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Evaluating the Adhesive Properties of Electroless Cu on Glass-reinforced Epoxy-based Build-up Dielectric Films via Nanoindentation

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IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing technology 2025年第6期15卷 1344-1350页

作者： Kang, Yeojin Park, Wonjung Yoo, Dayoung Won, Kyung-Ah Lee, Seung-Gun Kim, Jong-Man Kim, Yangdo Lee, Dongyun Pusan National University Department of Nano Fusion Technology Busan46241 Korea Republic of Korea Institute of Science and Technology Institute of Advanced Composite Materials Jeollabuk-do 55324 Korea Republic of LG Innotek E1/E3 30 Magokjungang 10-ro Gangseo-gu Seoul07796 Korea Republic of Korea Institute of Materials Science Department of Hydrogen Materials Evaluation Gyeongsangnam-do 51508 Korea Republic of Pusan National University Department of Nanoenergy Engineering Research Center of Energy Convergence Technology Busan46241 Korea Republic of Pusan National University School of Materials Science and Engineering Busan46241 Korea Republic of

This study investigates the adhesion properties of electroless copper (Cu) plated on glass-reinforced epoxy-based build-up films (Ajinomoto Build-up Film, ABF) using nanoindentation techniques. The adhesion strength was quantified through critical load measurements in scratch tests, revealing critical loads of approximately 19.7 mN for chemical-U and 13.3 mN for chemical-A, corresponding to adhesion strengths of 0.46 kgf/cm and 0.16 kgf/cm, respectively. Microscopic analysis confirmed uniform copper distribution at the interface within the first minute of deposition, with notable differences in mechanical properties between the two plating chemicals. The study highlights the importance of epoxy exposure control via the desmear process, which significantly enhances ABF/Cu adhesion by expanding the contact area. Additionally, the role of the pegging effect and chemical bonding (C-O bond formation) in improving adhesion is emphasized. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing the interfacial adhesion of ABF/Cu systems for advanced microelectronic applications. © 2011-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Bond strength (chemical)

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Unlocking Nature's Defense: Purification of Chitinase from Bacillus Haynesii

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Govindaraj, Vishnupriya Kim, Se-Kwon Raval, Ritu Raval, Keyur Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Mangalore Karnataka Surathkal575025 India Department of Marine Science & Convergence Engineering College of Science & Technology Hanyang University Erica Campus Ansan11558 Korea Republic of Department of Biotechnology Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal Academy of Higher Education Karnataka Manipal576104 India

The development of chitinase tailored for the bioconversion of chitin to chitin oligosaccharides has garnered considerable interest owing to its potential to mitigate environmental pollution associated with chemical conversion processes. In this current investigation, we purified extracellular chitinase derived from marine Bacillus haynesii to homogeneity and subsequently characterized it. The molecular weight of BhChi was approximately 35 kDa. BhChi exhibited its peak catalytic activity at pH 6.0, with an optimal temperature of 37 °C. It exhibited robust stability across a pH range of 6.0 to 9.0. Additionally, BhChi showed activation in the presence of Mn2+ 105 U mL-1. Ca2+ and Fe2+ metal ions don’t have any significant impact on enzyme activity. Chitinase exhibited best catalytic activity on colloidal chitin with Km 0.01 mg mL-1 and Vmax 5.75 mmol min-1. Kcat and catalytic efficiency were 1.91 s-1 and 191 mL mg-1 s-1 respectively. The main products of BhChi on colloidal chitin was N-Acetyl glucosamine suggesting it an exochitinase with β-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity. This is the first report on an exochitinase with N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activity from Bacillus haynesii. Furthermore, the chitinase showcased promising antifungal properties against key pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium chyrosogenum reinforcing its potential as a potent biocontrol agent. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Chitin

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Enhancing the economic feasibility of vaterite production using calcium hydroxide in pH-swing processes

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Scientific Reports 2025年第1期15卷 1-11页

作者： Jo, Won Kim, Myoung-Jin Department of Convergence Study on the Ocean Science and Technology Korea Maritime and Ocean University Busan 49112 South Korea Department of Environmental Engineering Korea Maritime and Ocean University Busan 49112 South Korea Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering Korea Maritime and Ocean University Busan 49112 South Korea

The challenge of cost-effective and efficient indirect carbonation processes is significant. This study aimed to address the limitations associated with alkaline additives, which are among the primary factors negatively affecting the economic viability of the indirect carbonation process. Specifically, we evaluated the feasibility of replacing NaOH, a commonly used alkaline additive, with Ca(OH)₂, a more cost-effective and safer alternative. Particular emphasis was placed on the potential production of fine-particle vaterite CaCO₃, which, despite its high industrial applicability, poses production challenges owing to its inherent instability. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of using Ca(OH)₂, with and without sucrose, on the production yield, morphology, particle size, and purity of CaCO₃, in comparison to NaOH. Despite the low solubility of Ca(OH)₂, its combination with sucrose effectively stabilized pH levels and significantly enhanced CaCO₃ yields. The addition of sucrose further increased supersaturation, aiding vaterite formation. Using Ca(OH)₂ with sucrose resulted in a vaterite content exceeding 95%, similar to that achieved with NaOH. A cost analysis revealed that producing vaterite-type CaCO₃ using Ca(OH)₂ combined with sucrose required only 53% of the cost associated with NaOH, demonstrating its superior economic feasibility. These findings establish Ca(OH)₂, particularly in combination with sucrose, as a viable alternative to NaOH in the pH swing process, providing cost savings, improved safety, and high-purity vaterite-type CaCO₃ suitable for various industrial applications. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Alkaline agent Calcium hydroxide Indirect carbonation pH-swing Sucrose Vaterite

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Analysis of the idealized steel pipe under internal explosive loading: Comparison between FE approach and laboratory experiment

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Procedia Structural Integrity 2023年 47卷 150-158页

作者： M. Iqbal Maulana Aditya Rio Prabowo Teguh Muttaqie Nurul Muhayat D. Danardono Dwi Prija Tjahjana Quang Thang Do Jung Min Sohn Haris Nubli Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta 57126 Indonesia Research Center for Hydrodynamics Technology National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Surabaya 60117 Indonesia Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Nha Trang University Nha Trang 650000 Vietnam Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Systems Engineering Pukyong National University Busan 48513 South Korea Department of Marine Design Convergence Engineering Pukyong National University Busan 48513 South Korea

Accidental event is unavoidably dangerous if no countermeasure or forecast is provided as a reliable reference to design a mitigation or evacuation plan. Besides external loading, accidental loading, e.g., explosion may occur inside an engineering object. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a series of analysis to predict the structural behaviors subjected to internal explosion. A numerical investigation of the performance of pressure vessels against explosive loads is presented in this paper in order to reduce the impact of an explosion which has the potential to cause major damage to structural elements. An open-pressure steel pipe with an outer diameter of 324 mm and a thickness of 9.5 mm is given an internal explosive load in the middle of the pressure steel to determine the failure mechanism of the pipe under very high loading levels. Johnson–Cook modeling is suitable for numerical simulation of compressed steel strength testing. This study was designed and tested using finite element analysis on ABAQUS/Explicit.

关键词： pressure vessels explosive loading Johnson-Cook finite element method

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Superior Storage and Controlled Release of Oxygen by Solid Clathrates under Ambient Conditions

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ACS nano 2025年第24期19卷 2025 Jun 10页

作者： Chang Yeop Oh Sol Geo Lim Hye Rim Choi Donghyun Moon Chiho Sung Jung-Yeul Jung Jeasung Park Jong-Won Lee Minjun Cha Ji-Ho Yoon Department of Energy and Resources Engineering Korea Maritime and Ocean University Busan 49112 Korea. Department of Convergence Study on Ocean Science and Technology Ocean Science and Technology (OST) School Korea Maritime and Ocean University Busan 49112 Korea. Maritime Safety and Environment Research Center Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering Daejeon 34103 Korea. Low-Carbon Transition R&D Department Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH) Cheonan Chungnam 31056 Korea. Department of Environmental Engineering Kongju National University Cheonan Chungnam 31080 Korea. Department of Energy and Resources Engineering Kangwon National University Chuncheon Kangwon 24341 Korea.

A concentrated O supply is essential in medical systems, submarines, aircraft, and in space technology. However, it remains challenging to discover solid materials for O storage, particularly those that offer structural stability and O-capturing characteristics under ambient conditions. Here, we report solid hydroquinone clathrate crystals encapsulating O molecules, potentially allowing long-term storage and recycling at room temperature and ambient pressure. Through comprehensive structural analyses, molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations, we identify an energetically favorable and cooperative ordering of host and guest molecules to build hydrogen-bonded organic clathrate frameworks from amorphous morphology. Hydroquinone clathrate has a capacity of 2.45 mmol g for O storage at 1 bar and 298 K, far exceeding the capabilities of earlier porous nanostructured materials. In both as-synthesized powder and pellet forms, this hydroquinone clathrate fully retains its O storage performance for a long time over 100 days. The controlled release of O from hydroquinone clathrate pellets can be tuned simply by temperature variations with excellent cycling stability, showing no loss of the O uptake after repeated cycles.

关键词： cage occupancy clathrate controlled release host−guest interaction oxygen storage

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Characteristics of Red Emitting Boron Nitride Nanoparticles

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Jung, Jae Yong Hong, Woo Tae Park, Jin Young Kim, Young-Kuk Yang, Hyun Kyoung Marine-Bionics convergence technology center Pukyong National University Busan48513 Korea Republic of Department of Electrical Electronics and Software Engineering Pukyong National University Busan48513 Korea Republic of Powder & Ceramics Division Korea Institute of Materials Science 797 Changwondaero Changwon51508 Korea Republic of

Boron nitride (BN) was synthesized by pyrolysis of a molecular precursor prepared by chemical mixing of boric acid (H3BO3) and melamine (C3H6N6) with a small amount of europium nitrate (Eu3+) as luminescent materials. After pyrolysis, the Eu3+ ions were substitutionally incorporated into a B3N3 hexagonal layer of turbostratic BN (t-BN) at a low doping level estimated to be less than 12×1018 atoms/cm3. This phenomenon is due to a randomly stacked turbostratic structure rather than a perfectly stacked hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) structure along the c-axis. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of pure BN was detected at 456 nm (blue), and Eu3+-doped BN was detected at 590, 614, 648, and 696 nm (red) by excitation of UV light (λ = 314 nm). The PL intensity improved as the level of Eu3+ addition was increased. However, excessive doping caused the disappearance of the luminescent properties due to the concentration quenching phenomenon. When the synthesized nanoparticle BN phosphor was mixed with a polymer to form a flexible composite, it was shown that it could be applied as a filter to UV-LED. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photoluminescence

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Extremely-Low Electrical-Hysteresis Hydrogels for Multifunctional Wearable Sensors and Osmotic Power Generators

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Entifar, Siti Aisyah Nurmaulia Entifar, Nisa Aqilla Ellenahaya Wibowo, Anky Fitrian Kim, Jung Ha br Sembiring, Yulia Shara Saputro, Jonatan Martino Windi Xie, Guohua Pham, Van Hiep Kim, Soyeon Lim, Dong Chan Moon, Myoung-Woon Kim, Min-Seok Kim, Yong Hyun Oh, Junghwan Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering Pukyong National University Busan48513 Korea Republic of Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering Pukyong National University Busan48513 Korea Republic of Changwon51508 Korea Republic of Advanced Materials Research Division Extreme Materials Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul02792 Korea Republic of School of Electrical Engineering Pukyong National University Busan48513 Korea Republic of Pukyong National University Korea Republic of Wuhan University China

In this study, a highly stretchable and conductive hydrogel film, composed of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS,) was developed for application in wearable sensors, machine learning-based activity recognition, and hydrovoltaic energy generation. The optimized hydrogel exhibited a tensile strength of 0.391 MPa, elongation at break of 303.8%, toughness of 0.525 MJ/m3, conductivity of 2.04 S/m, and low electrical hysteresis of 0.101% at 50% strain. With a gauge factor of 1.034, the hydrogel accurately sensed human motions and achieved 100% accuracy in classifying movements using machine learning. In hydrovoltaic applications, 16 films connected in series generated 2.004 V, powering a light-emitting diode lamp. These results highlight the potential of the CMC-PVA-PEDOT:PSS-based hydrogel for next-generation wearable electronics and sustainable energy systems. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cellulose films

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Multi-Agent Collaboration Mechanisms: A Survey of LLMs

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Tran, Khanh-Tung Dao, Dung Nguyen, Minh-Duong Pham, Quoc-Viet O’Sullivan, Barry Nguyen, Hoang D. School of Computer Science and Information Technology University College Cork Cork Ireland Department of Information Convergence Engineering Pusan National University Busan Korea Republic of School of Computer Science and Statistics Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 D02PN40 Ireland

With recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs), Agentic AI has become phenomenal in real-world applications, moving toward multiple LLM-based agents to perceive, learn, reason, and act collaboratively. These LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems (MASs) enable groups of intelligent agents to coordinate and solve complex tasks collectively at scale, transitioning from isolated models to collaboration-centric approaches. This work provides an extensive survey of the collaborative aspect of MASs and introduces an extensible framework to guide future research. Our framework characterizes collaboration mechanisms based on key dimensions: actors (agents involved), types (e.g., cooperation, competition, or coopetition), structures (e.g., peer-to-peer, centralized, or distributed), strategies (e.g., role-based or model-based), and coordination protocols. Through a review of existing methodologies, our findings serve as a foundation for demystifying and advancing LLM-based MASs toward more intelligent and collaborative solutions for complex, real-world use cases. In addition, various applications of MASs across diverse domains, including 5G/6G networks, Industry 5.0, question answering, and social and cultural settings, are also investigated, demonstrating their wider adoption and broader impacts. Finally, we identify key lessons learned, open challenges, and potential research directions of MASs towards artificial collective intelligence. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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Finite Element Analysis of Induction Heating of 06ni9dr Steel Based on Electromagnetic Thermal Coupling

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Wu, Baigong Zhou, Zhenhu Liang, Darong Zhang, Xiao Zhou, Weipeng Marine Equipment and Technology Institute Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Jiangsu Province Zhenjiang212003 China School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Jiangsu Province Zhenjiang212003 China School of Energy and Power Engineering Changchun Institute of Technology Changchun Jilin130012 China ZhenJiang Intelligent Convergence Marine Technology Co. Ltd Jiangsu Province Zhenjiang212003 China

The primary material used to construct LNG carriers is 06Ni9DR, which exhibits nonlinear variations in physical properties with temperature. Traditional pyrotechnics pollute the environment and are dangerous to the workers, and their ability to fix thin plates is highly dependent on the experience of the employees. The investigation of the electromagnetic induction heating properties for this material is therefore crucial for the heat treatment process involved in building LNG *** work develops a numerical calculation model for the T-shaped coil-based electromagnetic induction heating of 06Ni9DR steel plate. Conduct an investigation of the electric, magnetic, and thermal multi-physics couplings using the COMSOL Multi-physics finite element programme. The distribution of the temperature field during induction heating was calculated in accordance with the parameters of various current intensity, current frequency, magnetizer thickness, air gap, and T-shaped coil distance in the heating process, and an experimental platform was built to verify the accuracy of the numerical calculation of the model, demonstrating that electromagnetic heating can entirely replace conventional pyrotechnics. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Multiphysics

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In-situ electrical resistance monitoring of vanadium oxide reduction

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Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2025年 1029卷

作者： Son, Yeongjun Song, Sehwan Lee, Dooyong Han, Seonghoon Lee, Jisung Kwon, Seyoung Jeon, Jinho Bae, Jong-Seong Kim, Hyun Ho Kang, Haeyong Park, Sungkyun Department of Physics Pusan National University Busan46241 Korea Republic of Department of Physics Education Kyungpook National University Daegu41566 Korea Republic of Center for Scientific Instrumentation Korea Basic Science Institute Daejeon34133 Korea Republic of Yeongnam Regional Center Korea Basic Science Institute Busan46742 Korea Republic of Department of Energy Engineering Convergence & School of Materials Science and Engineering Kumoh National Institute of Technology Gumi39177 Korea Republic of Nuclear Science Research Institute Pusan National University Busan46241 Korea Republic of Research Center for Dielectric and Advanced Matter Physics Pusan National University Busan46241 Korea Republic of

The reduction process of vanadium oxide was monitored by measuring its in-situ electrical resistance. V2O5 films deposited on c-Al2O3 were annealed in a hydrogen environment and exhibited a sharp decrease in resistance at ∼350 °C, followed by a slight increase at ∼460 °C. Subsequent analyses confirmed that the noticeable resistance changes during the annealing process could be attributed to the reduced vanadium oxidation states. These results indicate that the variations in the resistance of the vanadium oxide films are directly related to the changes in their oxidation states. Therefore, in-situ electrical measurements can provide insights into the changes in the chemical state of vanadium oxide. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Phase measurement

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