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Substantial thermoelectric enhancement achieved by manipulating the band structure and dislocations in Ag and La co-doped SnTe

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2021年第4期10卷 860-870页

作者： Wenjing XU Zhongwei ZHANG Chengyan LIU Jie GAO Zhenyuan YE Chunguang CHEN Ying PENG Xiaobo BAI Lei MIAO Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Material Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and MaterialsSchool of Material Science and EngineeringGuilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuilin 541004China Department of Materials Science and Engineering SIT Research LaboratoriesInnovative Global ProgramFaculty of EngineeringShibaura Institute of TechnologyTokyo 135-8548Japan

Eco-friendly SnTe based thermoelectric materials are intensively studied recently as candidates to replace PbTe;yet the thermoelectric performance of SnTe is suppressed by its intrinsically high carrier concentration and high thermal *** this work,we confirm that the Ag and La co-doping can be applied to simultaneously enhance the power factor and reduce the thermal conductivity,contributing to a final promotion of figure of *** one hand,the carrier concentration and band offset between valence bands are concurrently reduced,promoting the power factor to a highest value of-2436μW·m^(-1)·K^(-2) at 873 *** the other hand,lots of dislocations(~3.16×10^(7)mm^(-2))associated with impurity precipitates are generated,resulting in the decline of thermal conductivity to a minimum value of 1.87 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1) at 873 *** a result,a substantial thermoelectric performance enhancement up to zT≈1.0 at 873 K is obtained for the sample Sn0.94Ag0.09La0.05Te,which is twice that of the pristine SnTe(zT≈0.49 at 873 K).This strategy of synergistic manipulation of electronic band and microstructures via introducing rare earth elements could be applied to other systems to improve thermoelectric performance.

关键词： SnTe band convergence dislocation Ag and La co-doping thermoelectric performance

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In-situ real-time monitoring of GeSn growth using UHV-CVD to achieve high-quality material with lasing at 2250 nm and 100 K [Invited]

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Optical materials Express 2025年第6期15卷 1371-1381页

作者： Joshua Grant Sudip Acharya Alexer Golden Enbo Yang Hryhorii Stanchu Guo-En Chang Greg Sun Wei Du Shui-Qing Yu Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 USA Material Science and Engineering Program University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 USA Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chung Cheng University Chiayi 62102 Taiwan Department of Engineering University of Massachusetts Boston MA 02125 USA

GeSn alloys hold great promise for the development of Si photonics due to its direct bandgap with sufficient high Sn composition, tunable bandgap energies covering broad infrared wavelength range, and compatibility with the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process. For the past decades, tremendous efforts have been made to develop material growth recipes to obtain device-level material quality using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactors. A common issue in material growth is the formation of Sn droplets (i.e., Sn segregation) that seriously degrades the material quality. However, although industrial CVD has delivered high-quality materials for device demonstration, the dynamic process of material growth remains unavailable, and only ex-situ material characterizations could provide feedback. In this work, a specially designed ultra-high-vacuum CVD (UHV-CVD) was used to study the growth dynamic by employing an in-situ optical system, which enables us to monitor the formation of Sn droplets in real-time. The Sn segregation occurring at the cooling stage after growth completion rather than during material growth was discovered, indicating that a post-growth treatment is needed to minimize the Sn droplet formation. By extending the GeSn growth time and controlling the cooling cycle, the number of Sn droplets dramatically reduced, leading to a high-quality strain-relaxed GeSn layer with 10.2% Sn composition and over 730 nm thickness. material quality is comparable with those grown using commercial RPCVD in the early stage, which was further confirmed by the demonstration of an optically pumped laser. A threshold of ∼600 kW/cm 2 at 77 K and a maximum operating temperature of 100 K were obtained, with the lasing peak at ∼2250 nm.

关键词： Avalanche photodiodes Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Laser sources materials processing Physical vapor deposition Thin films

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Imaging atomic-scale chemistry from fused multi-modal electron microscopy

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npj Computational materials 2022年第1期8卷 164-171页

作者： Jonathan Schwartz Zichao Wendy Di Yi Jiang Alyssa J.Fielitz Don-Hyung Ha Sanjaya D.Perera Ismail El Baggari Richard D.Robinson Jeffrey A.Fessler Colin Ophus Steve Rozeveld Robert Hovden Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemontILUSA Advanced Photon Source Facility Argonne National LaboratoryLemontILUSA Dow Chemical Co. MidlandMIUSA Department of Material Science and Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA School of Integrative Engineering Chung-Ang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Department of Physics Cornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA The Rowland Institute at Harvard CambridgeMAUSA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA National Center for Electron Microscopy Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryMolecular FoundryBerkeleyCAUSA Applied Physics Program University of MIchiganAnn ArborMIUnited States

Efforts to map atomic-scale chemistry at low doses with minimal noise using electron microscopes are fundamentally limited by inelastic ***,fused multi-modal electron microscopy offers high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)recovery of material chemistry at nano-and atomic-resolution by coupling correlated information encoded within both elastic scattering(high-angle annular dark-field(HAADF))and inelastic spectroscopic signals(electron energy loss(EELS)or energy-dispersive x-ray(EDX)).By linking these simultaneously acquired signals,or modalities,the chemical distribution within nanomaterials can be imaged at significantly lower doses with existing detector *** many cases,the dose requirements can be reduced by over one order of *** high SNR recovery of chemistry is tested against simulated and experimental atomic resolution data of heterogeneous nanomaterials.

关键词： materials chemistry fused

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Mass transport in a highly immiscible alloy on extended shear deformation

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Journal of materials science & Technology 2023年第3期134卷 197-208页

作者： Miao Song Jia Liu Xiaolong Ma Qin Pang Matthew J.Olszta Joshua Silverstein Madhusudhan R.Pallaka Peter V.Sushko Suveen N.Mathaudhu Cynthia Powell Arun Devaraj Bharat Gwalani Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory902 Battelle BoulevardRichlandWA 99354USA Energy and Environmental Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory902 Battelle BoulevardRichlandWA 99354USA Material Science and Engineering Program University of CaliforniaRiversideCA92521USA Colorado School of Mines 1500 Illinois St.GoldenCO 8040USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695-7907USA State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy Central South Uni-versityChangsha 410083China

Forced mixing to a single-phase or supersaturated solid solution(SSS)and its prerequisite microstructure evolution in immiscible systems has been a focus of research for fundamental science and practical *** the formation of SSS by shear deformation could enable a material design beyond conventional equilibrium microstructure in immiscible ***,a highly immiscible Cu-50 at.%Cr binary alloy(mixing enthalpy of∼20 kJ mol^(−1))was employed to investigate the microstructure evolution and localized tendencies of SSS during severe shear *** results demonstrate the dislocation mediated microstructural refinement process in each phase of the binary alloy and the mechanisms associated with localized solute supersaturation as a function of shear *** grain refinement in the softer Cu phase occurs owing to the strain localization driving the preferential dynamic *** grain refinement of the Cr phase,however,is enabled by the progressive evolution of grain lamination,splitting,and fragmentation as a function of shear *** solute supersaturation is found to be strongly dependent on the local environments that affect the dislocation activity,including the level of microstructure refinement,the interfacial orientation relationship,the mechanical incompatibility,and the localized preferential phase *** initio simulations confirm that it is more favorable to oxidize Cr than Cu at incoherent Cu/Cr interfaces,limiting the mass transport on an incoherent *** results unveil the mechanism underpinning the non-equilibrium mass transport in immiscible systems upon severe deformation that can be applied to produce immiscible alloys with superior mechanical properties.

关键词： Tribology Immiscible alloys Nanostructures Shear deformation Forced mixing Atom probe

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Evolving Energy Dissipation Characteristics of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament: Digital Image Correlation & Repeated Cycle-Recovery Experiments

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Kuetzing, Peter M. Scheven, Ulrich M. Arruda, Ellen M. Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Program in Macromolecular Macromolecular Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States

The ability of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) to dissipate energy during cyclic loading conditions is crucial for understanding ACL failure. This study employs a novel mechanical test fixture for both shorter duration Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and longer duration Repeated Cycle-Recovery (RCR) ex-vivo experiments. The fixture ensured effective clamping and precise alignment of the Anterior Medial Bone-Ligament-Bone (AM BLB) samples while preserving the integrity and camera view of the region directly above the entheses. Results from the DIC and RCR experiments provide compelling evidence of localized hysteresis and evolving energy dissipation characteristics. The RCR experiments indicate a reduction in the energy absorption capabilities of the AM BLB with progressive cyclic loading, evident by a decrease in normalized hysteresis and diminished viscoelasticity over time. Furthermore, DIC experiments revealed strain concentrations in areas prone to acute ACL injuries. These findings underscore the importance of considering cyclic loading and localized strain behaviors in ACL failure mechanisms and may inform strategies for injury prevention and rehabilitation. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cyclic loads

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Functionally graded structure of a nitride-strengthened Mg_(2)Si-based hybrid composite

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 1239-1256页

作者： Jeongho Yang Woongbeom Heogh Hogi Ju Sukhyun Kang Tae-Sik Jang Hyun-Do Jung Mohammad Jahazi Seung Chul Han Seong Je Park Hyoung Seop Kim Susmita Bose Amit Bandyopadhyay Martin Byung-Guk Jun Young Won Kim Dae-kyeom Kim Rigoberto CAdvincula Clodualdo Aranas Jr Sang Hoon Kim School of Mechanical Engineering Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Design Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea Process Research 3 Team LG Display Co.Ltd.PajuGyeonggi-do 10845Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Chosun UniversityGwangju 61452Republic of Korea Institute of Well-Aging Medicare&Chosun University LAMP Center Chosun UniversityGwangju 61452Republic of Korea Division of Materials Science and Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering École de Technologie SupérieureMontrealQuebec H3C 1K3Canada Material&Component Convergence R&D Center Korea Construction Equipment Technology InstituteGunsanJeollabuk-do 54002Republic of Korea School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Graduate Institute of Ferrous&Eco Materials Technology Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangGyeongsangbuk-do 37673Republic of Korea Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Washington State UniversityPullmanWashington 99164USA School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana 47907USA Research Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Korea Institute of Industrial TechnologyIncheon 21999Republic of Korea Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhio 44106USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Joint Institute for Advanced Materials University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennessee 37996USA Center for Nanophase Materials and Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee 37830USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of New BrunswickFrederictonNew Brunswick E3B 5A3Cana

The ex-situ incorporation of the secondary SiC reinforcement,along with the in-situ incorporation of the tertiary and quaternary Mg_(3)N_(2) and Si_(3)N_(4) phases,in the primary matrix of Mg_(2)Si is employed in order to provide ultimate wear resistance based on the laser-irradiation-induced inclusion of N_(2) gas during laser powder bed *** is substantialized based on both the thermal diffusion-and chemical reactionbased metallurgy of the Mg_(2)Si–SiC/nitride hybrid *** study also proposes a functional platform for systematically modulating a functionally graded structure and modeling build-direction-dependent architectonics during additive *** strategy enables the development of a compositional gradient from the center to the edge of each melt pool of the Mg_(2)Si–SiC/nitride hybrid ***,the coefficient of friction of the hybrid composite exhibits a 309.3%decrease to–1.67 compared to–0.54 for the conventional nonreinforced Mg_(2)Si structure,while the tensile strength exhibits a 171.3%increase to 831.5 MPa compared to 485.3 MPa for the conventional *** outstanding mechanical behavior is due to the(1)the complementary and synergistic reinforcement effects of the SiC and nitride compounds,each of which possesses an intrinsically high hardness,and(2)the strong adhesion of these compounds to the Mg_(2)Si matrix despite their small sizes and low concentrations.

关键词： Laser powder bed fusion Mg_(2)Si-SiC/nitride hybrid composite Both the thermal diffusion-and chemical reaction-based metallurgy Functionally graded structure Compositional gradient Wear resistance.

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Pt_(1)/Ni_(6)Co_(1)layered double hydroxides/N-doped graphene for electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensing by synergistic enhancement of single atoms and doping

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Nano Research 2023年第1期16卷 318-324页

作者： Baojun Long Peiyu Cao Yuanmeng Zhao Qianqian Fu Yan Mo Yueming Zhai Juejing Liu Xingyi Lyu Tao Li Xiaofeng Guo Changsheng Shan Minghua Zeng Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHubei UniversityWuhan 430062China Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541004China The Institute for Advanced Studies(IAS) Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Material Science and Engineering Program Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA Department of Chemistry and Alexandra Navrotsky Institute for Experimental Thermodynamics Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA X-ray Science Division Argonne National LaboratoryArgonneIL 60439USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Northern Illinois UniversityDeKalbIL 60115USA

The development of novel single-atom catalysts is important for highly efficient electrochemical catalysis and *** this work,a novel Pt single atoms(SAs)supported on Ni_(6)Co_(1)layered double hydroxides/nitrogen-doped graphene(Pt_(1)/Ni_(6)Co_(1)LDHs/NG)was constructed for electrochemical enzyme-free catalysis and sensing towards *** loading of Pt single atoms increases with doping of Co atoms that generate more anchoring sites for Pt *** resulting Pt_(1)/Ni_(6)Co_(1)LDHs/NG exhibits low oxidative potential of 0.440 V with high sensitivity of 273.78μA·mM^(−1)·cm^(−2)toward glucose,which are 85 mV lower and 15 times higher than those of Ni(OH)_(2),***_(1)/Ni_(6)Co_(1)LDHs/NG also shows excellent selectivity and great stability during 5-week *** and experimental results show that the boosted performance of Pt_(1)/Ni_(6)Co_(1)LDHs/NG originates from its stronger binding energy with glucose and the synergistic effect of Pt SAs,Co doping,and *** work provides a general strategy of designing highly active SACs for extending their application in electrochemical sensing.

关键词： single-atom catalysts electrochemical sensor layered double hydroxides nitrogen-doped graphene synergistic effect

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Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors

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ACS NANO 2023年第6期17卷 5211-5295页

作者： Luo, Yifei Abidian, Mohammad Reza Ahn, Jong-Hyun Akinwande, Deji Andrews, Anne M. Antonietti, Markus Bao, Zhenan Berggren, Magnus Berkey, Christopher A. Bettinger, Christopher John Chen, Jun Chen, Peng Cheng, Wenlong Cheng, Xu Choi, Seon-Jin Chortos, Alex Dagdeviren, Canan Dauskardt, Reinhold H. Di, Chong-an Dickey, Michael D. Duan, Xiangfeng Facchetti, Antonio Fan, Zhiyong Fang, Yin Feng, Jianyou Feng, Xue Gao, Huajian Gao, Wei Gong, Xiwen Guo, Chuan Fei Guo, Xiaojun Hartel, Martin C. He, Zihan Ho, John S. Hu, Youfan Huang, Qiyao Huang, Yu Huo, Fengwei Hussain, Muhammad M. Javey, Ali Jeong, Unyong Jiang, Chen Jiang, Xingyu Kang, Jiheong Karnaushenko, Daniil Khademhosseini, Ali Kim, Dae-Hyeong Kim, Il-Doo Kireev, Dmitry Kong, Lingxuan Lee, Chengkuo Lee, Nae-Eung Lee, Pooi See Lee, Tae-Woo Li, Fengyu Li, Jinxing Liang, Cuiyuan Lim, Chwee Teck Lin, Yuanjing Lipomi, Darren J. Liu, Jia Liu, Kai Liu, Nan Liu, Ren Liu, Yuxin Liu, Yuxuan Liu, Zhiyuan Liu, Zhuangjian Loh, Xian Jun Lu, Nanshu Lv, Zhisheng Magdassi, Shlomo Malliaras, George G. Matsuhisa, Naoji Nathan, Arokia Niu, Simiao Pan, Jieming Pang, Changhyun Pei, Qibing Peng, Huisheng Qi, Dianpeng Ren, Huaying Rogers, John A. Rowe, Aaron Schmidt, Oliver G. Sekitani, Tsuyoshi Seo, Dae-Gyo Shen, Guozhen Sheng, Xing Shi, Qiongfeng Someya, Takao Song, Yanlin Stavrinidou, Eleni Su, Meng Sun, Xuemei Takei, Kuniharu Tao, Xiao-Ming Tee, Benjamin C. K. Thean, Aaron Voon-Yew Trung, Tran Quang Wan, Changjin Wang, Huiliang Wang, Joseph Wang, Ming Wang, Sihong Wang, Ting Wang, Zhong Lin Weiss, Paul S. Wen, Hanqi Xu, Sheng Xu, Tailin Yan, Hongping Yan, Xuzhou Yang, Hui Yang, Le Yang, Shuaijian Yin, Lan Yu, Cunjiang Yu, Guihua Yu, Jing Yu, Shu-Hong Yu, Xinge Zamburg, Evgeny Zhang, Haixia Zhang, Xiangyu Zhang, Xiaosheng Zhang, Xueji Zhang, Yihui Zhang, Yu Zhao, Siyuan Zhao, Xuanhe Zheng, Yuanjin Zheng, Yu-Qing Zheng, Zijian Zhou, Tao Zhu, Bowen Zhu, Ming Zhu, Rong Zhu, Yangzhi Zhu, Yong Zou, Guijin Chen, Xiaodong 08-03 Innovis Singapore 138634 Republic of Singapore Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX) School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Houston Houston Texas 77024 United States School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 United States Microelectronics Research Center The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78758 United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California NanoSystems Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 United States Colloid Chemistry Department Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14476 Potsdam Germany Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford California 94305 United States Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Campus Norrköping Linköping University 83 Linköping Sweden Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability (WISE) and Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC) SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford California 94301 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 United States Department of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 United States School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457 Singapore Nanobionics Group Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Monash University Clayton Australia 3800 Monash

Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze continued...challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative

关键词： soft materials mechanics engineering flexible electronics conformable sensors bioelectronics human-machine interfaces body area sensor networks technology translation sustainable electronics

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Synergetic effects of multiple junction and surface hydroxyl in Cu/CuO/Cu2O/TiO2 heterostructures towards highly efficient photocatalysts for hydrogen generation

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materials science for Energy Technologies 2025年 8卷 131-142页

作者： Subagyo, Riki Anindika, Garcelina Rizky Aufkani, Afif Akmal Zhang, Lei Ardhyananta, Hosta Burhan, R.Y. Perry Nugraheni, Zjahra Vianita Akhlus, Syafsir Bahruji, Hasliza Prasetyoko, Didik Wellia, Diana Vanda Ivansyah, Atthar Luqman Arramel Kusumawati, Yuly Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Analytic Data Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya60111 Indonesia Center of Excellence Applied Physics and Chemistry Nano Center Indonesia Jl PUSPIPTEK South Tangerang Banten15314 Indonesia Department of Physics National University of Singapore Singapore117551 Singapore Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya60111 Indonesia Centre of Advanced Material and Energy Science Universiti Brunei Darussalam Jalan Tungku Link BE 1410 Brunei Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Andalas Padang25163 Indonesia Master Program in Computational Science Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha No. 10 Bandung40132 Indonesia Instrumentation and Computational Physics Research Group Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha No.10 West Java Bandung40132 Indonesia

The implementation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a photocatalyst material in hydrogen (H2) evolution reaction (HER) has embarked renewed interest in the past decade. Rapid electron-hole pairs recombination and wide band gap of a photo-sensitive material of TiO2 are detrimental toward the targeted catalytical reaction. In this study, we present the rational design, fabrication, photocatalytic performance of TiO2-Cu/CuO/Cu2O heterostructures (CuTi) using viable chemical reduction method. The Z-scheme and S-scheme are succesfully generated across the TiO2/CuO/Cu2O interfaces, while the Schottky junction arises on the Cu perimeters. This is evidenced from the blue shifted about 0.3 eV of Cu 2p core level determined by using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), in combination with the formation of inverse V-shape of the Mott-Schottky plots. In addition, we find that Cu/CuO/Cu2O facilitates photon absorption range up to the visible region. The multiple heterojunction and the large number of OHsurface enhanced charge carrier transfer are associated to the suppression of photoluminescence (PL) intensity, high surface hydroxyl (OHsurface) density in CuTi probed by XPS, and fast electron transfer based on the electrochemical measurements. The presence of OHsurface inhibits the recombination of electron. A significant H2 photogeneration rate enhancement is achieved when an optimized 5 wt% Cu/CuO/Cu2O concentration is used on TiO2 to achieve 7,157.19 μmol·g−1 (1,789.30 μmol·g−1·h−1). Based on this finding, zero emission energy innitiative could be materialized under multiple heterojunctions in photocatalytic process is beneficial for enhancing the H2 production. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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Assessment of Simple Adhesive Substrates for Quantifying Microplastics

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Rieland, Julie M. Hu, Zeyuan Deese, Julian S. Love, Brian J. The University of Michigan United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering Macromolecular Science and Engineering Graduate Program

Microplastics are a growing environmental concern, with a large body of evidence documenting substantial distribution of plastic material in virtually all environmental compartments. Countermeasures that help to bind, aggregate, or coalesce these distributed particles might result in lower human and animal exposures. Pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) have been identified as a viable microplastic (MP) capture mechanism with a range of potential use conditions. As with any countermeasure, there is a need to evaluate potential solutions in terms of collection efficiency, cost, ease of installation, etc. Expanding on our previous work, spray-coated PSAs were investigated as submerged surfaces as tools to assess MP binding in aqueous dispersions. Resins containing two differing molecular weights of poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate) PSA (92k and 950k), and a 50:50 by weight mixture of the two resins were applied as spray-coated substrates to compare the effect of resin composition on MP-adhesive binding. Thin films of PSA (92k 6 ± 1 μm, 950k 4 ± 2 μm, 50:50 BD 6.5 ± 1 μm) were sprayed on borosilicate glass slides using a commercial air brush. Polydisperse nylon-12 particles varying in size from 15-30 µm in diameter were dispersed in deionized water at concentrations between 0.01 and 5 mg mL -1 and agitated under ambient conditions to assess adhesive binding as quantitative comparisons of microparticle capture. Mixed assays were also performed comparing binding of common MP species including polyethylene (50, 200 µm), polystyrene (10 µm), and polyester fibers (1000 µm) to understand how varying composition, size, and form factor affect adsorption. The glass slide method showed increasing linear trends of particle binding with increased adhesive exposure time and MP concentration. The lower molecular weight 92K adhesive had lower viscosity, higher wettability for microplastics but also led to a less stable adhesive film complicating analysis. As a field-deployable scheme for mi

关键词： Aggregates

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