The commercial exploitation of distributed computing technologies is slowly starting to become popular under the general area of cloud computing. These solutions allow selling and buying of resources (i.e., computing,...
详细信息
ISBN:
(数字)9783642156816
ISBN:
(纸本)9783642156809
The commercial exploitation of distributed computing technologies is slowly starting to become popular under the general area of cloud computing. These solutions allow selling and buying of resources (i.e., computing, network, software, and data resources) on demand. Existing solutions in this area are diverse, ranging from Infrastructure-- a-Service (IaaS) models via Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) to Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) models. Although the economics of these services is not yet fully understood and the interoperability between such services is still lacking, a common market for computing services is slowly developing. Such a market would allow buyers and sellers of computing services to trade their excess capacity or make available their capacity at a cost. However, it is still not p- sible for a market participant to act as a resource provider or seller, or trade based on the current level of demand. Another example of a developing open market is the emergence of Web2.0-based services. These enable consumers to create new services by aggregating services from multiple providers. The benefit of these solutions is that “value” can be created by combining services at different prices.
作者：
JOLLIFF, JAMES V.THE AUTHOR graduated from the Naval Academy in 1954. Following graduation
he served aboard USS SAMUEL N. MOORE (DD-747) as Engineering Officer and USS CIMARRON (AO 22) as First Lieutenant and Gunnery Officer. After a short tour as Ship Superintendent Long Beach Shipyard he attended Webb Institute of Naval Architecture for three years while studying Naval Construction and Engineering. After receipt of a Master of Science in Naval Architecture degree he was designated an Engineering Duty Officer (EDO) and assigned to duty at the Long Beach Naval Shipyard. While there he served in billets of Assistant Repair Superintendent and Assistant Planning and Estimating Superintendent and as such was primarily concerned with the repair and conversion of U. S. naval surface ships. After two years at Long Beach he was ordered to duty as Staff Maintenance Officer Commander Mine Force U. S. Pacific Fleet. He then served as an instructor in the Engineering Department of the U. S. Naval Academy during which time he was awarded an M. S. in Financial Management from George Washington University. He is currently studying in a PhD program at Catholic University Washington D. C.
作者：
FROSCH, ROBERT A.Robert A. Frosch was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research and Development on July 1
1966. In this capacity he is responsible for formulation and management of the Navy's Research Development Test and Evaluation program. In addition he is responsible for policy guidance of Navy work in Oceanography. In July 1966 he was designated Chairman of the Interagency Committee on Oceanography
which was reconstituted in July 1967 as the Interagency Committee on Marine Research Education and Facilities (ICMREF). This Committee reports directly to the National Council on Marine Resources and Engineering Development chaired by the Vice President. As Chairman of ICMREF Dr. Frosch has contributed to the national oceanographic program and to the Navy's role in ocean sciences and engineering. In November 1967 Dr. Frosch was Chairman of the United States Delegation to the Fifth Session of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission which met in Paris. Dr. Frosch entered Government service in 1963 when he joined the Department of Defense as Director of Nuclear Test Detection (Project VELA)
Advanced Research Projects Agency. In 1965 he became Deputy Director of the Advanced Research Projects Agency and remained in that position until becoming Assistant Secretary of the Navy. Prior to completing graduate work
Dr. Frosch joined Hudson Laboratories of Columbia University in 1951 as a scientist. He held various positions of increasing responsibility until appointed Director in 1956 which position he held until 1963. While at Hudson Laboratories he was involved in cooperative research with the Office of Naval Research on projects in underwater sound and related marine matters applicable to undersea warfare. He took part in various seagoing research projects. He served as a member of various anti-submarine warfare and oceanographic advisory committees to the Navy and to the Department of Defense. He has written numerous scientific and technical articles. In early 1966 Dr. Frosch received the Arthur S. Flemmin
The modes of Pacific decadal-scale variability (PDV), traditionally defined as statistical patterns of variance, reflect to first order the ocean's integration (i.e., reddening) of atmospheric forcing that ar...
The modes of Pacific decadal-scale variability (PDV), traditionally defined as statistical patterns of variance, reflect to first order the ocean's integration (i.e., reddening) of atmospheric forcing that arises from both a shift and a change in strength of the climatological (time-mean) atmospheric circulation. While these patterns concisely describe PDV, they do not distinguish among the key dynamical processes driving the evolution of PDV anomalies, including atmospheric and ocean teleconnections and coupled feedbacks with similar spatial structures that operate on different timescales. In this review, we synthesize past analysis using an empirical dynamical model constructed from monthly ocean surface anomalies drawn from several reanalysis products, showing that the PDV modes of variance result from two fundamental low-frequency dynamical eigenmodes: the North Pacific–central Pacific (NP-CP) and Kuroshio–Oyashio Extension (KOE) modes. Both eigenmodes highlight how two-way tropical–extratropical teleconnection dynamics are the primary mechanisms energizing and synchronizing the basin-scale footprint of PDV. While the NP-CP mode captures interannual- to decadal-scale variability, the KOE mode is linked to the basin-scale expression of PDV on decadal to multidecadal timescales, including contributions from the South Pacific.
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