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Optimizing dispersion of torrefied spent coffee grounds for enhanced biochar-EVA composite properties through sodium percarbonate-assisted treatment

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Journal of Industrial and engineering Chemistry 2025年

作者： Lee, Kuan-Ting Gabriela, Situmorang Chen, Wei-Hsin Rajendran, Saravanan Selvarajoo, Anurita Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Tunghai University Taichung407 Taiwan International Master Degree Program on Energy Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan701 Taiwan Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Cheng Kung University Tainan701 Taiwan Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy Tunghai University Taichung407 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung411 Taiwan Instituto de Alta Investigación Universidad de Tarapacá Arica1000000 Chile Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Nottingham Malaysia

This study aims to optimize biochar by combining 10 % sodium percarbonate with 90 % spent coffee grounds and torrefying at 300 °C for 30 min. Biochar enhances black color dispersion in a composite when blending the optimal biochar and ethylene vinyl acetate. The maximum carbon content of the optimal biochar is 59.97 %, exhibiting similar dispersion, packing density, pore size, and contact angle to carbon black. The optimal biochar's specific surface area and total pore volume are 7.12 m2·g−1 and 0.0018 cm3·g−1, respectively, 2.9 times and 1.2 times that of untreated torrefied spent coffee grounds with SP treated. The mechanical properties of the composite, which is blended with 15 wt% of the optimal biochar to ethylene vinyl acetate through trade-off analysis, indicate a tensile strength and Young's modulus of 1.03 MPa and 9.69 MPa, respectively. As the amount of blended optimal biochar increases, the tensile strength decreases while Young's modulus increases. Compared with a composite blended with the same 15 wt% of carbon black, the tensile strength and Young's modulus are 0.77 MPa and 9.55 MPa, respectively. In conclusion, the optimal biochar is a potential alternative material that could replace carbon black. This finding aligns with the developmental direction of achieving negative carbon emissions, promoting a circular economy and valorizing waste. © 2025 The Korean Society of Industrial and engineering Chemistry

关键词： Tensile strength

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Heat stress in landfill environments: Evaluating worker exposure and occupational risks

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

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Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental engineering 2025年 11卷

作者： Abidin, Azham Umar Munawaroh, Anisful Lailil Rosinta, Aulia Sulistiyani, Arvi Tri Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning Universitas Islam Indonesia Indonesia Department of Information and Medical Service Vocational School Applied Master's Program in Occupational Health and Safety Universitas Gadjah Mada Indonesia Department of Community Family and Occupational Medicine Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University Thailand Faculty of Medicine Universitas Islam Indonesia Indonesia

Heat stress is a notable occupational health hazard, particularly because global climate change intensified environmental heat exposure. Workers in high-temperature environments, such as landfill sites, encounter significant health risks associated with heat stress, including dehydration, excessive sweating, fatigue, headaches, and potentially more severe conditions. This study examined landfill workers in Yogyakarta, where outdoor conditions increased their susceptibility to heat-related hazards. This study aimed to quantify heat stress in landfill operations via objective data analysis, which refers to the quantitative assessment of environmental heat conditions using the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index, with the goal of informing practical interventions and improving worker health and safety protocols. This cross-sectional study, a type of observational research design, examined data collected at specific points in time. This study involved 39 landfill workers, with WBGT measurements collected at 25 sampling locations in the morning, daylight, and afternoon. This study evaluated the risk of heat stress at various times of the day using WBGT values. The results demonstrated notable fluctuations in WBGT, with peak levels occurring in daylight, consequently increasing the risk of heat stress. Age and body weight are significant factors because older individuals and those with increased body mass exhibit heightened susceptibility to heat retention. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in WBGT measurements between morning and daylight and between daylight and afternoon (p < 0.001). These findings highlight the necessity for timely monitoring and management strategies to reduce heat stress risk, especially during daylight hours. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Climate change Heat stress Occupational health Wet bulb globe temperature Workers

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Experimental study of the effect of CFRP string on shear reinforcement of reinforced concrete beams

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2609卷

作者： Sri Tudjono Sukamta Yulita Arni Priastiwi Dadi Triawan Selalatu 1)Department of Civil Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia 2)Master Program in Civil Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

External shear reinforcement of reinforced concrete beams, generally using carbon fiber reinforced polymer in the form of a wrap. So that the maximum existing beam reinforcement can only be installed on 3 faces. In this study, shear reinforcement was tried using strings whose installation was similar to stirrups. So that when used to strengthen existing beams, it can be assisted by making holes in the floor plate with a drill. The formulation of the string shear reinforcement is approached with a 4 face wrap shear reinforcement formulation. The research was conducted on 3 beams, 1 beam without shear reinforcement, 2 beams shear reinforced with strings with the same in area per unit length of distribution. The string distribution distance of 2 beams are different. The test results show that the increase in shear strength of the two shear reinforcement beams is the same only differs in ductility. The real increase in shear strength is much smaller than the increase in the shear strength of the approach formulation.

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Analysis of the risk impact of internal factors on time in building construction projects in Aceh Province

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3082卷

作者： Tri Yolanda Ariska Mubarak Mubarak Saiful Husin Febriyanti Maulina Mahmuddin Mahmuddin Master of Civil Engineering Study Program Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia Department of Civil Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia

The implementation of construction projects is always faced with the risk of delays in the completion of works. Recognizing the impact of risks are the realistic efforts that can be applied to minimize the potential for delays. This study was conducted to identify and analyze the impact of risk on time on the implementation of building construction projects in Aceh Province. This study focused on 35 building projects that were built during 2021. Data collection was carried out by using a questionnaire instrument designed to identify the impact of risk on 10 internal factors and 71 variables. The risk impact was determined by using the severity index (SI) parameter. The results of the analysis describe that the highest impact of risk on time was categorized in the "Medium" intensity of impact for 22 variables (31%). The medium impact of risks were distributed on factors of material (3 variables), equipment (5 variables), finance (5 variables), construction methods (2 variables), labor (1 variable), contractor managerial (1 variable), construction safety (2 variables), contract (1 variable), and design (2 variables). The highest risk impact appears in the variable of design which differs with site conditions (J1) with an SI value of 0.606.

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Assessing long-term morphological changes in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta 12th

Assessing long-term morphological changes in the Vietnamese ...

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12th International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics, River Flow 2024

作者： Ahmed, M.F. Binh, D.V. Nguyen, B.Q. Kantoush, S. Sumi, T. Doan, N.L.P. Tuan, L.A. Nguyen, N.T. Vuong, N.D. Vu, H.T. Thang, H.N. Quyen, L.V. Water Resources Research Center Disaster Prevention Research Institute Kyoto University Kyoto Uji-shi Japan Master program in Water Technology Reuse and Management Faculty of Engineering Vietnamese-German University Binh Duong Province Ben Cat Town Viet Nam University of Danang- University of Science and Technology Nguyen Luong Bang Danang Viet Nam Research Institute for Climate Change Can Tho University Ninh Kieu District Can Tho City Viet Nam Southern Institute for Water Resources Planning Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Faculty of Civil Engineering Technische Universität Dresden Germany Faculty of Fisheries University of Agriculture and Forestry Hue University Hue City Viet Nam

ISBN: (纸本)9781032757216

The Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) has experienced significant morpho logical changes over decades, resulting in profound socioeconomic and environmental conse quences. This study investigated the VMD’s spatial and temporal morphological alterations from 1998 to 2020, utilizing four bathymetric datasets and remote sensing techniques. The ana lysis revealed that the average annual riverbed incision rate in the Tien and Hau Rivers dimin ished from-0.19 m/year (1998–2005) to-0.11 m/year (2005–2017) and further dropped to-0.10 m/year (2017–2020). The upper reaches of the Tien and Hau Rivers exhibited pronounce deepening over the three periods, whereas their lower reaches witnessed a converse trend. Add itionally, the study unveiled the average annual riverbank migration rate along the VMD, ran ging from 5 m/year to-5 m/year during the same examined periods. Notably, the dynamic processes of erosion and deposition intensified between 2017 and 2020. This research aims to provide crucial insights for refining sediment management strategies in the VMD. © 2025 The Author(s).

关键词： Miocene

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The impact of internal risk factors on cost of drainage projects in Aceh Province

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3082卷

作者： Suci Tiara Agus Mubarak Mubarak Fachrurrazi Fachrurrazi Maimun Rizalihadi Ziana Ziana Master of Civil Engineering Study Program Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia Department of Civil Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia

This study was intended to analyzed the impact of risk on costs for the implementation of the urban drainage projects in Aceh Province. The object of study was the projects implemented during the 2021 fiscal year and covering 17 districts or cities of Aceh. The projects were generally built as infrastructure for residential areas. The data of the impact on costs was collected through the distribution of questionnaires involving 52 respondents who had a direct role in project implementation. The questionnaire was designed in 3 parts that inform the respondent’s characteristics, the company characteristics, and the risk impact on costs for 10 internal factors and 71 variables. The impact of risk was measured used the severity index (SI) parameter with 5 impact criteria. This study found the highest risk impact on costs was in the "moderate" criteria and appeared in 4 variables, namely: the inaccuracy of cost estimates (SI=0.450), design which differs with site conditions (SI=0.419), material price increases (SI=0.388), and design changes in response to site measurements and investigation (SI=0.381). For impacts with moderate criteria, the constructors should anticipate the potential emergence of additional project costs by 2% to 3% of the budget.

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The study of building inspection reliability and life cycle cost analysis in Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2482卷

作者： Paramitha Mega Putri Stefanus Adi Kristiawan Niken Silmi Surjandari 1Master Program Civil Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Indonesia

Asset management at Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta needs to be supported by a good audit system in order to maintain assets in a reliable condition, especially for buildings. The building reliability audit was carried out in terms of four criteria including safety, health, comfort, and ease (Keselamatan, Kesehatan, Kenyamanan, dan Kemudahan/4K). Similarly, the allocation of funds needed to fulfill these criteria throughout the life of the building was significant. This study aimed to analyze the reliability of the building, the level of comfort and the cost of building maintenance at Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta by considering the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) for the next 20 years with interest rate (i) 6%. The reliability of the building was viewed from the aspects of architecture, structure, utility and fire protection, accessibility, and layout of the building and the environment. The object of research was the 5-story Students' Dormitory Building D at UNS which was built in 2012. The results of the building reliability audit indicated the number of 87.11 (less reliable). Life Cycle Cost analysis resulted in a total cost of IDR 35,488,655,540, - with other costs consisting of Energy cost of IDR 2,084,418.740. Operation & Maintenance cost of IDR 4,295,920,818, -, and Replacement cost of IDR 1,793,880,632, -. In terms of comfort, it indicated the number of 78.99 (less reliable).

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Identification of subsurface soil layers in Sutami Dam area and its surroundings using magnetic methods 2

Identification of subsurface soil layers in Sutami Dam area ...

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2nd International Conference and Exhibition on Sciences and Technology, ICEST 2020

作者： Sutasoma, M. Susilo, A. Sunaryo, S. Suryo, E.A. Cahyo, R.H.D. Doctoral Program of Physics Faculty of Science Brawijaya University Jl. Veteran Jawa Timur Malang Indonesia Geophysics Engineering Faculty of Science Brawijaya University Jl. Veteran Jawa Timur Malang Indonesia Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Brawijaya University Jl. Veteran Jawa Timur Malang Indonesia Master Program of Physics Faculty of Science Brawijaya University Jl. Veteran Jawa Timur Malang Indonesia

The research was conducted to determine the subsurface layer type in the Sutami Dam area using magnetic methods. This study aims to determine the subsurface soil type in the area around the Sutami Dam. The instrument used in data collection was the Proton Precession Magnetometer (PPM) Scientrex Model G-8. The data collection area covers the Kromengan region (112.494oE;8.129oS) to the Sukorame area (112.358oE;-8.213oS). The area covers the Sutami Dam area. The research area is 15 km x 15 km or with an area of 225 KM with a space between points 300 m. From the data acquisition, it was found that the number of data collection points was 1372 points. The types of subsurface layers based on the 2,5 D Talwani modeling are soil, pumice, limestone, sandy tuff, sandstone, andesite, and lava. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lime

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An analysis of the damage level and reconstruction priority of elementary school buildings in the Central Lombok District

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2706卷

作者： Hariyadi Saifullah Akmaluddin Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Mataram 83115 Indonesia Master Student of Civil Engineering Study Program Faculty of Engineering University of Mataram 83115 Indonesia

In Central Lombok District, the allocation of funds for the rehabilitation of elementary schools is very small compared to the number of schools that need reconstruction. The percentage of classroom rehabilitation work based on the target schools only reached 9.96%. Consequently, it needs to study to analyze the damage level of buildings and find out the most influenced criteria in formulating decisions for selecting school priorities that must be rehabilitated. Due to controlled aspects and standards are quite a lot and more sophisticated, accordingly the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is the proper method for solving these complex problems. The sample in this study was 13 of the 25 schools that received special funds in 2018. The application of the AHP method was preceded by a survey involving experts who were competent in their fields. The results showed that the number of schools with moderate damage was six and severely damaged as many as seven schools. At the same time, based on the order of priority, building repairs are determined by the most influential criteria, namely the level of damage and primary education data.

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Life cycle cost analysis in system dynamic modeling on Indonesia’s green toll road

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期2710卷

作者： Maria Magdalena Enny Yuliatti Albert Eddy Husin Master Program of Civil Engineering Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta Indonesia Jalan Meruya Selatan No 1 Kembangan Jakarta Barat Indonesia

The increasing number of toll road construction projects certainly has a direct impact on environmental damage because it causes emissions, pollution, and congestion. The green road rating is a tool to measure the performance of green practices and the level of reforestation in toll road construction projects. However, the implementation of tools to identify the extent to which green concepts are applied in road construction projects is still lacking in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to examine the extent to which the implementation of green road tools contributes to the achievement of sustainability goals. This study aims to determine the green level of the toll road and identify the performance of each main category and subcategory related to areas of success and areas that need to be improved based on the points obtained. From these categories, it is then modeled with System Dynamics to determine the dependencies and the resulting life cycle costs. The tentative hypothesis is that improving road quality by implementing green roads on toll roads and modeling system dynamics can reduce life cycle costs. Therefore, the implementation of greener roads is needed in Indonesia for environmental sustainability and life cycle cost savings. Finally, policy recommendations are needed for improvement.

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