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material Recovery and Characterization of PCB from Electronic Waste

Procedia - Social and Behavioral sciences 2012年 57卷 331-338页

作者： Jessica Hanafi Eric Jobiliong Agustina Christiani Dhamma C. Soenarta Juwan Kurniawan Januar Irawan Graduate Program in Industrial Engineering Department of Industrial Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technology Universitas Pelita Harapan Karawaci Banten 15811 Indonesia Pusat Penelitian Metalurgi (Material Science Research Centre) Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) Kawasan Puspitek Serpong Tangerang 15310 Indonesia

Printed Circuit Boards are commonly exist in computers, laptops and mobile phones. Since it contains of a variety of metals and semiconductors, it is difficult to recover the materials in PCB. This paper aims to characterize the composition of these materials and a method to properly recycle and recover the materials in them. This paper utilized simple mechanical and chemical procedures to recover PCBs. Collected PCBs were disassembled, pulverized and separated by using density and magnetic separation method. By using the chemical recycling method, 98.82% purity of CuSO4 hydrate and Al2(SO4)3 hydrate were recovered from the PCBs. It is found that the milling methods, size of the sample and the density of the separating solution determine the effectiveness of the materials recovered.

关键词： material recovery electronic waste printed circuit board

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Early-Effect like Behavior in Space Charge Regions of Organic Bulk-Heterojunction Photodiodes

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MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) 2012年第1期1360卷 mrss11-1360-oo10-38-mrss11-1360-oo10-38页

作者： Ali Bilge Guvenc Cengiz Ozkan Mihrimah Ozkan Department of Electrical Engineering University of California Riverside Riverside CA 92521 U.S.A. Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California Riverside Riverside CA 92521 U.S.A. Material Science and Engineering Program University of California Riverside Riverside CA 92521 U.S.A.

The space charge region width of the Schottky barrier that forms on the interface between aluminum and organic semiconductor polymer of bulk-heterojunction organic photodiodes has been investigated according to reverse voltage bias over the device and the capacitance-voltage characteristics. Here, we investigated the space charge region widths according to incident light power. Comparison of the mathematical models and experimental data measured under different light power indicate that effect of light on the space charge region of photodiodes is similar to the effect of base-emitter voltage on the space charge region of base-emitter junction in bipolar junction transistors.

关键词： electrical properties thin film photovoltaic

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Gelation via Ion Exchange in Discotic Suspensions

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Physical Review Letters 2012年第24期108卷 247802-247802页

作者： Ya-Wen Chang Andres F. Mejia Zhengdong Cheng Xiaojun Di Gregory B. McKenna Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA Material Science and Engineering Program Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA Professional Program in Biotechnology Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA Department of Chemical Engineering Whitacre College of Engineering Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas 79409 USA

The phase behavior of charged disk suspensions displays a strong dependence on ionic strengths, as the interplay between excluded volume and electrostatic interactions determines the formation of glasses, gels, and liquid crystal states. The various ions in natural soil or brine, however, could present additional effects, especially considering that most platelet structures bear a momentous ion-exchange capacity. Here we observed how ion exchange modulates and controls the interaction between individual disks and leads to unconventional phase transitions from isotropic gel to nematic gel and finally to nematic liquid crystals.

关键词： GELATION ION exchange (Chemistry) PHASE transformations (Physics) SALT SUSPENSIONS (Chemistry) NEMATIC liquid crystals ELECTROSTATICS

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Gorgon and pathwalking: macromolecular modeling tools for subnanometer resolution density maps

Gorgon and pathwalking: Macromolecular modeling tools for su...

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作者： Baker, Matthew L. Baker, Mariah R. Hryc, Corey F. Ju, Tao Chiu, Wah Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology National Center for Macromolecular Imaging Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 United States Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO 63130 United States

The complex interplay of proteins and other molecules, often in the form of large transitory assemblies, are critical to cellular function. Today, X-ray crystallography and electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) are routinely used to image these macromolecular complexes, though often at limited resolutions. Despite the rapidly growing number of macromolecular structures, few tools exist for modeling and annotating structures in the range of 3-10 Å resolution. To address this need, we have developed a number of utilities specifically targeting subnanometer resolution density maps. As part of the 2010 Cryo-EM Modeling Challenge, we demonstrated two of our latest de novo modeling tools, Pathwalking and Gorgon, as well as a tool for secondary structure identification (SSEHunter) and a new rigid-body/flexible fitting tool in Gorgon. In total, we submitted 30 structural models from ten different subnanometer resolution data sets in four of the six challenge categories. Each of our utlities produced accurate structural models and annotations across the various density maps. In the end, the utilities that we present here offer users a robust toolkit for analyzing and modeling protein structure in macromolecular assemblies at non-atomic resolutions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： X ray crystallography

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Fabrication of site specific amorphous/nanocrystalline silicon composite thin film for solar cells

Fabrication of site specific amorphous/nanocrystalline silic...

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2012 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference

作者： B. Newton H. Abu Safe M. Benemara S. Yu H. Naseem Microelectronics Photonics Program University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas USA Department of Electrical Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville Fayetteville Arkansas USA Natural Science Division Lebanese American University Lebanon Institute of Nanoscale Material Science and Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas USA

The absorption properties of amorphous silicon (α-Si) and the electron transport properties of nanocrystalline silicon are combined in a novel composite material for thin film silicon solar cells. In this work a composite film composed of α-Si with site specific areas of nanocrystalline material was created. Al was deposited through a SiO 2 template containing nanometer sized apertures with an approximate diameter of 250 nm onto an α-Si film supported by a ; crystalline silicon substrate. It was then annealed at 350°C. The annealing caused crystallization only at sites where the Al was in contact with the α-Si surface. The AIC created site specific three dimensional nanocrystalline structures embedded in a thin film of α-Si. After grain boundary passivation these nanocrystalline sites will provide pathways for charge carriers that are less defect dense than the α-Si film. TEM samples were fabricated from the composite film utilizing the focus ion beam. The growth characteristics of these 3D nanostructures and the α-Si thin film were characterized utilizing ESEM and the TEM.

关键词： Annealing USA Councils Substrates Platinum Measurement uncertainty Valves

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On the structure alteration of crosslinkable gelatin coupled with methacrylic acid and its hydrogel

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E-Polymers 2012年

作者： Hu, Xiaohong Li, Dan Zhou, Feng Gao, Changyou MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China School of Material Engineering Jinling Institute of Technology Nanjing 211169 China State Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Infectious Diseases First Affiliated Hospital College of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003 China

Physical structures of a crosslinkable gelatin derivative (GM) were studied in terms of alteration of apparent molecular weight, triple helix content and mechanical strength. The GM with a substitution degree (DS) of 49% and 79% was prepared by grafting mechacrylic acid (MA), which was able to form injectable hydrogel by photoinitiating polymerization. The zeta potential was increased along the increase of DS. After modification, the apparent number-average molecular weight (Mn) detected by gel permeation chromatography was decreased to about 2/3 of gelatin, while the apparent weight-average molecular weight (Mw) was changed within a small range. Differential scanning calorimetry and circular dichroism (CD) revealed that ability of triple-helix formation of GM was decreased along with the increase of DS and decrease of GM concentration. After photocrosslinking, the sol-gel transition of GM49 physical-chemical hydrogel still existed, but completely disappeared for its chemical hydrogel. The physical-chemical hydrogel showed a larger storage modulus at 20°C than at 37°C as a result of additional physical crosslinking.

关键词： Hydrogels

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Up-Conversion in Er3+-Doped Ge25Ga5Sb5S65 Chalcogenide Glass for Enhancement of Silicon Solar Cell Efficiency

Up-Conversion in Er3+-Doped Ge25Ga5Sb5S65 Chalcogenide Glass...

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Photonics and Optoelectronics, SOPO

作者： T. Wagner L. Strizik P. Kostal M. Frumar B. Frumarova Mil. Vlcek L. Benes C. Liu J. Heo Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry and Centre for Materials Science Centre for Material Science University of Pardubice Pardubice Czech Republic Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry and Centre for Materials Science University of Pardubice Pardubice Czech Republic Joint Laboratory of Solid State of Pardubice and the Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR Chemistry University of Pardubice Pardubice Czech Republic Centre for Information Materials and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang South Korea

Er 3+ -doped Ge 25 Ga 5 Sb 5 S 65 chalcogenide glass was studied as a potential material for up-conversion application to enhancement of silicon solar cell efficiency. Thermal properties were studied via DSC measurement, optical properties via variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry and photoluminescence measurement. The host chalcogenide glass shows good thermal, chemical and physical properties. The band gap energy is ~2.23 eV which allows to emit green and red luminescent light from 4 S 3/2 → 4 I 15/2 and 4 F 9/2 → 4 I 15/2 4f-4f transitions of Er 3+ ions under 800 nm pumping with Ti-sapphire tunable laser.

关键词： Glass Temperature measurement Silicon Laser excitation Solids Optical variables measurement

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Plasmonic Complex Fluids of Nematiclike and Helicoidal Self-Assemblies of Gold Nanorods with a Negative Order Parameter

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Physical Review Letters 2012年第8期109卷 088301-088301页

作者： Qingkun Liu Bohdan Senyuk Jianwei Tang Taewoo Lee Jun Qian Sailing He Ivan I. Smalyukh Department of Physics Material Science and Engineering Program Department of Electrical Computer & Energy Engineering and Liquid Crystal Materials Research Center University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People’s Republic of China Department of Electromagnetic Engineering Royal Institute of Technology S-100 44 Stockholm Sweden Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory and University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA

We describe a soft matter system of self-organized oblate micelles and plasmonic gold nanorods that exhibit a negative orientational order parameter. Because of anisotropic surface anchoring interactions, colloidal gold nanorods tend to align perpendicular to the director describing the average orientation of normals to the discoidal micelles. Helicoidal structures of highly concentrated nanorods with a negative order parameter are realized by adding a chiral additive and are further controlled by means of confinement and mechanical stress. Polarization-sensitive absorption, scattering, and two-photon luminescence are used to characterize orientations and spatial distributions of nanorods. Self-alignment and effective-medium optical properties of these hybrid inorganic-organic complex fluids match predictions of a simple model based on anisotropic surface anchoring interactions of nanorods with the structured host medium.

关键词： PLASMONS (Physics) COMPLEX fluids MOLECULAR self-assembly GOLD nanoparticles PARAMETER estimation SOFT condensed matter

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Utilization of Recycled Rayon Waste-Kapok Mixture (RRWK) as a sorbent for oil removal

Utilization of Recycled Rayon Waste-Kapok Mixture (RRWK) as ...

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International Conference on Systems and Electronic engineering(ICSEE’2012);International Conference on Civil and Architectural applications (ICCAA’2012);International Conference on Advances in Electrical and Mechanical engineering(ICAEME’2012);International Conference on Business,Finance and Geography(ICBFG’2012);International Conference on Ecology,Agriculture and Chemical engineering(ICEACS’2012);International Conference on Biotechnology,Biological and Biosystems engineering(ICBBBE’2012)

作者： Chaowalit Senanurakwarkul Panadda Kongsricharoen Darathip Pejprom Sutha Khaodhiar Supawan Tantayanon Technopreneurship and Innovation Management program Graduate School Chulalongkorn University Department of Environmental Engineering Chulalongkorn University Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Center of Petroleum and Advanced Material Chulalongkorn University Technopreneurship and Innovation Management Graduate School Chulalongkorn University

The aim of this study was to investigate the utilization of a recycled rayon waste-kapok mixture as an oil sorbent for the removal of diesel and motor oil. The oil-sorption capacity of the materials under static conditions was evaluated. The results show the high sorption capacity of the recycled rayon waste-kapok mixture for both diesel and motor oil after 15 minutes (14.30 g of oil/g of sorbent for diesel oil and 24.17 g of oil/g of sorbent for motor oil) and after 24 hours (15.30 g of oil/g of sorbent for diesel oil and 25.05 g of oil/g of sorbent for motor oil). It can be concluded that RRWK, which can be produced by utilizing industrial waste, is an effective low cost, environmentally friendly oil sorbent with comparable performance to commercial products.

关键词： Recycled rayon waste-kapok mixture, oil sorbent

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Implementation of digital upgrades to the UFTR protection and control systems

Implementation of digital upgrades to the UFTR protection an...

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2011 ANS Annual Winter Meeting and Embedded Topical Meetings: 1st ANS SMR 2011 Conference and Young Professionals Congress 2011

作者： Bickford, Geoffrey Ghita, Gabriel Lewis, Jason Nuclear Engineering Program Department of Material Science and Engineering University of Florida Gainesville FL 32601 United States

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