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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Michael Nissen Madeleine Flaucher Katharina M. Jaeger Hanna Huebner Nina Danzberger Adriana Titzmann Constanza A. Pontones Peter A. Fasching Bjoern M. Eskofier Heike Leutheuser Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering (AIBE) Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab (MaD Lab) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Erlangen University Hospital Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany

Smartphones enable and facilitate biomedical studies as they allow the recording of various biomedical signals, including photoplethysmograms (PPG). However, user engagement rates in mobile health studies are reduced when an application (app) needs to be installed. This could be alleviated by using installation-free web apps. We evaluate the feasibility of browser-based PPG recording, conducting the first usability study on smartphone-based PPG. We present an at-home study using a web app and library for PPG recording using the rear camera and flash. The underlying library is freely made available to researchers. 25 Android users participated, using their own smartphones. The study consisted of a demographic and anamnestic questionnaire, the signal recording itself (60 s), and a consecutive usability questionnaire. After filtering, heart rate was extracted (14/17 successful), signal-to-noise ratios assessed (0.64 ± 0.50 dB, mean ± standard deviation), and quality was visually inspected (12/17 usable for diagnosis). Recording was not supported in 9 cases. This was due to the browser’s insufficient support for the flash light API. The app received a System Usability Scale score of 82 ± 9, which is above the 90th percentile. Overall, browser flash light support is the main limiting factor for broad device support. Thus, browser-based PPG is not yet widely applicable, although most participants feel comfortable with the recording itself. The utilization of the user-facing camera might represent a more promising approach. This study contributes to the development of low-barrier, user-friendly, installation-free smartphone signal acquisition. This enables profound, comprehensive data collection for research and clinical *** relevance— WebPPG offers low-barrier remote diagnostic capabilities without the need for app installation

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Advancing Alzheimer's Nodule Detection Through a Comprehensive Multi-Scene Deep learning Framework

Advancing Alzheimer's Nodule Detection Through a Comprehensi...

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International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS)

作者： C. Premkumar R. Rajeshwari R. Remya M. S. Cholaathiraj A. Reethika S. Bharathidasan Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Bannari Amman Institute of Technology Sathyamangalam India Department of Computer Science and Engineering CMR Institute of Technology Bengaluru India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr Sagunthala R&D institute of science and Technology Chennai India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Bannari Amman Institute of Technology Sathyamangalam India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College Coimbatore India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Erode Sengunthar Engineering College Erode India

ISBN: (数字)9798350384369

ISBN: (纸本)9798350384376

Determining the precise location of Alzheimer's nodules is essential for estimating the risk of brain cancer. Conventional CAD modules, including MRI, PET, and CT, struggle with feature extraction and segmentation due to time limits and complexity. This study proposes an efficient brain nodule detection technique based on the Multi-Scene Deep learning Framework (MSDLF) that makes use of the vesselness filter. A four-channel CNN model is developed using information from two image sequences to enhance radiologists' ability to recognise four-stage nodules. This adaptable model may be used in two different classes. The outcomes demonstrate how well the MSDLF performs while processing substantial volumes of image data for brain nodule recognition, improving with accuracy 98.86% and 98.45% of sensitivity by using decreasing false positives.

关键词： Deep learning Training Solid modeling Accuracy Sensitivity Image recognition Magnetic resonance imaging Brain modeling Classification algorithms Alzheimer's disease

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machine learning With data Assimilation and Uncertainty Quantification for Dynamical Systems:A Review

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2023年第6期10卷 1361-1387页

作者： Sibo Cheng César Quilodrán-Casas Said Ouala Alban Farchi Che Liu Pierre Tandeo Ronan Fablet Didier Lucor Bertrand Iooss Julien Brajard Dunhui Xiao Tijana Janjic Weiping Ding Yike Guo Alberto Carrassi Marc Bocquet Rossella Arcucci Data Science Institute Department of ComputingImperial College LondonSW72AZ London Department of Earth Science and Engineering Imperial College LondonSW72AZ London Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China the IMT Atlantique Lab-STICCUMR CNRS 6285France and OdysseyInria/IMTFrance.P.Tandeo is also with RIKEN Center for Computational ScienceKobeJapan the CEREA École des Ponts and EDF R&Dîle-de-FranceFrance the Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique CNRSParis-Saclay UniversityF-91403OrsayFrance the Electricitéde France(EDF) 78401 ChatouFranceInstitut de Mathématiques de Toulouse31062 ToulouseFrance and SINCLAIR AI LabSaclayFrance the Sorbonne University ParisFranceand also with Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center(NERSC)BergenNorway the School of Mathematical Sciences Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China the Mathematical Institute for Machine Learning and Data Science KU Eichstaett-IngolstadtBavariaGermany the School of Information Science and Technology Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China the Department of Physics and Astronomy“Augusto Righi” University of Bologna40124 BolognaItaly

data assimilation(DA)and uncertainty quantification(UQ)are extensively used in analysing and reducing error propagation in high-dimensional spatial-temporal *** applications span from computational fluid dynamics(CFD)to geoscience and climate ***,much effort has been given in combining DA,UQ and machine learning(ML)*** research efforts seek to address some critical challenges in high-dimensional dynamical systems,including but not limited to dynamical system identification,reduced order surrogate modelling,error covariance specification and model error correction.A large number of developed techniques and methodologies exhibit a broad applicability across numerous domains,resulting in the necessity for a comprehensive *** paper provides the first overview of state-of-the-art researches in this interdisciplinary field,covering a wide range of *** review is aimed at ML scientists who attempt to apply DA and UQ techniques to improve the accuracy and the interpretability of their models,but also at DA and UQ experts who intend to integrate cutting-edge ML approaches to their ***,this article has a special focus on how ML methods can overcome the existing limits of DA and UQ,and vice *** exciting perspectives of this rapidly developing research field are also *** Terms-data assimilation(DA),deep learning,machine learning(ML),reduced-order-modelling,uncertainty quantification(UQ).

关键词： assimilation overcome apply

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Secure Device on boarding in IoT Networks

Secure Device on boarding in IoT Networks

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International Conference on Science Technology engineering and Management (ICONSTEM)

作者： P. Sathyaraj Shankar Nayak Bhukya S. Rukmani Devi Chetan Umadi A. Ajina Rajendiran M Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering RMK College of Engineering and Technology Puduvoyal Tamil Nadu India Department of Computer Science Engineering (Data Science) CMR Technical Campus Hyderabad Telangana India Department of Computer Science Saveetha College of Liberal Arts and Sciences SIMATS Deemed to be University Chennai Tamil Nadu India Department of Electronics& Telecommunication Engineering Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering Bengaluru Karnataka India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology Bangalore India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Panimalar Engineering College Chennai Tamil Nadu India

ISBN: (数字)9798350365092

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365108

The fast spread of Internet of Things (IoT) gadgets has led to unprecedented number of interconnected systems offering many applications and services. Diverse elements in IoT networks increase security vulnerabilities, especially when adding new devices. IoT device onboarding secures device integration, authentication, and network connection authorization. This research shows the hazards and limitations of secure IoT device connections. Research examines onboarding protocols' merits and downsides. Bootstrapping, mutual authentication, and key establishment protect the IoT device-network connection in the proposed architecture. Overcoming scalability and resource constraints makes onboarding several IoT devices straightforward. We also analyze IoT network security with PKI and certificate-based authentication. Safe communication pathways and ongoing observation and system adjustments to address new security issues are discussed in this essay. Researchers test the technology in IoT environments. The framework handles onboarding in this case. The method safeguards onboarding and IoT ecosystem data, research demonstrate. A detailed device onboarding approach increases IoT security talks. The framework fixes onboarding issues and vulnerabilities for secure IoT networks.

关键词： Protocols Scalability Ecosystems Authentication Interconnected systems Network security Mathematics

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A Fast and Scalable Method for Inferring Phylogenetic Networks from Trees by Aligning Lineage Taxon Strings

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhang, Louxin Abhari, Niloufar Colijn, Caroline Wu, Yufeng Dept. of Mathematics Centre for Data Science Machine Learning National University of Singapore 119076 Singapore Dept. of Mathematics Simon Fraser University BurnabyBCV5A 1S6 Canada Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering University of Connecticut StorrsCT06269 United States

The reconstruction of phylogenetic networks is an important but challenging problem in phylogenetics and genome evolution, as the space of phylogenetic networks is vast and cannot be sampled well. One approach to the problem is to solve the minimum phylogenetic network problem, in which phylogenetic trees are first inferred, then the smallest phylogenetic network that displays all the trees is computed. The approach takes advantage of the fact that the theory of phylogenetic trees is mature and there are excellent tools available for inferring phylogenetic trees from a large number of biomolecular sequences. A tree-child network is a phylogenetic network satisfying the condition that every non-leaf node has at least one child that is of indegree one. Here, we develop a new method that infers the minimum tree-child network by aligning lineage taxon strings in the phylogenetic trees. This algorithmic innovation enables us to get around the limitations of the existing programs for phylogenetic network inference. Our new program, named ALTS, is fast enough to infer a tree-child network with a large number of reticulations for a set of up to 50 phylogenetic trees with 50 taxa that have only trivial common clusters in about a quarter of an hour on *** Codes 05C30 © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Phylogenetic

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Radar-based Recognition of Activities of Daily Living in the Palliative Care Context Using Deep learning

Radar-based Recognition of Activities of Daily Living in the...

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IEEE EMBS International Conference on Information Technology Applications in Biomedicine (ITAB)

作者： Johanna Braeunig Desar Mejdani Daniel Krauss Stefan Griesshammer Robert Richer Christian Schuessler Julia Yip Tobias Steigleder Christoph Ostgathe Bjoern M. Eskofier Martin Vossiek Department Electrical Engineering Institute of Microwaves and Photonics Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering (AIBE) Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab (MaD Lab) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany Department of Palliative Medicine Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Erlangen Germany

The accurate detection and quantification of activities of daily life (ADL) are crucial for assessing the health status of palliative patients to allow an optimized treatment in the last phase of life. Current evaluation methods heavily rely on subjective self-reports or external observations by clinical staff, lacking objectivity. To address this limitation, we propose a radar-based approach for recognizing ADLs in a palliative care context. In our proof of concept study, we recorded five different ADLs relevant to palliative care, all occurring within a hospital bed, from N=14 healthy participants (57% women, aged 28.6 ± 5.3years). All movements were recorded using two frequency-modulated continuous wave radar systems measuring velocity, range, and angle. A convolutional neural network combined with long short-term memory achieved a classification accuracy of 99.8 ± 0.4% across five cross-validation folds. Furthermore, we compare our initial approach, which takes into account all dimensions of the available radar data, to a simplified version, where only velocity information over time is fed into the network. While these results demonstrate the high potential of radar-based sensing to automatically detect and quantify activities in a palliative care context, future work is still necessary to assess the applicability to real-world hospital scenarios.

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Kernel based quantum machine learning at record rate: Many-body distribution functionals as compact representations

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Khan, Danish Heinen, Stefan von Lilienfeld, O. Anatole Department of Chemistry University of Toronto St. George Campus TorontoON Canada Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence TorontoONM5S 1M1 Canada Departments of Chemistry Materials Science and Engineering and Physics University of Toronto St. George Campus TorontoON Canada Machine Learning Group Technische Universität Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data Berlin10587 Germany

The feature vector mapping used to represent chemical systems is a key factor governing the superior data-efficiency of kernel based quantum machine learning (QML) models applicable throughout chemical compound space. Unfortunately, the most accurate representations require a high dimensional feature mapping, thereby imposing a considerable computational burden on model training and use. We introduce compact yet accurate, linear scaling QML representations based on atomic Gaussian many-body distribution functionals (MBDF), and their derivatives. Weighted density functions (DF) of MBDF values are used as global representations which are constant in size, i.e. invariant with respect to the number of atoms. We report predictive performance and training data efficiency that is competitive with state of the art for two diverse datasets of organic molecules, QM9 and QMugs. Generalization capability has been investigated for atomization energies, HOMO-LUMO eigenvalues and gap, internal energies at 0 K, zero point vibrational energies, dipole moment norm, static isotropic polarizability, and heat capacity as encoded in QM9. MBDF based QM9 performance lowers the optimal Pareto front spanned between sampling and training cost to compute node minutes, effectively sampling chemical compound space with chemical accuracy at a sampling rate of ∼ 48 molecules per core second. © 2023, CC0.

关键词： machine learning

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Predicting Response to Patients with Gastric Cancer Via a Dynamic-Aware Model with Longitudinal Liquid Biopsy data

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Chen, Zifan Zhao, Jie Li, Yanyan Li, Yilin Liu, Huimin Feng, Xujiao Nan, Xinyu Dong, Bin Shen, Lin Chen, Yang Zhang, Li Center for Data Science Peking University Beijing China Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research Ministry of Education Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute Beijing China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analysis and Applications Peking University Beijing China Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China Peking University Beijing China Center for Machine Learning Research Peking University Beijing China Peking University Changsha Institute for Computing and Digital Economy Changsha China

Gastric cancer (GC) presents challenges in predicting treatment responses due to its patient-specific heterogeneity. Recently, liquid biopsies have become recognized as a valuable data modality, offering essential cellular and molecular insights and enabling the capture of time-sensitive information. This study aimed to harness artificial intelligence (AI) technology to analyze longitudinal liquid biopsy data. We collected a dataset from longitudinal liquid biopsies of 91 patients at Peking Cancer Hospital, spanning from July 2019 to April 2022, which included 1,895 tumor-related cellular images and 1,698 tumor marker indices. Subsequently, we introduced the Dynamic-Aware Model (DAM) to predict GC treatment responses. DAM incorporates the dynamic data through AI-engineered components, enabling an in-depth longitudinal analysis. Utilizing three-fold cross-validation, DAM exhibited superior performance over traditional cell-counting-based methods, achieving an AUC of 0.807 in predicting GC treatment responses. In the test set, DAM maintained stable efficacy with an AUC of 0.802. Besides, DAM showed the capability to accurately predict treatment responses from early treatment data. Moreover, DAM's visual analysis of attention mechanisms identified six dynamic focus-area-related visual features and their strong association with treatment response. These findings represent a pioneering effort in applying AI technology for interpreting longitudinal liquid biopsy data and employ visual analytics in GC, offering a promising avenue toward precise response prediction and tailored treatment strategies for patients with ***: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81801778 to Li Zhang., 82203881 to Yang Chen, U22A20327 to Lin Shen, 12090022 to Bin Dong), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (7222021 to Yang Chen), Beijing Hospitals Authority Youth Programme (QML20231115 to Yang Chen), Clinical Medicine Plus X-Young Scholars Project of P

关键词： Diseases

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Contrastive Continual learning with Importance Sampling and Prototype-Instance Relation Distillation

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Li, Jiyong Azizov, Dilshod Li, Yang Liang, Shangsong School of Computer Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Processing Guangzhou China Department of Machine Learning Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence United Arab Emirates AI Thrust Information Hub The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Guangzhou China Department of CSE The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology China

Recently, because of the high-quality representations of contrastive learning methods, rehearsal-based contrastive continual learning has been proposed to explore how to continually learn transferable representation embeddings to avoid the catastrophic forgetting issue in traditional continual settings. Based on this framework, we propose Contrastive Continual learning via Importance Sampling (CCLIS) to preserve knowledge by recovering previous data distributions with a new strategy for Replay Buffer Selection (RBS), which minimize estimated variance to save hard negative samples for representation learning with high quality. Furthermore, we present the Prototype-instance Relation Distillation (PRD) loss, a technique designed to maintain the relationship between prototypes and sample representations using a self-distillation process. Experiments on standard continual learning benchmarks reveal that our method notably outperforms existing baselines in terms of knowledge preservation and thereby effectively counteracts catastrophic forgetting in online contexts. The code is available at https://***/lijy373/CCLIS. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Distillation

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Functional Linear Non-Gaussian Acyclic Model for Causal Discovery

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Yang, Tian-Le Lee, Kuang-Yao Zhang, Kun Suzuki, Joe Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Osaka Toyonaka Japan Department of Statistics Operations and Data Science Temple University PhiladelphiaPA19122 United States Machine Learning Department Carnegie Mellon University Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence PittsburghPA15213 United States Masdar city Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

In causal discovery, non-Gaussianity has been used to characterize the complete configuration of a Linear Non-Gaussian Acyclic Model (LiNGAM), encompassing both the causal ordering of variables and their respective connection strengths. However, LiNGAM can only deal with the finite-dimensional case. To expand this concept, we extend the notion of variables to encompass vectors and even functions, leading to the Functional Linear Non-Gaussian Acyclic Model (Func-LiNGAM). Our motivation stems from the desire to identify causal relationships in brain-effective connectivity tasks involving, for example, fMRI and EEG datasets. We demonstrate why the original LiNGAM fails to handle these inherently infinite-dimensional datasets and explain the availability of functional data analysis from both empirical and theoretical perspectives. We establish theoretical guarantees of the identifiability of the causal relationship among non-Gaussian random vectors and even random functions in infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. To address the issue of sparsity in discrete time points within intrinsic infinite-dimensional functional data, we propose optimizing the coordinates of the vectors using functional principal component analysis. Experimental results on synthetic data verify the ability of the proposed framework to identify causal relationships among multivariate functions using the observed samples. For real data, we focus on analyzing the brain connectivity patterns derived from fMRI data. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Vector spaces

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