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Enhancing Condensate Production by 29%, Through Thermal Gas Injection from a Retrograde Gas Condensate Reservoir - With an Operational Case study in the Western Desert of Egypt

Enhancing Condensate Production by 29%, Through Thermal Gas ...

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2024 sPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference, IOR 2024

作者： Taha, Maged Alaa shokier, Eissa Attia, Attia Yahia, Aamer Mansour, Khaled Abdelkhalek, Dina Medhat KPC Apache Corp. JV Gas Production Master's Program Cairo University Egypt Dean of Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering The British University Egypt Apache Corp. Egypt Schlumberger Egypt Bapetco Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025245

In retrograde gas condensate reservoirs, the accumulation of liquid from natural gas below the dew-point pressure leads to condensate blockage, a significant issue in reservoir damage. Although most of this liquid doesn't reach the level required for production, it hinders the flow of natural gas, affecting its production. This study focuses on the impact of gas injection methods (like methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen) and high-temperature steam on an Egyptian retrograde gas condensate reservoir. Various scenarios were tested, involving different temperatures, enthalpy levels, types of injection gases (CO2, N2, CH4), and injection rates. The findings revealed that neither conventional nor thermal gas injection methods significantly increased cumulative gas production compared to simply depleting the reservoir. However, non-thermal gas injection methods boosted cumulative condensate production by 8.6%. Notably, thermal CO2 injection showed a substantial increase, enhancing condensate production by 28.9%. The study found that thermal gas injection does not vaporize condensate more effectively than conventional injection methods under similar reservoir pressure trends. Instead, the primary benefit of thermal injection is in enhancing condensate mobility. Therefore, thermal injection is most suitable for depleted retrograde reservoirs, where a significant amount of non-producible liquid has already accumulated. The research also explored the operational aspects of implementing thermal gas injection in retrograde gas condensate reservoirs. This includes considerations for carbon dioxide recovery units, compressors, storage tanks, corrosion-resistant pipelines and tubing strings, as well as corrosion inhibitors and downhole gas heaters. Copyright © 2024, society of Petroleum Engineers.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Nitrogen subsidies to pelagic food webs through profundal methane-oxidising bacteria in oligotrophic fresh water

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Freshwater Biology 2024年第5期69卷 679-691页

作者： dela Paz, Erica silk P. Okuda, Noboru Ho, Pei-Chi Lin, Fan-sian Hsieh, Chih-hao Lai, Chao-Chen Fujibayash, Megumu shiah, Fuh-Kwo Ko, Chia-Ying Institute of Fisheries Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Microalgal Systematics and Phycology Research Unit Center for Natural Science and Environmental Research De La Salle University Manila Philippines Department of Biology College of Science De La Salle University Manila Philippines Research Center for Humanity and Nature Kyoto Japan Research Center for Inland Seas Graduate School of Science Kobe University Kobe Japan Institute of Oceanography National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Research Center for Environmental Changes Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Instituted of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology & Master's Program in Biodiversity National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Science Education National Taipei University of Education Taipei Taiwan Faculty of Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka City Japan

Nutrient subsidy of methane-oxidising bacteria (MOB), an alternative basal resource, to plankton communities through pelagic-benthic coupling is expected to alter carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios and biomass of zooplankton, and affect biological processes in aquatic food webs. Previous studies indicate that most MOB nutrient subsidies to zooplankton are focused largely on C subsidies;nevertheless, considering that N is important to zooplankton and phytoplankton growth, a better understanding of MOB N subsidies to plankton communities is needed. We examined changes in nutrients, phytoplankton mass-specific productivity, MOB reliance, C/N ratios and biomass of zooplankton between summer stratification and winter mixing periods based on in situ investigation in a subtropical deep oligotrophic freshwater ecosystem during 2010–2014. The results revealed that with increasing reliance on MOB during the winter mixing period, zooplankton C/N ratios decreased and had a significantly nonlinearly inverse relationship with zooplankton biomass. The negative relationship between zooplankton biomass and phytoplankton mass-specific productivity was further observed in synchronous time. The profundal MOB enhanced pelagic-profundal coupling and served as an alternative N support for pelagic plankton food webs during the winter and/or less productive seasons, adding to greater understanding of the role of methanotrophs in aquatic food webs. © 2024 John Wiley & sons Ltd.

关键词： freshwater methane-oxidising bacteria nutrient subsidy phytoplankton zooplankton

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study on synthesis and structural characterization of ZnO-doped g-C3N4materials for treatment of ciprofloxacin antibiotic in water 7

Study on synthesis and structural characterization of ZnO-do...

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7th International scientific Conference on Applying New Technology in Green Buildings, ATiGB 2022

作者： Ha, Tran Thi Viet Viet, Nguyen Minh Tri, Nguyen Le Minh VNU Vietnam Japan University Master's Program in Environmental Engineering Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Engineering Hanoi Viet Nam VNU University of Science Faculty of Chemistry VNU Key Laboratory of Advanced Material for Green Growth Hanoi Viet Nam Advanced Institute of Materials Science Ton Duc Thang University Laboratory of Advanced Materials Chemistry Faculty of Applied Sciences Ho Chi Minh city Viet Nam

ISBN: (数字)9781665472852

ISBN: (纸本)9781665472852

Recently, the overuse and misuse of antibiotics are key factors leading to many negative problems to human and environment. Therefore, the removal for the antibiotics is very necessary, and photocatalysis is a highly efficient and environmentally friendly treatment method. Graphite carbon nitride (\mathrm{g}-\mathrm{C}_{3}\mathrm{N}_{4}) is an organic semiconductor, researched to create a 'new-generation' photocatalytic material system by hybridization with semiconductors such as TiO2 and ZnO, which offers potential energy in the decomposition of organic compounds using the energy of visible light. In this study, ZnO/g-C3N4 materials were synthesized and characterized by advanced techniques, then apply for ciprofloxacin antibiotic (CIP) treatment. The CIP degradation efficiency of the material reached 84.36% and after three times the material was regenerated, ZnO/g-C3N4 composite still showed excellent degradation ability. Therefore, ZnO/g-C3N4 materials can be applied in environmental remediation and many other fields. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Antibiotics

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Erosion and Distribution of Total suspended sediment (Tss) Using Landsat-8 in Krueng Pase Watershed 1

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2nd International Conference of Construction, Infrastructure, and Materials, ICCIM 2021

作者： Ramli, Ichwana Achmad, Ashfa Basri, Hairul Izzaty, Atika Agricultural Engineering Department Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh23111 Indonesia Architecture and Planning Department Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh23111 Indonesia Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh23111 Indonesia Geomatics Engineering Department Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya60111 Indonesia Research Center for Environmental and Natural Resources Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh23111 Indonesia Department of Environmental Master’s Program Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh23111 Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9789811679490

ISBN: (纸本)9789811679483

Damage and loss of land resources due to improper land management tend to increase erosion. It will affect the production, ecological, and hydrological functions in the upstream watershed area. However, sedimentation that occurs due to erosion often affects the practical life of the dams. The purpose of this research is to estimate erosion and the distribution of Total suspended sediments (Tss) geospatially from Landsat-8 imagery data in 2015 and 2019 for Krueng Pase Watershed. The considerable erosion that occurred in 2014 was 117,987.71 tons. While the erosion that occurred in January 2015 was 18,624.45 tons, and the erosion in August 2019 was 6,672.06 tons. The results of the Tss distribution using algorithms in 2015 obtained the largest total suspended sediment with a value >17.15 mg/l found on the coastal, riverbanks and the smallest Tss with a value of ≤12.73 mg/l found on the upstream area. The Tss were found on the coastal with a value of >16.05 mg/l, and the smallest Tss >12.92 mg/l found on the upstream area in 2019. Information on the distribution of total sediment is a consideration in the application of the eco-hydrology concept as a short-term solution in water management. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to springer Nature singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Landsat

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environmental health risks and impacts of PM2.5sub> exposure on human health in residential areas, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

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Toxicology Reports 2025年 14卷 101949页

作者： Abidin, Azham Umar Munawaroh, Anisful Lailil Rosinta, Aulia sulistiyani, Arvi Tri Ardianta, Iwan Iresha, Fajri Mulya Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning Universitas Islam Indonesia Indonesia Department of Information and Medical Service Vocational School Applied Master's Program in Occupational Health and Safety Universitas Gadjah Mada Indonesia Department of Community Family and Occupational Medicine Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University Thailand Faculty of Medicine Universitas Islam Indonesia Indonesia Laboratory of Air Quality Department of Environmental Engineering Universitas Islam Indonesia Indonesia Laboratory of Solid and Hazardous Wastes Department of Environmental Engineering Universitas Islam Indonesia Indonesia

Air pollution, particularly PM2.5, significantly impacts public health in developing areas. This study evaluates PM2.5 exposure among residents and conducts a health risk assessment within the human community in Bantu... 详细信息

Air pollution, particularly PM2.5sub>, significantly impacts public health in developing areas. This study evaluates PM2.5sub> exposure among residents and conducts a health risk assessment within the human community in Bantul Regency, Indonesia, utilizing a high-volume air sampler (HVAs) over 24 h in a residential area and interviewing 36 respondents. The findings of this study show that PM2.5sub> concentrations varied from 50.7 to 61.9 μg/m³, exceeding the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQs) of 35 μg/m³. The risk hazard quotient (RQ) values of PM2.5sub> were greater than 1, signifying considerable health risk. Epidemiological statistical analysis indicates a significant correlation (p-value < 0.05) between PM2.5sub> exposure, health complaints, and respondent characteristics. Residents report health issues including cough, headache, eye irritation, breathlessness, and wheezing. The findings emphasize the imperative for more rigorous air quality standards and regulations, enhanced public awareness and education regarding preventive practices, and urban planning development strategies incorporating green infrastructure. These measures are crucial for alleviating health hazards and enhancing air quality in impacted areas. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： environmental health health impact health risk assessment PM2.5 exposure

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Understanding ADC variation by fat content effect using a dual-function MRI phantom

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European Radiology Experimental 2024年第1期8卷 19页

作者： Liu, Yi-Jui Tsai, Tung-sheng Li, Ya-Hui Peng, Jo-Hua Chang, Hing-Chiu Peng, Hsu-Hsia Lee, Ying-Chieh Lee, Tung-Yang Liou, Chang-Hsien Lin, Tz-Feng Chew, Fatt-Yang Chou, Ruey-Hwang Juan, Chun-Jung Department of Automatic Control Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Electrical and Communication Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital 199 Sec. 1 Xinglong Rd. Hsinchu County Zhubei City 302 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Master’s Program of Biomedical Informatics and Biomedical Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Cheng Ching Hospital Taichung Taiwan Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Fiber and Composite Materials Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Radiology School of Medicine China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences China Medical University Taichung 406 Taiwan Center for Molecular Medicine China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology Asia University Taichung Taiwan

Background: A dual-function phantom designed to quantify the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in different fat contents (FCs) and glass bead densities (GBDs) to simulate the human tissues has not been documented yet. We propose a dual-function phantom to quantify the FC and to measure the ADC at different FCs and different GBDs. Methods: A fat-containing diffusion phantom comprised by 30 glass-bead-containing fat-water emulsions consisting of six different FCs (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%) multiplied by five different GBDs (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 g/50 mL). The FC and ADC were measured by the “iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least squares estimation-IQ,” IDEAL-IQ, and single-shot echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging, ss-EP-DWI, sequences, respectively. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship among the fat fraction (FF) measured by IDEAL-IQ, GBD, and ADC. Results: The ADC was significantly, negatively, and linearly associated with the FF (the linear slope ranged from -0.005 to -0.017, R2sup> = 0.925 to 0.986, all p < 0.001). The slope of the linear relationship between the ADC and the FF, however, varied among different GBDs (the higher the GBD, the lower the slope). ADCs among emulsions across different GBDs and FFs were overlapped. Emulsions with low GBDs plus high FFs shared a same lower ADC range with those with median or high GBDs plus median or lower FFs. Conclusions: A novel dual-function phantom simulating the human tissues allowed to quantify the influence of FC and GBD on ADC. Relevance statement: The study developed an innovative dual-function MRI phantom to explore the impact of FC on ADC variation that can affect clinical results. The results revealed the superimposed effect on FF and GBD density on ADC measurements. Key points: • A dual-function phantom made of glass bead density (GBD) and fat fraction (FF) emulsion has been developed. • Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values

关键词： Adipose tissue Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging Phantoms (imaging) Quality assurance (healthcare) Quality control

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Ecological implications of twentieth century reforestation programs for the urban forests of são Paulo, Brazil: a study based on litterfall and nutrient cycling

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 367-379页

作者： Maurício Lamano Ferreira Marcelo Ferreira Barbosa Eduardo Pereira Cabral Gomes Ana Paula Branco do Nascimento Edgar Fernando de Luca Karina Gonçalves da silva Ulisses Bezerra França Plínio Barbosa de Camargo Raffaele Lafortezza Master’s Program in Health Promotion Adventist University of São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil. Master’s Program in Geoenvironmental Analysis University of GuarulhosGuarulhosSPBrazil. Department of Health Faculty of Biological ScienceUniversity Nove de Julho(UNINOVE)São PauloSPBrazil. Institute of Botany(IBT/SP) São PauloSPBrazil. Department of Civil Engineering São Judas Tadeu UniversitySão PauloSPBrazil. Institute of Forestry(IF/SP) São PauloSPBrazil. Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura(CENA/USP) University of São PauloPiracicabaSPBrazil. Prefeitura da cidade de São Paulo(Secretaria do Verde e Meio Ambiente) São PauloSPBrazil Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences University of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly. Department of Geography The University of Hong KongCentennial CampusPokfulam RoadHong KongHong Kong.

The focus of this study was to investigate the wide use of Eucalyptus spp.,an exotic plant with high allelopathic ability,in the reforestation programs of urban parks in são Paulo City,Brazil,over the last *** understand the implications of using Eucalyptus *** the city’s parks,this study aimed to compare nutrient cycling and litter decomposition between a mixed composition of litter(i.e.,native and exotic species)and the litter of a single species(i.e.,Eucalyptus).To accomplish this,newly deciduous leaves were collected from two native and two exotic species that are commonly used in the afforestation of são Paulo as well as from Eucalyptus *** mixed composition of litter yielded a higher dry mass loss and return of macro-and micronutrients to the forest *** decomposition constant(k)values were 0.00322 and 0.00207 g g^(−1) day^(−1) for the mixed composition and Eucalyptus spp.,*** time required for decomposition of 50 and 95%of deciduous material was 215 and 931 days,respectively,and for the mixed litterfall 334 and 1449 days,respectively,for Eucalyptus ***,the mixed litter exhibited greater dry mass loss and nutrient cycling in an urban forest of são Paulo City,since dry mass losses as well as speed and amount of nutrients returned to the forest floor were relatively higher compared to Eucalyptus *** cycling via Eucalyptus *** was less efficient than mixed composition of litter,demonstrating that reforestation programs carried out in the twentieth century using only one species may have had little *** results of this work emphasize the fact that in urban reforestation programs the City of são Paulo must consider the environmental and biogeographic characteristics of the species employed and use high levels of biodiversity,since the city lies in a megadiverse biome.

关键词： Tropical forest Exotic species Nutrient dynamics Ecosystem functioning

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Heat stress in landfill environments: Evaluating worker exposure and occupational risks

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

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Case studies in Chemical and environmental engineering 2025年 11卷

作者： Abidin, Azham Umar Munawaroh, Anisful Lailil Rosinta, Aulia sulistiyani, Arvi Tri Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning Universitas Islam Indonesia Indonesia Department of Information and Medical Service Vocational School Applied Master's Program in Occupational Health and Safety Universitas Gadjah Mada Indonesia Department of Community Family and Occupational Medicine Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University Thailand Faculty of Medicine Universitas Islam Indonesia Indonesia

Heat stress is a notable occupational health hazard, particularly because global climate change intensified environmental heat exposure. Workers in high-temperature environments, such as landfill sites, encounter significant health risks associated with heat stress, including dehydration, excessive sweating, fatigue, headaches, and potentially more severe conditions. This study examined landfill workers in Yogyakarta, where outdoor conditions increased their susceptibility to heat-related hazards. This study aimed to quantify heat stress in landfill operations via objective data analysis, which refers to the quantitative assessment of environmental heat conditions using the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index, with the goal of informing practical interventions and improving worker health and safety protocols. This cross-sectional study, a type of observational research design, examined data collected at specific points in time. This study involved 39 landfill workers, with WBGT measurements collected at 25 sampling locations in the morning, daylight, and afternoon. This study evaluated the risk of heat stress at various times of the day using WBGT values. The results demonstrated notable fluctuations in WBGT, with peak levels occurring in daylight, consequently increasing the risk of heat stress. Age and body weight are significant factors because older individuals and those with increased body mass exhibit heightened susceptibility to heat retention. statistical analysis revealed significant differences in WBGT measurements between morning and daylight and between daylight and afternoon (p < 0.001). These findings highlight the necessity for timely monitoring and management strategies to reduce heat stress risk, especially during daylight hours. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Climate change Heat stress Occupational health Wet bulb globe temperature Workers

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Fate and spatial distribution of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in the water column and in the surface sediment of Indonesian Estuary (Citarum River Estuary) 6

Fate and spatial distribution of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in the wa...

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6th environmental Technology and Management Conference, ETMC 2019

作者： Fahimah, Nurul Oginawati, Katharina suharyanto, s. Master's Program of Environmental Engineering Department Institute Technology Bandung Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Bandung Indonesia Environmental Management Technology Research Group Environmental Engineering Department Institute Technology Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung Indonesia

The Citarum River Estuary is an area where mixing among seawater and freshwater occurs since directly connected with the Java sea. The different condition in estuary will affect heavy metal concentrations in the dissolved phase and suspended/deposited in sediment phase. In this study, fates and distributions from Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn were analyzed along 2 km from estuary mouth. samples were analyzed by Flame AAs. The study began with water/sediment quality assessments, and fate and distribution analyses with Adsorption Capacity Indices (ACI), Dissolved Transport Indice (DTI), Koc, Kow, spatial distribution in water (3D) and sediment (2D) using MATLAB, and statistical analysis (ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis). In conclusion, heavy metals sequence from the highest pollution level in water were: Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd, and in sediment were: Cd > Pb > Zn > Cu. Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn had a tendency to be in sediment compared to water (ACI = 99.69% - 99.89%;DTI = 0.109% - 0.309%), slightly mobile (log Koc = 3.11 - 3.58), and hydrophobic (log Kow = 3.35 - 3.87). Pb and Cd showed significantly different concentrations in water columns (surface/midst/base) (p © 2020 The Authors, published by EDP sciences.

关键词： Estuaries

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Chronic Effect Analysis of Mercury Exposure on Communities Around small scale Gold Mining in Indonesia Using Human Biomonitoring (HBM) Method 6

Chronic Effect Analysis of Mercury Exposure on Communities A...

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6th environmental Technology and Management Conference, ETMC 2019

作者： Mubiarto, Haryo Dwi Ariesyady, Herto Widya Dewi Kusumah, siska soemirat, Juli Master's Program of Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung40132 Indonesia Environmental Management Technology Research Group Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung40132 Indonesia

In general, small-scale gold mining activities that are spread throughout Indonesia practicing amalgamation technique. The amalgamation process in the mining activities can result in environmental degradation due to tailing waste containing mercury that are discharged into the environment and will distributed and bioaccumulated through food chain. Mercury exposure to human can give a chronic effect. Measuring mercury concentration in biomarkers such as nail and hair is a method to indicate the mercury poisoning level. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze mercury concentrations in nail and hair as chronic exposure biomarkers. Besides, we also conducted Human Biomonitoring (HBM) analysis to assess mercury intoxication in the communities. Moreover, we analyzed mercury concentrations in water, rice, fish, and food crops samples to understand their association with mercury concentrations in nail and hair through a Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) analysis. This research was conducted in 4 districts in Indonesia which has a significant number of small-scale gold mining activities. The results showed that the maximum concentration of T-Hg in the nail and hair of the workers was 58.48 μg/g and 55.97 μg/g, respectively. Based on HBM analysis, in several districts, more than 60% of the workers has been intoxicated by mercury. Meanwhile, Average Daily Intake (ADI) and PTWI were significantly correlated with concentration mercury in the nail and hair. Mercury concentrations in worker's hair was significantly correlated with working experience. We identified that the age and residence duration were the major predictor of concentration mercury in nail and hair, respectively. © 2020 The Authors, published by EDP sciences.

关键词： Metals

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