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Chitosan-enhanced bentonite-sand mixture as a clay liner

AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3110卷

作者： Erwansyah Erwansyah Yulian Firmana Arifin Civil Engineering Master Program University of Lambung Mangkurat Banjarmasin Indonesia Wetland Based Material Research Center University of Lambung Mangkurat Banjarmasin Indonesia

The addition of chitosan to bentonite as an elementary material for clay liners has yielded favorable results, as shown by the decrease in permeability values. This is particularly evident in the parameter for permeability. In addition to being costly, the use of these two materials is also difficult to implement in the field due to their extreme expandability. Adding sand is one strategy for addressing this problem. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of a chitosan-bentonite-sand mixture that satisfies the specifications for a clay liner. Sand, chitosan, and bentonite were used as raw materials. In the first step of sample preparation, bentonite and chitosan were mixed in proportions of 98% and 2%, based on dry weight, respectively. The quantity of sand added to the mixture ranged from 70% to 90%. The falling head permeability test for this material with a dry density of 16 kN/m3 and a moisture content of 10% was conducted in the laboratory. In addition, microscopic and chemical tests were investigated using digital microscope and FTIR tests. The results indicate that the mixture meets the requirements for a clay liner, which is 1.56×10−11 cm/s, at a sand percentage of 90%. This value is 0.0156 lower than that without chitosan. Lower permeability was obtained for a sand percentage of 70%, namely 2.6×10−12 cm/s.

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Environmental health risks and impacts of PM_2.5 exposure on human health in residential areas, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

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Toxicology Reports 2025年 14卷 101949页

作者： Abidin, Azham Umar Munawaroh, Anisful Lailil Rosinta, Aulia Sulistiyani, Arvi Tri Ardianta, Iwan Iresha, Fajri Mulya Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning Universitas Islam Indonesia Indonesia Department of Information and Medical Service Vocational School Applied Master's Program in Occupational Health and Safety Universitas Gadjah Mada Indonesia Department of Community Family and Occupational Medicine Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University Thailand Faculty of Medicine Universitas Islam Indonesia Indonesia Laboratory of Air Quality Department of Environmental Engineering Universitas Islam Indonesia Indonesia Laboratory of Solid and Hazardous Wastes Department of Environmental Engineering Universitas Islam Indonesia Indonesia

Air pollution, particularly PM2.5, significantly impacts public health in developing areas. This study evaluates PM2.5 exposure among residents and conducts a health risk assessment within the human community in Bantu... 详细信息

Air pollution, particularly PM_2.5, significantly impacts public health in developing areas. This study evaluates PM_2.5 exposure among residents and conducts a health risk assessment within the human community in Bantul Regency, Indonesia, utilizing a high-volume air sampler (HVAS) over 24 h in a residential area and interviewing 36 respondents. The findings of this study show that PM_2.5 concentrations varied from 50.7 to 61.9 μg/m³, exceeding the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) of 35 μg/m³. The risk hazard quotient (RQ) values of PM_2.5 were greater than 1, signifying considerable health risk. Epidemiological statistical analysis indicates a significant correlation (p-value < 0.05) between PM_2.5 exposure, health complaints, and respondent characteristics. Residents report health issues including cough, headache, eye irritation, breathlessness, and wheezing. The findings emphasize the imperative for more rigorous air quality standards and regulations, enhanced public awareness and education regarding preventive practices, and urban planning development strategies incorporating green infrastructure. These measures are crucial for alleviating health hazards and enhancing air quality in impacted areas. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： environmental health health impact health risk assessment PM2.5 exposure

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Experimental study of shear strengthening by using abaca fiber as composite material of natural fiber reinforced polymer (NFRP) on reinforced concrete beam

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2711卷

作者： Muhammad Iqbal Taufiq Saidi Muttaqin Hasan Zahra Amalia Student of Master Program Civil Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Syiah Kuala University Darussalam Banda Aceh Indonesia Civil Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Syiah Kuala University Darussalam Banda Aceh Indonesia

The use of Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) as a composite material, both external and internal to the structure, is one of the alternative materials that has been widely used for strengthening and repairing reinforced concrete structures. However, the high price is the obstacle in applying synthetic FRP materials in developing countries such as Indonesia. Utilization of natural fiber as a Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer (NFRP) is an alternative because it is environmentally friendly and has good tensile strength. In this study, abaca fiber was used as a substitute for synthetic polymer fibers for the shear reinforcement of reinforced concrete beams. This study aims to evaluate the shear strength capacity of reinforced concrete beams and their failure behavior in the presence of shear reinforcement using NFRP. The benefit of this research is to provide an overview of the behavior of beams against shear reinforced with NFRP and later can be applied to the reinforcement and repair of reinforced concrete structures. The shear behavior of the beam reinforced with NFRP will be evaluated experimentally using a test object measuring 150x300x2200 mm with a design concrete quality of 35 MPa. Parameters used are fiber width, variation of layers, and configuration of NFRP attachment. The result shows that the addition of abaca fiber NFRP to reinforced concrete beams was able to increase the shear capacity. The increasing shear capacity of BSTV1 (25), BSTV1 (50), BSTV1 (75), BSTV2 (50), and BSTD1 (50) were 2.71%, 12.98%, 1.28%, 22.75%, and 6.65% respectively. (50)

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Health risk assessment of physicochemical and heavy metals exposures of the usage of shallow groundwater located at the proximity to Citarum River, Indonesia

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

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Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental engineering 2025年 11卷

作者： Salami, Indah Rachmatiah Siti Thufailah, Nadya Aulia Fahimah, Nurul Roosmini, Dwina Environmental Management Technology Research Group Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesa no. 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Environmental Engineering Master Program Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesa no. 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Center for Environmental Studies Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Sangkuriang no. 42A Bandung Indonesia Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology National Research and Innovation Agency Indonesian (BRIN) KST Samaun Samadikun Jl Sangkuriang No. 21 West Java Bandung 40135 Indonesia

Shallow groundwater is commonly used for daily needs in Indonesia, and the water quality is affected by surrounding land uses with anthropogenic activities. The study aimed to evaluate shallow groundwater quality and public health risks. 51 groundwater samples located <150 m from the river were collected from agriculture, industrial, and domestic areas along the Upper Citarum River, supporting millions of people's activities. Physicochemical, heavy metals and microbiological parameters were measured. Water quality was compared to the government standards, and the statistical correlation and Principal Component Analysis were used to analyze the potential sources. The health risk was estimated using the Hazard Quotient, Hazard Index, and Excess Cancer Risks approach. The results showed that some heavy metals contaminated shallow groundwater were the dominant source of health risk. Pb concentration has statistically inversely correlated with distance from the river. Non-carcinogenic risk of children is higher than that in adults, with the rank of agriculture > industrial > domestic regions, and only suitable for dermal exposure. Meanwhile, the carcinogenic risk is unacceptable for both dermal and oral intakes and risk in agriculture > industrial > domestic areas. Higher distance from the river shows decreasing risk values, and the estimated safe distance from the river follows the sequences of industrial > agriculture > domestic area affected by the hydrogeological condition and flooding prone in industrial areas. These findings underscore the potential impact on public health and the urgency of addressing this issue through pollution source prevention, buffer-safe distance management, and education for the public. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Agricultural ECR Groundwater distance to river HI Industrial Land uses Residential areas Shallow wells

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Improvement of clay gradation using black-beach sand

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期2838卷

作者： Qunik Wiqoyah Diah Kusumaningrum Maulina Junephin Natalie Nurul Hidayati Civil Engineering Study Program Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta Ahmad Yani Street No.157 Pabelan Kartasura Sukoharjo Jawa Tengah Indonesia Civil Engineering Master Study Program Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta Ahmad Yani Street No.157 Pabelan Kartasura Sukoharjo Jawa Tengah Indonesia

Stabilization is one method of improving soil that does not meet development requirements. This method is used to enhance the technical properties of the soil so that it can fulfill particular technical specifications. Due to the low bearing capacity of clay soil, this study was conducted to increase soil gradation using black-beach sand by adding 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% clay to the soil. Water content and specific gravity tests were performed on black-beach sand, as well as physical (water content, specific gravity, Atterberg limits, and soil grain analysis) and mechanical properties (compaction and shear strength) testing on clay soils. The black-beach sand test resulted in a water content of 2.51% and a specific gravity of 2.676. The results of the physical properties test on clay showed a decrease in the water content, specific gravity, liquid limit, plasticity index, and percentage of passing No. 200, but an increase in the plastic limit and shrinkage limit values. Clay is classified as A-7-5 by AASHTO and as CH by the USCS. The optimal water content value decreased as the maximum dry soil volume increased. The original soil shear strength test resulted in a value of 0.863 kg/cm2, a cohesion value of 0.557 kg/cm2, and an internal friction angle of 11.08°. The internal friction angle increases with the addition of black-beach sand, but the cohesiveness value decreases. Stabilization with black-beach sand can increase the gradation and bearing capacity of the soil.

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Durability test method of hot mix asphalt: A review

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期2838卷

作者： Sri Sunarjono Zulfadli Zikri Mumfaz Nurul Hidayati Senja Rum Harnaeni Civil Engineering Master Study Program Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta Ahmad Yani Street No.157 Pabelan Kartasura Sukoharjo Jawa Tengah Indonesia Civil Engineering Study Program Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta Ahmad Yani Street No.157 Pabelan Kartasura Sukoharjo Jawa Tengah Indonesia

This research is focused on selecting a hot asphalt mixture test method for water and temperature applied in Indonesia. The study was carried out based on the literature study of various tests that existed so far. The search results are known to the existing test method are Immersion Compression, Original Lottman, Modified Lottman, Root-Tunnicliff, Duriez, Hamburg Wheel Tracking Device, Saturation Ageing Tensile Stiffness, Highways, Indonesian National Standard (SNI), Moisture Induced Stress Tester (MIST), and Boil Test. Based on the investigation, it can be inferred that water and temperature are contributing factors to the formation of a hot asphalt mixture, as the adhesion and cohesion connections are damaged. Adhesion damage is identified using a soaking and emphasizing procedure, whereas cohesion damage is identified by modeling vehicle stresses on the sample to be examined. Apart from the potential for damage to the asphalt mixed bond, the technique selection procedure is influenced by the test duration, mechanical evaluation, climate compatibility, and tool availability. The selection process begins with making a scoring scale for each parameter, then scoring each test method, and finally adding up the scores of the five parameters. The factors can be categorized into five categories, except duration and climate adaptability. Only two types of damage are classified based on their influence on adhesion or the combination of adhesion and cohesion. The mechanical evaluation contains only three grading categories: 1, 3, and 5, with no point for tool availability. The testing process can take as little as one day or as long as four days. Based on the results of the sum of the scores for each method, it can be seen that SNI 6753-2015 is the most appropriate asphalt durability test technique for usage in Indonesia, scoring 22 points overall, followed by MIST (21 points) and Bina Marga (20 points).

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Backflow characteristics at Palu estuary as the impact of bed subsidence after the 2018 earthquake and Tsunami

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2643卷

作者： I. Gede Tunas Muh. Galib Ishak Rudi Herman Setiyawan Yassir Arafat 1Master of Civil Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering Universitas Tadulako Jalan Soekarno-Hatta Km. 9 Palu Central Sulawesi 94117 Indonesia

The Palu River in Central Sulawesi is one of the rivers prone to flooding in Indonesia, especially in the middle and downstream segments. The intensity of flooding has also increased after the 2018 Earthquake and Tsunami due to bed subsidence around Palu Bay triggered by the earthquake. This paper intends to investigate the impact of configuration changes and bed subsidence on flow characteristics, particularly the upstream return flow associated with high tide. Hydrodynamic simulations have been performed for tracing the water level profile upstream using the HEC-RAS Package. The simulation was applied for three conditions: minimum discharge, average discharge and maximum discharge, and it established high tide levels as a condition of the downstream boundary. The high tide level is defined as the simulation boundary because high tides generally cause inundation in the estuary due to backflow during both low and high flows. The simulation results based on the geometry of the river after the 2018 earthquake and tsunami show that the backflow to the upstream of the Palu River due to high tides has been seen in all three simulation conditions. High tide has triggered the longest return flow at minimum discharge reaching nearly 3 km upstream with varying heights along the water level profile. This backflow has the potential to cause bottom silting due to reduced flow velocity.

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Analysis the effect of moisture content of normal concrete using hammer test

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2609卷

作者： Nur Mujahadah Hariyadi Ni Nyoman Kencanawati Ngudiyono 1Master Student of Civil Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering University of Mataram West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia. 2Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Mataram West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia.

The Hammer test as one of non-destructive concrete strength test should in a non-moist structural condition to produce a high accuracy reading. Since, the strength is only taken from the concrete surface which can be affected by moisture and does not represent the overall properties of the concrete samples. For this reason, hammer test is necessary to compare between the destructive test using a Compression Testing Machine (CTM) a standard concrete strength test and Hammer test. This research used normal concrete with the concrete strength target of 20 MPa, with variations in moisture measured at 0 day, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 9 days 14 days and 21 days after removal from curing chamber, as well as the dried samples with 2 days oven to obtain low moisture. The concrete strength test includes compressive and split tensile strength using a cube sample with 15 cm size. The result shows that the compressive strength value of the Hammer test is lower than the CTM test of 12.34 MPa at 40% moisture, and the difference is higher as the moisture of the concrete surface increases. At various moisture content, the ratio of split tensile strength towards the compressive strength ranges 9.94% - 13.65%.

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Ultra-sensitive determination of Ochratoxin A in coffee and tea samples using a novel semi-automated in-syringe based coagulant-assisted fast mycotoxin extraction (FaMEx) technique coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS

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Food Chemistry 2023年第1期417卷 135951页

作者： Prakasham, Karthikeyan Gurrani, Swapnil Shiea, Jentaie Wu, Ming-Tsang Wu, Chia-Fang Lin, Yu-Chia Tsai, Bongee Huang, Po-Chin Andaluri, Gangadhar Ponnusamy, Vinoth Kumar Kaohsiung City807 Taiwan Kaohsiung City807 Taiwan Department of Chemistry National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung City804 Taiwan Kaohsiung City807 Taiwan International Master Program of Translational Medicine National United University Miaoli Taiwan Corporation Ltd. No. 392 Yucheng Rd. Zuoying District Kaohsiung City813 Taiwan Miaoli County 35053 Taiwan Civil and Environmental Engineering Department College of Engineering Temple University Philadelphia United States Kaohsiung City807 Taiwan

In this study, we demonstrated a novel semi-automated in-syringe-based coagulant-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction (IS-CGA-LLME) as fast mycotoxin extraction (FaMEx) technique coupled with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography connected with a tandem-mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS/MS) for the quantification of mycotoxin (Ochratoxin A, OT-A) in coffee and tea samples. IS-CGA-LLME is a three-step extraction process that includes extraction of OT-A from sample matrix using low-volume solvent extraction, then the extractant was cleaned-up using a coagulation process, and finally, the decolorized/matrix removed sample solution was processed for LLME for target analyte's pre-concentration. The final extractant was analyzed using UHPLC-MS/MS for OT-A quantification. Under the optimized experimental conditions, highly sensitive detection and quantification limits were obtained at 0.001 and 0.003 ng g−1 for OT-A with excellent extraction recovery (93–111%) and precision © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Mycotoxins

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Structural performance level of two bridge piers subjected to the Pidie Jaya earthquake

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2711卷

作者： Ardli Pratama Putra Taufiq Saidi Muttaqin Hasan Rijalul Fikri Student of Master Program Department of Civil Engineering Syiah Kuala University Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia Department of Civil Engineering Syiah Kuala University Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia

Following the 6.5 Mw Pidie Jaya, Aceh earthquake, it was observed by the engineering reconnaissance team that several bridges in the region experienced a severe level of damage. The quality of bridge construction and the seismic regulation used for the design were thought to be a few reasons causing the damage of the bridges. This observation raised questions from the engineering community about whether the existing bridge across the Aceh region, in particular, has a sufficient capacity to withstand future earthquakes having similar magnitude to those that previously occurred in Pidie Jaya. Therefore, this study was undertaken to understand the seismic performance of existing bridges, with the focus on the pier bridge, to sustain earthquakes with a magnitude of 6.5 Mw or greater. Two bridges, including the Teunom Bridge in Aceh Jaya Regency and the Kuala Bubon Bridge in West Aceh Regency, were seismically assessed using the MIDAS civil software, adopting a pushover analysis method. The assessment results showed that the Teunom and Kuala Bubon bridges were forecast to exhibit minor damage when the ground motion exceeded 0.13g and 0.12g, respectively. The analysis results showed that the maximum lateral displacement of 10 mm was obtained for the Teunom bridge, which indicated that the pier was forecast to exhibit moderate damage. Meanwhile, the maximum lateral displacement of 28 mm was calculated for the Kuala Bubon bridge, which was predicted to experience extensive damage when subjected to the Pidie Jaya earthquake.

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