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Shared Management of Water Resources among Sovereign States in Latin America: The Case of the River Plate Basin

Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第8期7卷 1089-1095页

作者： Olga Kelman Brocki Calhman Monica da Hora Environmental Water Resources Laboratory Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Fluminense Federal University Niteroi Rio de Janeiro Brazil Master’s Program in Civil Defense and Security Fluminense Federal University Niteroi Rio de Janeiro Brazil

The present article sought to address the issue of shared management of water resources among sovereign states in Latin America, focusing on the hydrographic basin of the River Plate. The methodology of the Transboundary Waters Assessment programme for river basins proposed by the United Nations was used to evaluate risks within current and future scenarios. The results obtained allow the inference that the River Plate basin is in a moderate-risk category. However, high and very high risk values were observed for the pollution, dams and economic reliance indicators, which in the future horizon could promote conflicts regarding water resource use. In conclusion, states should establish their priorities and clear rules for monitoring, use and surveillance of water. This process should be done in an integrated manner, with due regard for international arrangements, and should be compatible with the policies and management instruments of the countries involved.

关键词： Transboundary Rivers Water Politics Water Use Conflicts Risk

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An application of LOTEM around salt dome near Houston, Texas

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1861卷

作者： Andri Yadi Paembonan Rungroj Arjwech Sofia Davydycheva Maxim Smirnov Kurt M. Strack 1Master Program of Geotechnology Khon Kaen University Thailand 3KMS Technologies USA 2Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Luleå University of Technology Sweden

A salt dome is an important large geologic structure for hydrocarbon exploration. It may seal a porous reservoir of rocks that form petroleum reservoirs. Several techniques such as seismic, gravity, and electromagnetic including magnetotelluric have successfully yielded salt dome interpretation. Seismic has difficulties seeing through the salt because the seismic energy gets trapped by the salt due to its high velocity. Gravity and electromagnetics are more ideal methods. Long Offset Transient Electromagnetic (LOTEM) and Focused Source Electromagnetic (FSEM) were tested over a salt dome near Houston, Texas. LOTEM data were recorded at several stations with varying offset, and the FSEM tests were also made at some receiver locations near a suspected salt overhang. The data were processed using KMS’s processing software: First, for assurance, including calibration and header checking; then transmitter and receiver data are merged and microseismic data is separated; Finally, data analysis and processing follows. LOTEM processing leads to inversion or in the FSEM case 3D modeling. Various 3D models verify the sensitivity under the salt dome. In addition, the processing was conducted pre-stack, stack, and post-stack. After pre-stacking, the noise was reduced, but showed the ringing effect due to a low-pass filter. Stacking and post-stacking with applying recursive average could reduce the Gibbs effect and produce smooth data.

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Flood hazard mapping of Palembang City by using 2D model

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1903卷

作者： Mohammad Farid Ayu Marlina Muhammad Syahril Badri Kusuma 1Water Resources Engineering Research Group Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung Indonesia 2Master Program of Civil Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung Indonesia

Palembang as the capital city of South Sumatera Province is one of the metropolitan cities in Indonesia that flooded almost every year. Flood in the city is highly related to Musi River Basin. Based on Indonesia National Agency of Disaster Management (BNPB), the level of flood hazard is high. Many natural factors caused flood in the city such as high intensity of rainfall, inadequate drainage capacity, and also backwater flow due to spring tide. Furthermore, anthropogenic factors such as population increase, land cover/use change, and garbage problem make flood problem become worse. The objective of this study is to develop flood hazard map of Palembang City by using two dimensional model. HEC-RAS 5.0 is used as modelling tool which is verified with field observation data. There are 21 sub catchments of Musi River Basin in the flood simulation. The level of flood hazard refers to Head Regulation of BNPB number 2 in 2012 regarding general guideline of disaster risk assessment. The result for 25 year return per iod of flood shows that with 112.47 km2 area of inundation, 14 sub catchments are categorized in high hazard level. It is expected that the hazard map can be used for risk assessment.

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Phase identification and morphology study of hematite (Fe2O3) with sintering time varitions

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1887卷

作者： Cepi Yazirin Poppy Puspitasari Muhammad Ilman Nur Sasongko Dewi Izzatus Tsamroh Puput Risdanareni 3Master Program Postgraduate Program in Mechanical Engineering State University of Malang East Java Indonesia 1Mechanical Engineering Department Engineering Faculty State University of Malang Malang East Java Indonesia 2Center of Advanced Materials State University of Malang East Java Indonesia 4Civil Engineering Department Engineering Faculty State University of Malang East Java Indonesia

Iron oxide has been the interest of many studies due to its applications in various scientific and industrial fields including in environment, corrosion, soil science, and exhaust emissions. Iron oxide (Fe2O3) has potential applications in catalytic reactions in electronic devices such as semiconductors, paint formulations, and lithium rechargeable batteries. Fe2O3 can be synthesized through the process of stirring, decomposition of organic iron, sol-gel, combustion, and evaporating solvents. Most of the methods used involve several steps and take a long time. The aim of this research was to investigate the phase and morphology characterization of iron oxide (Fe2O3) powder with solvent ethylene glycol after being sintered for 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours. The characterization tools utilized were XRD, SEM-EDX, and FTIR. The results of XRD analysis showed that the Fe2O3 sintered for 1 hour had the smallest crystallite size with a diameter of 21.05 nm. In the XRD test, the beam of X-ray was shot directly at the grain being tested. The results of SEM analysis showed thatthe Fe2O3 sintered for 1 hour produced the best result due to its crystallite size of 12.36 nm and hada shape of homogeneous nanosphere; the duration of sintering indeed had a great influence on the grain size of iron oxide (Fe2O3). In addition, the results of the elemental composition analysis indicate that the longer the sintering process, the higher the concentration of O but the lower the Fe.

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An Experimental Study to the Influence of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Confinement on Beams Subjected to Bending and Shear

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Procedia engineering 2015年 125卷 1070-1075页

作者： Sri Tudjono Han Ay Lie Banu Ardi Hidayat Department of Civil Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang-Indonesia Master Program in Civil Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang-Indonesia

The changing of the Indonesia National Code provision for accommodating the earthquake responses which previously was the SNI 03-1726-2002 to the new SNI 03-1726-2012 had a significant influence to the design criteria of concrete structures. One of the most underlining necessities of this revision was the tsunami and earthquake disasters affecting Indonesia, leading to the differentiation in the earthquake zones used to designing the 2002 SNI code. The newly introduced code has a predominant influence on the amplification of the designed earthquake load. As a consequence, building designed based on the 2002 SNI code requires re-evaluation and strengthening. One method for strengthening concrete structural elements is by using Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) components. Previous research work on short beams loaded in flexure and reinforced with FRP u-shaped shear strengthening around the perimeter of the beam, beneath the slab demonstrated that this reinforcement provided additional strengthening as mandated in the ACI 440 standard. In this study, the combination of FRP flexural and u-shaped shear strengthening in accordance to this ACI 440 is studied to evaluated the enhancement in the capacity of the beam.

关键词： Fiber Reinforced Polymer Flexural Collapse Shear Strengthening Flexural Strengthening

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A decade process of coastal land use changes in Peukan Bada-Aceh after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2017年第1期56卷

作者： M Fahmi Syamsidik E Fatimah M Al'ala Tsunami Computation and Visualization Laboratory Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC) Syiah Kuala University Jl. Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Hasan Gampong Pie Banda Aceh 23233 Indonesia Civil Engineering Master Program Syiah Kuala University Jl. Syech Abdurrauf Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia Civil Engineering Department Almuslim University Jl. Almuslim Matangglumpangdua Bireuen-Aceh 24261 Indonesia Civil Engineering Department Syiah Kuala University Jl. Syech Abdurrauf Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia.

Sudden environmental changes due to the impacts of the 2004 tsunami demolished a vast area of land around Peukan Bada of Aceh Besar. There were paddy fields and ponds as major livelihoods supports for coastal communities around this area. However, the tsunami waves demolished all the paddy fields and ponds around this sub-district. Since the 2004, a number of interventions were made to recovery the paddy fields and ponds. This study was aimed at monitoring the land use changes, in term of paddy fields and ponds, during 12-year of recovery process. Geographic Information System tools were used to map every 100 meter of interval in this area to observe the recovery process of the two land use types. After 12-year of the recovery process, total areas successfully being recovered in Peukan Bada were about 80% and only 19% for paddy fields and ponds, respectively. Some reasons were behind these changes. Two of the most frequent reasons are the changes of job types of the residents and the low productivity of the tsunami affected ponds/paddy fields.

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Variations of Ant Colony Optimization for the Solution of the Structural Damage Identification Problem

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Procedia Computer Science 2015年 51卷 875-884页

作者： Carlos E. Braun Leonardo D. Chiwiacowsky Arthur T. Gómez University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos Master Program in Civil Engineering São Leopoldo Brazil University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos Master Program in Applied Computing São Leopoldo Brazil

In this work the inverse problem of identification of structural stiffness coefficients of a damped spring-mass system is tackled. The problem is solved by using different versions of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) metaheuristic solely or coupled with the Hooke-Jeeves (HJ) local search algorithm. The evaluated versions of ACO are based on a discretization procedure to deal with the continuous domain design variables together with different pheromone evaporation and deposit strategies and also on the frequency of calling the local search algorithm. The damage estimation is evaluated using noiseless and noisy synthetic experimental data assuming a damage configuration throughout the structure. The reported results show the hybrid method as the best choice when both rank-based pheromone deposit and a new heuristic information based on the search history are used.

关键词： Ant Colony Optimization Damage Identification Inverse Problem Metaheuristic Hybrid Method

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Predicting impact of SLR on coastal flooding in Banda Aceh coastal defences

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1892卷

作者： Musa Al’ala Syamsidik Shigeru Kato 1Graduate student at Civil Engineering Master Program Syiah Kuala University Jl. Syeh Abdurrauf No. 7 Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia 1 2Tsunami Computation and Visualization Laboratory Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC) Syiah Kuala University Jl. Prof. Ibrahim Hasan Gampong Pie Banda Aceh 23233 Indonesia 2Civil Engineering Department Syiah Kuala University Jl. Syeh Abdurrauf No. 7 Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia 3Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology 1-1 Tempaku-Cho 441-8580 Aichi Prefecture Japan

Banda Aceh is a low-lying city located at the northern tip of Sumatra Island and situated at the conjuncture of Malacca Strait and the Andaman Sea. A Sea Level Rise (SLR) rate at 7 mm/year has been observed around this region. In the next 50 years, this city will face a serious challenge to encounter impacts of the sea level rise, such as frequent coastal floodings. This study is aimed at estimating impacts of the sea level rise induced coastal floodings on several types of coastal structures and city drainage system. Numerical simulations of Delft3D were applied to investigate the influence of the gradual sea level rise in 50 years. The hydrodynamic process of coastal flooding and sediment transport were simulated by Delft3D-Flow. Topography and bathymetry data were collected from GEBCO and updated with the available nautical chart (DISHIDROS, JICA, and field measurements). Hydrodynamic process gains the flow process revealing the level of the sea water intrusion also observed in the model. Main rivers (Krueng Aceh, Krueng Neng, and Alue Naga Flood Canal) and the drainage system were observed to see the tides effects on coastal structures and drainage system. The impact on coastal community focusing on affected area, shoreline retreat, the rate of sea intrusion was analyzed with spatial tools. New coastal line, coastal flooding vulnerable area, and the community susceptibility properties map influenced by 50 years sea level rise is produced. This research found that the city needs to address strategies to anticipate the exacerbating impacts of the sea level rise by managing its coastal spatial planning and modify its drainage system, especially at the drainage outlets.

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Experimental Study of Steel-fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams with Confinement

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Procedia engineering 2015年 125卷 1030-1035页

作者： Han Aylie Antonius Aldyan W. Okiyarta Structural and Material Laboratory Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Department of Civil Engineering Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang-Indonesia Master Program in Structural Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

This paper presents an experimental study to the effectiveness of steel-fiber concrete in combination with the confinement in the compression zone of a flexural member. A range of stirrup configurations functioning as confining elements, were evaluated. The study was aimed to analyze the effect of these confining reinforcement variations to the load carrying capacity and cracking moment of a simply supported beam loaded in pure bending. Additionally, steel-fibers were added to the concrete mix to improve the mechanical properties of the material. Five steel-fiber beams were evaluated, having a variation in confining reinforcement configurations. The variations in confining reinforcements were especially, but not exclusively, concentrated in the compression zone of the beam. To monitor the influence of the steel-fibers, a controlling element without the use of steel-fiber (conventional concrete) was also produced, and tested in the laboratory. The beam test set up was designed to undergo a state of pure bending by the use of a two-point loading system. The testing methodology under increasing monotonic loading was deformation controlled. The results showed that the variation in configuration of the confining reinforcement in the compression zone played an important role to the ultimate moment capacity of the beam. The experiments also demonstrated that the type of confinement has major impact to the cracking moment of the element. The addition of steel-fibers influenced the cracking moment positively.

关键词： steel-fiber confinement models ductility ultimate and cracking moment

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Numerical simulations of tsunami waves impacts on Ulee Lheue Harbour in Banda Aceh-Indonesia

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2017年第1期56卷

作者： Fachrurrazi Syamsidik M Al'ala W Mahardi Tsunami Computation and Visualization Laboratory Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC) Syiah Kuala University Jl. Prof. Ibrahim Hasan Gampong Pie Banda Aceh 23233 Indonesia. Lecture at Civil Engineering Department Syiah Kuala University Jl. Syeh Abdurrauf No. 7 Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia. Student at Civil Engineering Master Program Syiah Kuala University Jl. Syeh Abdurrauf No. 7 Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia. Directorate of Coastal and Marine Affairs Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Republic of Indonesia Jl. Medan Merdeka Timur No. 16 Jakarta Pusat 10110 Indonesia.

This paper reports the effects of 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami onto the Ulee Lheue harbour facility, Banda Aceh – Indonesia. The breakwater that had damaged after tsunami were rebuilt into its original design once more due to UNDP funding source. As the existing construction knowing how much the chance it stands againts the tsunami in various terms would be decent for further improvement. This research aim is to measure the capabilities of the breakwater againts the various tsunami scenario. performing the numerical simulation to analyze the hydrodynamics we used both COMCOT and Delft3D-flow for tsunami propagation in line with the hydrodynamics. Several observation points were deployed representing each part of the breakwater. The process revealed that the breakwater only able to hold 8.0 Mw induced wave from overtopping. uniquely when 8.2 Mw tsunami wave strikes the breakwater till overtopped but not giving enough energy to move the boulder aside. Potential movement of the boulder occurred when the 8.4 Mw tsunami wave come through the breakwater produced 77.12 m (5.88 %) damaged structure. The 8.6 Mw single fault highest magnitude gave 209.32 m long (15.97%) destruction upon this Ulee Lheue Harbour breakwater.

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