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Vectorized Conditional Neural Fields: A Framework for Solving Time-dependent Parametric Partial Differential Equations

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arXiv 2024年

关键词： Extrapolation

Vectorized conditional neural fields: a framework for solving time-dependent parametric partial differential equations 24

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Vectorized conditional neural fields: a framework for solvin...

Proceedings of the 41st International Conference on machine learning

作者： Jan Hagnberger Marimuthu Kalimuthu Daniel Musekamp Mathias Niepert Machine Learning and Simulation Lab Institute for Artificial Intelligence University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Machine Learning and Simulation Lab Institute for Artificial Intelligence University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany and Stuttgart Center for Simulation Science (SimTech) and International Max Planck Research School for Intelligent Systems (IMPRS-IS) Machine Learning and Simulation Lab Institute for Artificial Intelligence University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany and International Max Planck Research School for Intelligent Systems (IMPRS-IS)

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Canonical convolutional neural networks

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Veeramacheneni, Lokesh Wolter, Moritz Klein, Reinhard Garcke, Jochen Department of Computer Science Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg Fraunhofer Center for Machine Learning SCAI Germany High Performance Computing and Analytics Lab University of Bonn Fraunhofer Center for Machine Learning SCAI Germany Department of Computer Science University of Bonn Germany Fraunhofer Center for Machine Learning SCAI Institute for Numerical Simulation University of Bonn Germany

We introduce canonical weight normalization for convolutional neural networks. Inspired by the canonical tensor decomposition, we express the weight tensors in so-called canonical networks as scaled sums of outer vector products. In particular, we train network weights in the decomposed form, where scale weights are optimized separately for each mode. Additionally, similarly to weight normalization, we include a global scaling parameter. We study the initialization of the canonical form by running the power method and by drawing randomly from Gaussian or uniform distributions. Our results indicate that we can replace the power method with cheaper initializations drawn from standard distributions. The canonical re-parametrization leads to competitive normalization performance on the MNIST, CIFAR10, and SVHN data sets. Moreover, the formulation simplifies network compression. Once training has converged, the canonical form allows convenient model-compression by truncating the parameter sums. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

Wavelet-Packets for Deepfake Image Analysis and Detection

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Wolter, Moritz Blanke, Felix Heese, Raoul Garcke, Jochen High Performance Computing & Analytics Lab Universität Bonn Germany Fraunhofer SCAI University of Bonn Germany Fraunhofer Center for Machine Learning Fraunhofer ITWM Germany Institute for Numerical Simulation University of Bonn Germany Fraunhofer Center for Machine Learning Fraunhofer SCAI Germany

As neural networks become able to generate realistic artificial images, they have the potential to improve movies, music, video games and make the internet an even more creative and inspiring place. Yet, the latest technology potentially enables new digital ways to lie. In response, the need for a diverse and reliable method toolbox arises to identify artificial images and other content. Previous work primarily relies on pixel-space convolutional neural networks or the Fourier transform. Synthesized fake image analysis and detection methods based on a multi-scale wavelet representation, localized in both space and frequency, have been absent thus far. The wavelet transform conserves spatial information to a degree, allowing us to present a new analysis. Comparing the wavelet coefficients of real and fake images significant differences are identified, where this representation also allows further interpretations. Additionally, this paper proposes to learn a model for the detection of synthetic images based on the wavelet-packet representation of natural and generative adversarial neural network (GAN)-generated images. Our forensic classifiers exhibit competitive or improved performance at small network sizes, as we demonstrate on the Flickr Faces High Quality (FFHQ), Large-scale Celeb Faces Attributes (CelebA) and Large-scale Scene UNderstanding (LSUN) source identification problems. Furthermore, we study the binary Face Forensics++ (ff++) fake-detection problem. © 2021, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Fake detection

LimeSoDa: A Dataset Collection for Benchmarking of machine learning Regressors in Digital Soil Mapping

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Schmidinger, Jonas Vogel, Sebastian Barkov, Viacheslav Pham, Anh-Duy Gebbers, Robin Tavakoli, Hamed Correa, Jose Tavares, Tiago R. Filippi, Patrick Jones, Edward J. Lukas, Vojtech Boenecke, Eric Ruehlmann, Joerg Schroeter, Ingmar Kramer, Eckart Paetzold, Stefan Kodaira, Masakazu Wadoux, Alexandre M.J.-C. Bragazza, Luca Metzger, Konrad Huang, Jingyi Valente, Domingos S.M. Safanelli, Jose L. Bottega, Eduardo L. Dalmolin, Ricardo S.D. Farkas, Csilla Steiger, Alexander Horst, Taciara Z. Ramirez-Lopez, Leonardo Scholten, Thomas Stumpf, Felix Rosso, Pablo Costa, Marcelo M. Zandonadi, Rodrigo S. Wetterlind, Johanna Atzmueller, Martin Osnabrück University Joint Lab Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Osnabrück Germany Department of Agromechatronics Potsdam Germany Piracicaba Brazil The University of Sydney Sydney Institute of Agriculture Sydney Australia Mendel University in Brno Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology Brno Czech Republic Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Next Generation Horticultural Systems Grossbeeren Germany Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development Landscape Management and Nature Conservation Eberswalde Germany Soil Science and Soil Ecology Bonn Germany Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Institute of Agriculture Tokyo Japan LISAH Univ. Montpellier AgroParisTech INRAE IRD L'Institut Agro Montpellier France Agroscope Field-Crop Systems and Plant Nutrition Nyon Switzerland University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Soil Science Madison United States Federal University of Viçosa Department of Agricultural Engineering Viçosa Brazil Woodwell Climate Research Center Falmouth United States Academic Coordination Santa Maria Brazil Soil Department Santa Maria Brazil Division of Environment and Natural Resources Aas Norway University of Rostock Chair of Geodesy and Geoinformatics Rostock Germany Federal Technological University of Paraná Dois Vizinhos Brazil BÜCHI Labortechnik AG Data Science Department Flawil Switzerland Imperial College London Imperial College Business School London United Kingdom University of Tübingen Department of Geosciences Tübingen Germany University of Tübingen DFG Cluster of Excellence Machine Learning for Science’ Germany Bern University of Applied Sciences Competence Center for Soils Zollikofen Switzerland Simulation and Data Science Müncheberg Germany Federal University of Jataí Institute of Agricultural Sciences Jatai Brazil Federal University of Mato Grosso Instute of Agricultural and Environmental Scinces Sinop Brazil Department of Soil and Environment Skara

Digital soil mapping (DSM) relies on a broad pool of statistical methods, yet determining the optimal method for a given context remains challenging and contentious. Benchmarking studies on multiple datasets are needed to reveal strengths and limitations of commonly used methods. Existing DSM studies usually rely on a single dataset with restricted access, leading to incomplete and potentially misleading conclusions. To address these issues, we introduce an open-access dataset collection called Precision Liming Soil Datasets (LimeSoDa). LimeSoDa consists of 31 field- and farm-scale datasets from various countries. Each dataset has three target soil properties: (1) soil organic matter or soil organic carbon, (2) clay content and (3) pH, alongside a set of features. Features are dataset-specific and were obtained by optical spectroscopy, proximal- and remote soil sensing. All datasets were aligned to a tabular format and are ready-to-use for modeling. We demonstrated the use of LimeSoDa for benchmarking by comparing the predictive performance of four learning algorithms across all datasets. This comparison included multiple linear regression (MLR), support vector regression (SVR), categorical boosting (CatBoost) and random forest (RF). The results showed that although no single algorithm was universally superior, certain algorithms performed better in specific contexts. MLR and SVR performed better on high-dimensional spectral datasets, likely due to better compatibility with principal components. In contrast, CatBoost and RF exhibited considerably better performances when applied to datasets with a moderate number ( © 2025, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

FLIGHTSCOPE: AN EXPERIMENTAL COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF AIRCRAFT DETECTION ALGORITHMS IN SATELLITE IMAGERY

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ghazouali, Safouane EL Venturini, Francesca Rüegsegger, Michael Gucciardi, Arnaud Venturi, Nicola Michelucci, Umberto Machine Learning Research & Development TOELT LLC AI lab Winterthur Switzerland Institute of Applied Mathematics & Physics ZHAW - Zurich University of Applied Sciences Winterthur Switzerland Competence Center for AI and Simulation Armasuisse S+T Thun Switzerland Computer Science Department Lucerne University of Applied Science and Arts Luzern Switzerland

Object detection in remotely sensed satellite pictures is fundamental in many fields such as biophysical, and environmental monitoring. While deep learning algorithms are constantly evolving, they have been mostly implemented and tested on popular ground-based taken photos. This paper critically evaluates and compares a suite of advanced object detection algorithms customized for the task of identifying aircraft within satellite imagery. Using the large HRPlanesV2 dataset, together with a rigorous validation with the GDIT dataset, this research encompasses an array of methodologies including YOLO versions 5 and 8, Faster RCNN, CenterNet, RetinaNet, RTMDet, and DETR, all trained from scratch. This exhaustive training and validation study reveal YOLOv5 as the preeminent model for the specific case of identifying airplanes from remote sensing data, showcasing high precision and adaptability across diverse imaging conditions. This research highlight the nuanced performance landscapes of these algorithms, with YOLOv5 emerging as a robust solution for aerial object detection, underlining its importance through superior mean average precision, Recall, and Intersection over Union scores. The findings described here underscore the fundamental role of algorithm selection aligned with the specific demands of satellite imagery analysis and extend a comprehensive framework to evaluate model efficacy. The benchmark toolkit and codes, available via GitHub, aims to further exploration and innovation in the realm of remote sensing object detection, paving the way for improved analytical methodologies in satellite imagery applications. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Satellite imagery

DRG-Net: Interactive Joint learning of Multi-lesion Segmentation and Classification for Diabetic Retinopathy Grading

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Tusfiqur, Hasan Md Nguyen, Duy M.H. Truong, Mai T.N. Nguyen, Triet A. Nguyen, Binh T. Barz, Michael Profitlich, Hans-Jürgen Than, Ngoc T.T. Le, Ngan Xie, Pengtao Sonntag, Daniel Germany Machine Learning and Simulation Lab University of Stuttgart Germany Department of Multimedia Engineering Dongguk University Korea Republic of Department of Mathematics University of Architecture Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam AISIA Lab University of Science VNUHCM Viet Nam Byers Eye Institute Stanford University United States Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering University of Arkansas United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego United States Applied Artificial Intelligence Oldenburg University Germany

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss in the world, and early DR detection is necessary to prevent vision loss and support an appropriate treatment. In this work, we leverage interactive machine learning and introduce a joint learning framework, termed DRG-Net, to effectively learn both disease grading and multi-lesion segmentation. Our DRG-Net consists of two modules: (i) DRG-AI-System to classify DR Grading, localize lesion areas and provide visual explanation and (ii) DRG-Expert-Interaction to receive feedback from user-expert and improve the DRG-AI-System. To deal with sparse data, we utilize transfer learning mechanisms to extract invariant feature representations by using Wasserstein distance and adversarial learning-based entropy minimization. Besides, we propose a novel attention strategy at both low- and high-level features to automatically select the most significant lesion information and provide explainable properties. In terms of human interaction, we further develop DRG-Net as a tool that enables expert users to correct the system’s predictions, which may then be used to update the system as a whole. Moreover, thanks to the attention mechanism and loss functions constraint between lesion features and classification features, our approach can be robust given a certain level of noise in the feedback of users. We have benchmarked DRG-Net on the two largest DR datasets, i.e., IDRID and FGADR, and compared it to various state-of-the-art deep learning networks. In addition to outperforming other SOTA approaches, DRG-Net is effectively updated using user feedback, even in a weakly-supervised manner. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Grading

LimeSoDa: A dataset collection for benchmarking of machine learning regressors in digital soil mapping

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Geoderma 2025年 459卷

作者： Schmidinger, Jonas Vogel, Sebastian Barkov, Viacheslav Pham, Anh-Duy Gebbers, Robin Tavakoli, Hamed Correa, Jose Tavares, Tiago R. Filippi, Patrick Jones, Edward J. Lukas, Vojtech Boenecke, Eric Ruehlmann, Joerg Schroeter, Ingmar Kramer, Eckart Paetzold, Stefan Kodaira, Masakazu Wadoux, Alexandre M.J.-C. Bragazza, Luca Metzger, Konrad Huang, Jingyi Valente, Domingos S.M. Safanelli, Jose L. Bottega, Eduardo L. Dalmolin, Ricardo S.D. Farkas, Csilla Steiger, Alexander Horst, Taciara Z. Ramirez-Lopez, Leonardo Scholten, Thomas Stumpf, Felix Rosso, Pablo Costa, Marcelo M. Zandonadi, Rodrigo S. Wetterlind, Johanna Atzmueller, Martin Osnabrück University Joint Lab Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Osnabrück Germany Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB) Department of Agromechatronics Potsdam Germany University of São Paulo (USP) Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA) Piracicaba Brazil The University of Sydney Sydney Institute of Agriculture Sydney Australia Mendel University in Brno Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology Brno Czech Republic Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Next Generation Horticultural Systems Grossbeeren Germany Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development Landscape Management and Nature Conservation Eberswalde Germany University of Bonn Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)—Soil Science and Soil Ecology Bonn Germany Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Institute of Agriculture Tokyo Japan LISAH Univ. Montpellier AgroParisTech INRAE IRD L'Institut Agro Montpellier France Agroscope Field-Crop Systems and Plant Nutrition Nyon Switzerland University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Soil Science Madison United States Federal University of Viçosa Department of Agricultural Engineering Viçosa Brazil Woodwell Climate Research Center Falmouth United States Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) Academic Coordination Santa Maria Brazil Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) Soil Department Santa Maria Brazil Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO) Division of Environment and Natural Resources Aas Norway University of Rostock Chair of Geodesy and Geoinformatics Rostock Germany Federal Technological University of Paraná Dois Vizinhos Brazil BÜCHI Labortechnik AG Data Science Department Flawil Switzerland Imperial College London Imperial College Business School London United Kingdom University of Tübingen Department of Geosciences Tübingen Germany University of Tübingen DFG Cluster of Excellence ‘Machine Learning for Science’ Germany Bern Universi

关键词： Benchmarking Dataset collection Digital soil mapping machine learning Open data Pedometrics

DPA-2:a large atomic model as a multitask learner

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npj Computational Materials 2024年第1期10卷 185-199页

作者： Duo Zhang Xinzijian Liu Xiangyu Zhang Chengqian Zhang Chun Cai Hangrui Bi Yiming Du Xuejian Qin Anyang Peng Jiameng Huang Bowen Li Yifan Shan Jinzhe Zeng Yuzhi Zhang Siyuan Liu Yifan Li Junhan Chang Xinyan Wang Shuo Zhou Jianchuan Liu Xiaoshan Luo Zhenyu Wang Wanrun Jiang Jing Wu Yudi Yang Jiyuan Yang Manyi Yang Fu-Qiang Gong Linshuang Zhang Mengchao Shi Fu-Zhi Dai Darrin M.York Shi Liu Tong Zhu Zhicheng Zhong Jian Lv Jun Cheng Weile Jia Mohan Chen Guolin Ke Weinan E Linfeng Zhang Han Wang AI for Science Institute BeijingP.R.China DP Technology BeijingP.R.China Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking UniversityBeijingP.R.China State Key Lab of Processors Institute of Computing TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP.R.China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingP.R.China HEDPS CAPTCollege of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijingP.R.China Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesNingboP.R.China CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesNingboP.R.China School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking UniversityBeijingP.R.China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics&New Drug Development School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiP.R.China Laboratory for Biomolecular Simulation Research Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine and Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJUSA Department of Chemistry Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJUSA College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking UniversityBeijingP.R.China Yuanpei College Peking UniversityBeijingP.R.China School of Electrical Engineering and Electronic Information Xihua UniversityChengduP.R.China State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials College of PhysicsJilin UniversityChangchunP.R.China Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods&Software of Ministry of Education College of PhysicsJilin UniversityChangchunP.R.China International Center of Future Science Jilin UniversityChangchunP.R.China Key Laboratory for Quantum Materialsof Zhejiang Province Department of PhysicsSchool of ScienceWestlake UniversityHangzhouP.R.China Atomistic Simulations Italian Institute of TechnologyGenovaItaly State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface iChEMCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiame

The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)are catalyzing transformative changes in atomic modeling,simulation,and ***-driven potential energy models havedemonstrated the capability to conduct large-scale,long-duration simulations with the accuracy of ab initio electronic structure ***,the model generation process remains a bottleneck for large-scale *** propose a shift towards a model-centric ecosystem,wherein a large atomic model(LAM),pretrained across multiple disciplines,can be efficiently fine-tuned and distilled for various downstream tasks,thereby establishing a new framework for molecular *** this study,we introduce the DPA-2 architecture as a prototype for ***-trained on a diverse array of chemical and materials systemsusing a multi-task approach,DPA-2demonstrates superior generalization capabilities across multiple downstream tasks compared to the traditional single-task pre-training and fine-tuning *** approach sets the stage for the development and broad application of LAMs in molecular and materials simulation research.

关键词： DPA establishing thereby