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Environmentally-friendly alkaline ionized water pretreatment and hydrolysis of macroalga via microwave-assisted heating to improve monosaccharide yield for bioethanol production

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Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2024年 189卷 702-713页

作者： Chen, Wei-Hsin Liu, Li-Xuan Khoo, Kuan Shiong Sheen, Herng-Kuang Kwon, Eilhann E. Saravanakumar, Ayyadurai Chang, Jo-Shu Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Cheng Kung University Tainan701 Taiwan Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy Tunghai University Taichung407 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung411 Taiwan International Master Degree Program on Energy National Cheng Kung University Tainan701 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Yuan Ze University Taoyuan Taiwan Sugar Business Division Taiwan Sugar Corporation Taiwan701 Taiwan Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering Hanyang University Seoul04763 Korea Republic of Directorate of Research SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chengalpattu District Tamil Nadu Kattankulathur603203 India Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science College of Engineering Tunghai University Taichung Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan

This study synthesizes three sequential steps: pretreatment, acid hydrolysis, and enzyme hydrolysis for bioethanol and hydrochar production from macroalga Gracilaria. The Taguchi method is employed separately in each step to optimize relevant operating factors, aiming to maximize the monosaccharide yield. During pretreatment, environmentally friendly alkaline ionized water is utilized as it does not contain chemical additives. Afterward, microwave-assisted hydrolysis is adopted to enhance the monosaccharide yield of the macroalga for bioenergy production. The results show that the total sugar of Gracilaria undergoing acid hydrolysis alone is 28.72 g‧L−1. The total sugar content after alkaline pretreatment followed by acid hydrolysis is 32.64 g‧L−1, and it increases to 34.76 g‧L−1 after adding enzymes. Meanwhile, the higher heating value of Gracilaria increases from 10.884 MJ‧kg−1 to 12.620 MJ‧kg−1 after undergoing alkaline pretreatment. After the acid and enzyme hydrolysis processes, it increases to 15.164 MJ‧kg−1. The solid biofuel's calorific value increases by 39 % from the three-stage processes. The liquid product combined with Saccharomyces cerevisiae can produce bioethanol, while the produced hydrochar can be used as a solid fuel. This research promotes the development of macroalgal biomass for energy and environmental applications, thereby advancing the circular bioeconomy. © 2024 The Institution of chemical Engineers

关键词： Ethanol

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Optimizing dispersion of torrefied spent coffee grounds for enhanced biochar-EVA composite properties through sodium percarbonate-assisted treatment

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Journal of Industrial and engineering Chemistry 2025年

作者： Lee, Kuan-Ting Gabriela, Situmorang Chen, Wei-Hsin Rajendran, Saravanan Selvarajoo, Anurita Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Tunghai University Taichung407 Taiwan International Master Degree Program on Energy Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan701 Taiwan Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Cheng Kung University Tainan701 Taiwan Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy Tunghai University Taichung407 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung411 Taiwan Instituto de Alta Investigación Universidad de Tarapacá Arica1000000 Chile Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Nottingham Malaysia

This study aims to optimize biochar by combining 10 % sodium percarbonate with 90 % spent coffee grounds and torrefying at 300 °C for 30 min. Biochar enhances black color dispersion in a composite when blending the optimal biochar and ethylene vinyl acetate. The maximum carbon content of the optimal biochar is 59.97 %, exhibiting similar dispersion, packing density, pore size, and contact angle to carbon black. The optimal biochar's specific surface area and total pore volume are 7.12 m2·g−1 and 0.0018 cm3·g−1, respectively, 2.9 times and 1.2 times that of untreated torrefied spent coffee grounds with SP treated. The mechanical properties of the composite, which is blended with 15 wt% of the optimal biochar to ethylene vinyl acetate through trade-off analysis, indicate a tensile strength and Young's modulus of 1.03 MPa and 9.69 MPa, respectively. As the amount of blended optimal biochar increases, the tensile strength decreases while Young's modulus increases. Compared with a composite blended with the same 15 wt% of carbon black, the tensile strength and Young's modulus are 0.77 MPa and 9.55 MPa, respectively. In conclusion, the optimal biochar is a potential alternative material that could replace carbon black. This finding aligns with the developmental direction of achieving negative carbon emissions, promoting a circular economy and valorizing waste. © 2025 The Korean Society of Industrial and engineering Chemistry

关键词： Tensile strength

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Synergetic strategy: upgrading fuel properties of waste starch composite fuels by blending torrefied spent coffee grounds

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Journal of the Taiwan Institute of chemical Engineers 2024年

作者： Chen, Wei-Hsin Chen, Guan-Hong Lee, Kuan-Ting Gunarathne, Duleeka Sandamali Hoang, Anh Tuan Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Cheng Kung University Tainan701 Taiwan Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy Tunghai University Taichung407 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung411 Taiwan International Master's Degree Program on Energy Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan701 Taiwan Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Tunghai University Taichung407 Taiwan Department of Chemical and Process Engineering University of Moratuwa Moratuwa10400 Sri Lanka Faculty of Engineering Dong Nai Technology University Bien Hoa City Viet Nam Graduate School of Energy and Environment Korea University 145 Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu Seoul02841 Korea Republic of

Background: This study presents a composite solid fuel upgrading strategy by blending torrefied spent coffee grounds (TS) into waste starch (WS) at the weight ratios of 0 wt%, 5 wt%, 20 wt%, and 35 wt%. When the blending ratio of TS exceeds 35 wt%, TS-WS composite fuel fails to pelletize. Blending TS in WS contributes to the higher heating value (HHV) and carbon content. Methods: The Taguchi method is utilized to identify the optimal torrefaction conditions for HHV of TS. The highest HHV of TS at 300°C (300-TSCG) is 31.76 MJ∙kg−1, which is about 2.08 times that of WS. The carbon content, HHV, ignition temperature, and combustion reactivity of 35%TS-WS composite fuel are 51.15 wt%, 21.06 MJ∙kg−1, 262°C, and 4.6 wt%∙min-1∙°C−1, respectively. Attenuated total reflectance spectrometer, contact angle, hygroscopicity, mildew observation, storability, and water activity of TS-WS composite fuel are analyzed, and the storability of TS-WS composite fuel is discussed. Significant findings: Compared with 0%TS-WS, the HHV of 35% TS-WS increases 38%, while the carbon content increases by 34%. The mechanical strength of TS-WS decreases with the increase of TS blending amount. The strategy of blending TS and WS can significantly reduce the generation of WS and spent coffee grounds (SCGs) and upgrade the quality of composite solid fuel. Accordingly, TS-WS is a promising composite solid fuel that can approach sustainable production of biofuels without compromising commercial viability. © 2024 Taiwan Institute of chemical Engineers

关键词： Spent fuels

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Bioethanol production from rice straw waste by enzyme catalyst using separated hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) method

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2667卷

作者： Indra Gunawan Indro Sumantri 1Master Degree Program of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Prof. H. Soedharto SH Road-Tembalang Semarang-INDONESIA 50275

Bioethanol produced through hydrolysis and fermentation processes has great potential for usage as a liquid biofuel to be combined with fossil fuels. Its use and presence as an energy source does not interfere with the availability of food sources, and it has the potential as biomass to produce biofuel, in this case, bioethanol, because it contains 29.63 percent cellulose, 17.11 percent hemicellulose, and 12.17 percent lignin, all of which can be used to produce glucose via the hydrolysis process. Straw was utilized in this study for bioethanol synthesis via Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation or SHF. In the fermentation process, Saccharomyces cereviceae is used as an organism. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of the catalyst used in this case, cellulolytic enzymes, specifically cellulase enzymes and a combination of cellulase cellobiose enzymes in the hydrolysis process that affects glucose production on the levels of bioethanol produced, cellulose and cellobiose enzymes are used because rice straw contains the highest concentration of lignocellulose. The results of the experiments revealed that the cellulase enzyme achieved the highest output of reducing sugar (12.70 g/L) at a concentration of 5% and an incubation duration of 72 hours, yielding 5.9% bioethanol. The cellulase cellobiose enzyme combination produced reducing sugar yield (15.21 g/L) at a ratio of 2:1 and incubation time of 72 hours and produced the highest bioethanol yield of up to 27.40 percent. Rice straw is a potential raw material for bioethanol production employing a mixture of cellulase cellobiose enzyme catalysts and can be used as a new and renewable energy source.

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Binary energy production from pineapple peel waste and optimized by statistical and machine learning approaches

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Fuel 2024年 372卷

作者： Chen, Wei-Hsin Liu, Li-Xuan Sheen, Herng-Kuang Culaba, Alvin B. Shiong Khoo, Kuan Lim, Steven Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy Tunghai University Taichung 407 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung 411 Taiwan International Master Degree Program on Energy National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan Sugar Business Division Taiwan Sugar Corporation Tainan 701 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering De La Salle University Manila Philippines Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Yuan Ze University Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Malaysia

This study uses a two-stage process to treat pineapple peel waste (PPW), including alkaline ionized water (AIW) pretreatment and microwave-assisted heating (MAH) hydrolysis. It also contains two objective functions: hydrochar yield and hydrolysis ratio. The experimental design utilizes the Taguchi method to determine optimal conditions by calculating the signal-to-noise ratio. The designed experimental results are used to predict optimal conditions through artificial neural networks (ANN). In the first step, AIW pretreatment reduces the lignin content of PPW by 17.5 % and increases the cellulose content by 14.8 %. SEM analysis reveals a roughening of its surface, while BET analysis identifies a slightly porous structure. These characteristics provide an increased efficiency for subsequent hydrolysis. In the second step, thermogravimetric analysis indicates that a substantial hemicellulose loss is observed when the hydrolysis concentration or temperature increases. This finding aligns with the ranking of factor impacts obtained from the Taguchi method. This study also demonstrates the potential of utilizing PPW for energy production. The hydrochar, hydrolyzed under optimal conditions, increases its calorific value by 10.11 % to 18.29 MJ‧kg⁻¹, making it suitable for use as solid fuel. The hydrolysate has 52.85 g‧L^-1 reducing sugar, which can be fermented to produce ethanol and is much higher than those reported in the literature. Through the Taguchi method and ANN, the optimal experimental factor combination prediction reveals the significant impact of acid hydrolysis compared to AIW pretreatment. The optimal hydrochar yield and hydrolysis ratio in the Taguchi method are 38.75 % and 63.62 %, respectively. In ANN, they are 41.51 % and 58.38 %, respectively, with relative errors of 7.08 % and 8.23 % compared to the experimental results. This research helps turn solid waste into green fuels and approach a circular bioeconomy. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Alkaline ionized water (AIW) Artificial neural network (ANN) Hydrochar Microwave-assisted heating (MAH) Pineapple peel waste (PPW) Taguchi method

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Production and decolorization of lignin from industrial waste of pulp and paper based on the coagulation method using poly aluminium chloride

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2022年第1期2578卷

作者： Calaelma Logys Imalia Bambang Pramudono Slamet Priyanto Rosemerry Fatmawati Maureen Yudith Tiurma 1Master Degree Program in Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Central Java 50275 Indonesia 2Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Central Java 50275 Indonesia

Pulp and paper industrial waste or what is known as black liquor contains toxic contents, if not treated first, it can cause environmental pollution. So far, black liquor has only been used for the manufacture of biofuels and fuel for the paper industry, while 46% of lignin is the total solids in the black liquor component itself. This study aims to determine how much the percentage of decolorization of black liquor and producing lignin with bright colors using the coagulation method. The coagulant used in this study was Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) with various concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%) v / v. The results showed that the coagulation method proved effective in decolorizing lignin made from black liquor as raw material. The optimum condition to obtain decolorization was 90.44% using 2% PAC coagulant concentration and the total retention time of 24 hours. In addition, FTIR was used to qualitatively analyze the sludge produced during the coagulation process, and the results showed that there are several different groups in the lignin unit. The lignin obtained using the coagulation method produces a brighter brown color, is insoluble in water and odorless with a yield of 38.3%, a pH of 1.68, a purity of 54.8%, and water content and an ash content of 0.2% and 27.2%, respectively.

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Synthesis of Sodium Lignosulfonate (SLS) Surfactant and Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) as Surfactants in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2021年第1期1053卷

作者： Teodora Dasilva Ronny Windu Sudrajat Mega Kasmiyatun Slamet Priyanto Suherman Bambang Pramudono Azka Donan Elmushidi Ahmad Fauzan Master Degree Program in Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Central Java 50275 Indonesia Doctor Degree Program in Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Central Java 50275 Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering 17 Agustus 1945 University Semarang Central Java 50233 Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Central Java 50275 Indonesia

The process of extracting oil from oil wells still uses the premier and secondary methods, another method that is not optimal is the tertiary method to increase oil recovery. The tertiary method is by chemical injection with surfactants, polymers, and alkalis, among others. Surfactants (surface active agents) can change the interface tension of insoluble liquids. One of the surfactants that can be used is sodium lignosulfonate (SLS). In this study, sodium lignosulfonate surfactant was made from lignin as raw material isolated from black liquor. In this study, the surfactant sodium lignosulfonate was reacted with polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a polymer so that it became a polymeric surfactant. The surfactant polymer that has been synthesized can control oil mobility due to its viscous nature in aqueous solutions. This study examines the effect of the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol and sodium lignosulfonate, temperature, the concentration of ammonium persulfate catalyst, the weight ratio of polyethylene glycol and sodium lignosulfonate. FTIR test results on sodium lignosulfonate surfactant have a wavelength of 3369 cm−1 hydroxyl groups -OH, 1593 cm−1 -C=O aromatic groups, 1456 cm−1 -S = O groups, 1423 cm−1 -CH aromatic groups, 1216 cm−1 asymmetric SO2 groups, =C= S, and 1102cm−1 symmetric groups SO2=C=S. The compatibility test of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) shows that SLS is compatible with the formation of water. Filtration test of enhanced oil recovery shows that SLS using membrane 42 produces greater FR solution.

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Influence of amount of oxidizing slag discharged from stainless steelmaking process of electric arc furnace on elution behavior into fresh water

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2012年第1期352卷

作者： S Yokoyama T Shimomura M N N Hisyamudin T Takahashi M Izaki Department of Mechanical Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho Toyohashi Aichi 441-8105 Japan Graduate Program of Mechanical Engineering for Master's Degree Toyohashi University of Technology Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho Toyohashi Aichi 441-8105 Japan Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia 86400 Parit Raja Batu Pahat Johor Malaysia Department of Chemical Science and Technology Miyakonojo National College of Technology Yoshio-cho Miyakonojo Miyazaki 885-8567 Japan

Fundamental study was carried out for provision for acidification of soil due to acid rain. The influence of weight of the additive slag on elution behavior of the slag into water was studied in this study. Elution experiment was carried out on a basis of JIS K 0058-1. Generally, the pH in the aqueous solution increased with an increase in weight of the additive slag. The pH converged to approximately eight. Calcium, magnesium and manganese, which were essential elements for plants, were eluted from the slag irrespective to elution condition. The eluted concentrations of Ca and Mg increased with an increase in weight of the additive slag. Silicon and zinc were also eluted depending on the conditions. Aluminum that was harmful for plants was not eluted from the used slag.

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Faculty reward system reform for advancement of professional engineering education for innovation: Revisiting the urgency for reform

Faculty reward system reform for advancement of professional...

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114th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2007

作者： Depew, Dennis Bertoline, Gary Schuver, Mark Keating, Donald Stanford, Thomas Dunlap, Duane Purdue University United States College of Technology Purdue University United States Rolls-Royce-Purdue Master's Degree Program Purdue University United States University of South Carolina United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of South Carolina United States ASEE Graduate Studies Division Department of Chemical Engineering University of South Carolina United States Western Carolina University United States Kimmel School Western Carolina University United States

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Faculty reward system reform for advancement of professional engineering education for innovation: Looking at representative criteria for merit promotion in advanced engineering practice in industry

Faculty reward system reform for advancement of professional...

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114th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2007

作者： Olson, Roger Truesdale, Samuel Quick, David Depew, Dennis Bertoline, Gary Schuver, Mark Dunlap, Duane Keating, Donald Stanford, Thomas Rolls-Royce Corporation United States ASEE-College Industry Partnership Division Rolls-Royce North American Technologies United States Purdue University United States College of Technology Purdue University United States Rolls-Royce-Purdue Master's Degree Program Purdue University United States Western Carolina University United States Kimmel School Western Carolina University United States University of South Carolina United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of South Carolina United States ASEE-Graduate Studies Division Department of Chemical Engineering University of South Carolina United States

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