeda Dwi Chen, Chih-Ming Yen, Yee-Wen Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Study Program of Material and Metallurgical Engineering Institut Teknologi Kalimantan Balikpapan Indonesia

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of adding a small amount of Ti to a Cu-based alloy, specifically the commercial Hyper Titanium Copper alloy (C1990 HP), which contains Cu-3.28 wt.% Ti, on its interfacial reaction with Sn-9.0 wt.% Zn (SnZn) solder, using the liquid/solid reaction couple technique. Design/methodology/approach: The SnZn/C1990 HP couples were subjected to a reaction temperature of 240–270°C for a duration of 0.5–5 h. The resulting reaction couple was characterized using a scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, electron probe microanalyzer and X-ray diffractometer. Findings: It was observed that the scallop-shaped CuZn5 and planar Cu5Zn8 phases were formed in almost all SnZn/C1990 HP couples. With increased reaction duration and temperature, the Cu-rich intermetallic compound (IMC)-Cu5Zn8 phase became a dominant IMC formed at the interface. The total thickness of the IMCs was increased with the increase in the reaction duration and temperature. The IMC growth obeyed the parabolic law, and the IMC growth mechanism was diffusion controlled. The activation energy of the SnZn/C1990 HP couple was 64.71 kJ/mol. Originality/value: This article presents an analysis of the IMC thickness in each sample using ImageJ software, followed by kinetic analysis using Origin software at various reaction temperatures of SnZn/C1990 HP in liquid/solid couples. The study also includes detailed reports on the morphology, interface composition and X-ray diffraction analysis, as well as the activation energy. The findings can serve as a valuable reference for electronic packaging companies that utilize C1990 HP substrates. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.

关键词： Binary alloys

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The use of Carica papaya seeds as bio coagulant for laundry wastewater treatment

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Journal of engineering and Applied Science 2024年第1期71卷 99页

作者： Vezar, Siti Alfinna Naulita Belinda, Zeriyatina Tri Rendana, Muhammad Agustina, Tuty Emilia Nasir, Subriyer Hanum, Laila Andarini, Desheila Undergraduate Student of Chemical Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering Universitas Sriwijaya Sumatra Selatan Indralaya30662 Indonesia Chemical Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering Universitas Sriwijaya Sumatra Selatan Indralaya30662 Indonesia Biology Department Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Sriwijaya Sumatra Selatan Indralaya30662 Indonesia Public Health Program Study Faculty of Public Health Universitas Sriwijaya Sumatra Selatan Indralaya30662 Indonesia

The study aims to analyze the effectiveness of wastewater treatment by using Carica papaya seeds as bio coagulants to diminish total suspended solids (TSS) and excess phosphate. This method has some advantages because it does not use chemical materials, is simple to apply, and is safe for the environment and human health. The wastewater samples were taken from an active laundry site in Palembang City, South Sumatra Province of Indonesia. The study found that the best dosage of coagulant was 3 g for the wastewater samples. The pH and BOD parameters showed slight changes after treatment, with pH 7.63–7.19 and 33–27 mg/L values, respectively. The TSS removal efficiency ranged from 9.3 to 15.6%, while the COD and phosphate removals were obtained from 11.7 to 39.3% and 56.3 to 68.4%, respectively. The treated TSS, COD, and phosphate concentrations have met the Indonesian domestic wastewater quality standard and environmental protection organization (EPO) guidelines. In addition, the statistical analysis and t-test showed significant differences (p © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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The Influence of Silicon Dioxide as a Fuel Additive in a Diesel Engine Fuelled by Pure Palm Oil 4

The Influence of Silicon Dioxide as a Fuel Additive in a Die...

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4th International Symposium on Advances and Innovation in Mechanical engineering, ISAIME 2023

作者： Prahmana, Rico Aditia Darmanto, Prihadi Setyo Reksowardojo, Iman Kartolaksono Prakoso, Tirto Juangsa, Firman Bagja Doctoral Program of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung40132 Indonesia Program Study of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technology Institut Teknologi Sumatera South Lampung35365 Indonesia Thermal Science and Engineering Research Group Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung40132 Indonesia Program Study of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technology Universitas Pertamina Jakarta12220 Indonesia

In the last decade, the Indonesian government has implemented a program to use biodiesel as a substitute for fossil diesel to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. On the other hand, the development of biodiesel as an alternative fuel to replace fossil diesel has several challenges, one of which is the production of biodiesel, which is more complicated and requires a long process. However, the direct use of crude palm oil (CPO) in diesel engines is not recommended because it has many drawbacks. Research recently shows that fuel additives in diesel engines have promising prospects. Therefore, to solve the problem, this study used pure palm oil (PPaO) as the primary fuel, with the addition of silicon oxide (SiO2) as a fuel additive in diesel engines. The results showed that using SiO2 additive in PPaO can increase thermal efficiency by 18.8% at 60% load compared to diesel fuel (DF). Nevertheless, using this fuel increased specific fuel consumption (SFC) by 3.9% on average and increased the opacity by 153% compared to diesel fuel. These results indicate that SiO2 has the potential to be developed as an effective additive to PPaO fuel that can improve the efficiency and performance of diesel engines. © 2025 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biodiesel

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Advancements in Geopolymer Concrete for Marine Infrastructure: An Optimization of Performance Considering Workability, Compressive Strength, Capillary Water Absorption, Porosity, and Chloride Migration

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Iranian Journal of Science and Technology - Transactions of Civil engineering 2024年 1-14页

作者： Shahedan, Noor Fifinatasha Hadibarata, Tony Jusoh, Muhammad Noor Hazwan Isia, Ismallianto Bouaissi, Aissa Juwono, Filbert Hilman Nawawi, Natasha Ahmad Kusumaningrum, Hermin Pancasakti Muslim, Abrar Hidayat, Topik Environment Engineering Program Curtin University Malaysia Miri CDT 250 Malaysia School of Engineering University of Plymouth Plymouth PL4 8AA United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong – Liverpool University Suzhou China School of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering Universiti Teknologi MARA Shah Alam 40450 Malaysia Biotechnology Study Program Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Mathematics Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh Indonesia Biology Study Program Faculty of Mathematics and Science Education Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Bandung Indonesia

This research investigates the effectiveness of geopolymer concrete incorporating fly ash in environments rich in chlorides;in contrast to conventional Portland cement concrete (OPC). The study emphasizes essential characteristics such as workability, mechanical strength, capillary water absorption, open porosity, and chloride migration. The experiments demonstrated that geopolymer concrete exhibits a 30% enhancement in slump values, reflecting improved workability, and its compressive strength rose by 14.90–23.94% when compared with OPC. A significant reduction in binder content led to a notable decrease in capillary water absorption, highlighting a positive impact on long-term durability. With time, geopolymer concrete showed a reduction in open porosity and chloride migration coefficient, indicating better resistance to chloride penetration in marine settings. Although these outcomes underscore the potential of geopolymer concrete to improve structural durability, especially in marine infrastructure, additional optimization is required to tackle its relatively higher capillary water absorption and chloride migration during the initial stages. These results contribute to the ongoing investigation of sustainable building materials, offering valuable insights into geopolymer concrete’s ability to endure severe chloride exposure and serve as a durable solution for corrosion management in marine infrastructure. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Shiraz University 2024.

关键词： Durability Geopolymer concrete Marine environments Mix design Sustainable construction

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PROTON CONDUCTION STUDIES ON ZIRCONIUM BASED COMPOSITE MEMBRANES FOR PEM FUEL CELL APPLICATIONS 50

PROTON CONDUCTION STUDIES ON ZIRCONIUM BASED COMPOSITE MEMBR...

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50th International Conference on Computers and Industrial engineering: Sustainable Digital Transformation, CIE 2023

作者： Magdi, Tallah Al-Othman, Amani Shamayleh, Abdulrahim Engineering Systems Management MSc Program American University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Industrial Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9781713886952

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells have attracted significant attention due to their low operating temperature, high efficiency, and minimal emissions. Especially when hydrogen is used as fuel, water is the only product. Among the various components of PEM fuel cells, the membrane is crucial one because it enables the transfer of protons from the anode to the cathode, while ensuring that the fuel and oxidant remain separate and do not mix. Hightemperature operation (above the boiling point of water) is desired in PEM fuel cells as it enhances the kinetics and improves water management. However, the current most widely used membrane, Nafion, cannot operate at high temperatures above 90°C due to the membrane's dehydration, resulting in decreased proton conductivity and eventually, fuel cell efficiency. To overcome this issue, this study focuses on the development of new and potentially high-temperature composite membranes. Zirconium silicate, (ZrSiO4)/Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite membranes were synthesized in this work with the following ratios: 0 wt.%, 1.5 wt.%, 3 wt.%, and 8 wt.% per mass of membrane solution via a solution casting method. Their proton conductivity was evaluated. The results showed that the addition of ZrSiO4 nanoparticles to the PVDF matrix significantly enhances the proton conductivity of the composite membranes. The highest conductivity value obtained was 2.15 x10-3 Scm-1 with a concentration of 8 wt.% ZrSiO4. The promising proton conductivity reported in this work would be an indication of these membranes' potential in PEM fuel cell applications. © 2023 Computers and Industrial engineering. All rights reserved.

关键词： Proton conductivity

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Relationship between drought and soil erosion based on the normalized differential water index(NDWI)and revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE)model

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Regional Sustainability 2024年第4期5卷 133-144页

作者： Muhammad RENDANA Wan Mohd Razi IDRIS Febrinasti ALIA Supli Effendi RAHIM Muhammad YAMIN Muhammad IZZUDIN Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversitas SriwijayaIndralaya30662Indonesia Master Program of Environmental Management Graduate SchoolUniversitas SriwijayaPalembang30139Indonesia Department of Earth Sciences and Environment Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangi43600Malaysia Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversitas SriwijayaIndralaya30662Indonesia Master Program of Agricultural Sciences Graduate Study ProgramUniversitas Muhammadiyah PalembangPalembang30263Indonesia Department of Agribusiness Faculty of AgricultureUniversitas SriwijayaIndralaya30662Indonesia Department of Sociology Faculty of Social and Political SciencesUniversitas SriwijayaIndralaya30662Indonesia

The Langat River Basin in Malaysia is vulnerable to soil erosion risks because of its exposure to intensive land use activities and its topography,which primarily consists of steep slopes and mountainous ***,climate change frequently exposes this basin to drought,which negatively affects soil and water ***,recent studies have rarely shown how soil reacts to drought,such as soil ***,the purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between drought and soil erosion in the Langat River *** analyzed drought indices using Landsat 8 satellite images in November 2021,and created the normalized differential water index(NDWI)via Landsat 8 data to produce a drought *** used the revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE)model to predict soil *** verified an association between the NDWI and soil erosion data using a correlation *** results revealed that the southern and northern regions of the study area experienced drought *** predicted an average annual soil erosion of approximately 58.11 t/(hm^(2)·a).Analysis of the association between the NDWI and soil erosion revealed a strong positive correlation,with a Pearson correlation coefficient of *** assumed that the slope length and steepness factor was the primary contributor to soil erosion in the study *** a result,these findings can help authorities plan effective measures to reduce the impacts of drought and soil erosion in the future.

关键词： Drought Soil erosion Normalized differential water index(NDWI) Revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE) Langat River Basin

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Effect of physical and biological pretreatment on sugarcane bagasse waste-based biogas production

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2023年 87卷 41-44页

作者： Sumardiono S. Matin H.H.A. Sulistianingtias I. Nugroho T.Y. Budiyono B. Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Semarang 50239 Indonesia Study Program of Environmental Science Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta 57126 Indonesia Vocational School Universitas Diponegoro Semarang 50239 Indonesia

Sugarcane bagasse is a biomass with very potential, especially in agricultural countries. In this research, a study related to pretreatment and the ratio of C/N to biogas production from sugarcane bagasse was conducted. The study was carried out on a laboratory scale with physical pretreatment by grinding with a size of 6 mesh, then biological pretreatment with the microbial consortium 5 % g/V, and variations in the C/N ratio at 25 and 30. Cow rumen fluid was used in this study as a source of anaerobic bacteria and technical urea is used to adjust the C/N ratio. The solid total is set at 7 %. Based on research that has been carried out for 60 days, it was found that physical pretreatment by grinding with a size of 6 mesh can increase biogas production. Biogas production increased both at C/N ratio conditions of 25 and 30. Furthermore, biological pretreatment with the microbial consortium 5 % g/V was proven to increase biogas production at both C/N ratios of 25 and 30. Further studies on the C/N ratio, it was found that the C/N ratio of 25 was better than the C/N ratio of 30. This is evident in several variables, including raw and fine substrate conditions, as well as on variables with or without a microbial consortium, with the amount of biogas productivity at a C/N 25 ratio of 53-90.5 % higher than the C/N 30 ratio. © 2023 The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biogas Biological pretreatment Physical pretreatment Sugarcane bagasse

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Combustion Profile of Bio-pellet Produced from Sawdust Using Wet Torrefaction Method with Various Concentrations of Acetic Acid 4

Combustion Profile of Bio-pellet Produced from Sawdust Using...

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4th International Symposium on Advances and Innovation in Mechanical engineering, ISAIME 2023

作者： Pertiwi, Indah Ayu Muhammad Abubakar Setiawan, Adi Iskandar, Rizky Magister Program in Renewable Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Malikusssaleh Jalan Batam Bukit Indah Lhokseumawe24352 Indonesia Chemical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Malikussaleh Kampus Bukit Indah Muara Satu Lhokseumawe24352 Indonesia Mechanical Engineering Vocational Education Study Program Faculty of Teaching and Educational Science Universitas Malikussaleh Cot Teungku Nie Reuleut Muara Batu Aceh Utara24355 Indonesia Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Malikusssaleh Jalan Batam Bukit Indah Lhokseumawe24352 Indonesia

Sawdust is one of the industrial wastes which naturally contains low energy density. An effective method is needed to utilize this biomass as a solid fuel product. This work aimed to investigate the physical and combustion properties of bio-pellets produced from sawdust under the wet torrefaction method. To prepare sawdust bio-pellet a number of steps were carried out including the wet torrefaction process, dough preparation, pelletizing, and drying. Wet torrefaction was performed by hydrothermally treating the sample in an autoclave at a temperature of 130°C and pressure of 2 atm (g) for 80 minutes. For the hydrothermal process, the used acetic acid solution was varied with variations of 1.3 M, 1.8 M, and 2.3 M. Properties of the product were analyzed under proximate and bomb calorimetry analyses. To evaluate the combustion properties a purposely built test apparatus was developed equipped with a data logger system. Based on the results it can be observed that increases in torrefaction temperature and acetic acid concentration resulted in an increase in the calorific value as well as decreases in the ash content. The highest calorific value was 4745 kcal/kg obtained from sawdust torrefied in acetic acid with a concentration of 2.3 M at a temperature of 130?. This sample also exhibits the lowest ash content which is only 1.97%. The combustion test disclosed a maximum combustion temperature of 589? with a burning rate of 0.711 g/min. Overall, the wet torrefaction applied in this investigation was beneficially enhanced the properties of bio-pellet products. © 2025 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sawdust

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Removal of total dissolved solids from oil-field-produced water using ceramic adsorbents integrated with reverse osmosis

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2023年 87卷 360-365页

作者： Herawati N. Dahlan M.H. Yusuf M. Iqbal M.M. Roni K.A. Nasir S. Doctoral Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering Universitas Sriwijaya Jl. Srijaya Negara Palembang 30139 Indonesia Chemical Engineering Study Program Faculty of Engineering Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang Jl. Jend. A. Yani 13 Ulu Plaju Palembang 30137 Indonesia Chemical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Sriwijaya Jl. Raya-Palembang Prabumulih Ogan Ilir 30662 Indonesia Mining Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Sriwijaya Jl. Raya-Palembang Prabumulih Ogan Ilir 30662 Indonesia Civil Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Sriwijaya Jl. Raya-Palembang Prabumulih Ogan Ilir 30662 Indonesia

Total dissolved solids (TDS) consisting of inorganic salts and organic matter are pollutants to the aquatic and water systems for human use. This paper studied the effect of ceramic adsorbent composition on improving the quality of the produced water (PW) by decreasing TDS before entering reverse osmosis (RO). Manufacturing ceramic adsorbents use a mixture of spent catalysts of residues catalytic cracking (RCC) and natural clay in various compositions. Experiments were performed using the PW from one oil and gas company in South Sumatra, Indonesia. The initial characterization of produced water contains total dissolved solids of 14,556 mg/L. The flow rate of PW into the ceramic adsorbent column were varied from 6 to 8 L/min at a contact time of 15 to 120 min. The results showed that ceramic adsorbent A (diameter 10 mm and thickness 10 mm, 70% clay, and 30% RCC) reduced TDS by 74.58%. Adsorbent B (diameter of 20 mm and thickness of 10 mm, 70% RCC and 30% clay) lowers TDS by 56.68% at a flow rate of 6 L/min and a contact time of 60 min. Adsorbent C (diameter of 10 mm and thickness of 10 mm, 30% clay, and 70% RCC) reduced TDS by 59.40% at a flow rate of 6 L/min and a flow time of 60 min. Adsorbent D (diameter of 20 mm, thickness of 10 mm, 30% clay, and 70% RCC) lowers TDS by 54.38% at a flow rate of 6 L/ min and a contact time of 60 min. After being transferred into the adsorption column, their filtrates were sent into the Reverse Osmosis (RO) membrane. The final permeates of RO have TDS values between 1,720 mg/L to 3,930 mg/L that met water standards for oil and gas exploration wastewater in Indonesia. © 2023 The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adsorbent Adsorption Catalytic cracking Residues from oil exploration Total dissolved solids

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Effect of physical and biological pretreatment on sugarcane bagasse waste-based biogas production

Effect of physical and biological pretreatment on sugarcane ...

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3rd International Conference on chemical engineering and Applied Sciences, ICChEAS 2022

作者： Sumardiono, Siswo Matin, Hashfi Hawali Abdul Sulistianingtias, Ihdina Nugroho, Tri Yulianto Budiyono, Budiyono Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Semarang50239 Indonesia Study Program of Environmental Science Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta57126 Indonesia Vocational School Universitas Diponegoro Semarang50239 Indonesia

关键词： Grinding (machining)

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