This research describes the method of manufacturing process planning of hole manufacturing, which in every machining process consists of several individual operations with various types of punching blades. The process...
This research describes the method of manufacturing process planning of hole manufacturing, which in every machining process consists of several individual operations with various types of punching blades. The process of setting the trajectory is one of the problems of holes manufacturing process because this process takes a long machining time and often it obtains undirected sequence path that sometimes causes stress material and the damaged of punching blades. The aim of optimization process is to minimize the processing time of holes manufacturing so the time function which is obtained can be converted in the form of energy consumption that helps manufacturers to predict the machining time. Dynamic Directed Graph is applied where each node represents a machining operation. The time function is obtained by studying the shortest path of a directed graph where the structure of objectivity studied is similar to the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). The mathematical model is used to solve the hole optimization problem of the graph structure by proposing the combination of both to solve the optimization problem. The Algorithm realization will be applied in real time CAD / CAM programming by using TOPS300 which is used for TRUMPF TC200 Punching Machine. There are 2 kinds of blade operations in this research which are single stroke operation and multi strokes operation. Both produce different time function. By a. Finally, some conclusions are given from examples that show the hybrid algorithm of Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithms is effective in reaching higher optimization performance and less energy consumption, which 26.02 seconds for single stroke operation and 126.02 seconds for multi strokes operation with the acquisition of logical path results with the absence of intersecting trajectories.
Free surface synthetic schlieren (FS-SS) is a liquid surface topography visualization technique relying on apparent dot pattern displacement due to liquid surface deformation. It has gained attention in the fluid visu...
Free surface synthetic schlieren (FS-SS) is a liquid surface topography visualization technique relying on apparent dot pattern displacement due to liquid surface deformation. It has gained attention in the fluid visualization field due to its relatively simple and inexpensive setup. One of the most powerful features of the FS-SS technique is the 3D topography of deformed liquid surface, in which submillimeter scale changes can be readily observed in great detail. The visualization of liquid meniscus at the solid interface is proposed in this study to calculate surface tension by equating the surface tension force with weight of light, floating object with circular geometry. It was found that surface tensions of liquids are much greater than anticipated, suggesting that the effect of buoyant force of displaced liquid due to deformed interface cannot be neglected. When the buoyant force is included, the calculated surface tension of liquids are within 10% of the reference values.
Radio frequency ablation has been used in many surgery procedures to disrupt the abnormalities in biological tissue. This procedure results in permanent damage to the tissue so there must not be any fault occur during...
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Breast cancer is the leading type of malignant tumor which is observed in women. The effective treatment depends on its early diagnosis. The gold standard of breast cancer is histopathologic examination of cancer cell...
Breast cancer is the leading type of malignant tumor which is observed in women. The effective treatment depends on its early diagnosis. The gold standard of breast cancer is histopathologic examination of cancer cells. The determination of the grading in breast cancer is determined by three factors: pleomorphic, tubular formation and cell mitosis. This paper uses pleumorfic and tubular formation pattern from breast cell histopathology images. The proposed system consists of four major steps : preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction and classification. We use k – means clustering method for image segmentation and use Gray level Cooccurence Matrix (GLCM) for feature extraction with four features (i.e. angular second moment, contrast feature, entropy feature, and variance feature). The final step is grading classification which uses Backpropagation Neural Network. Some of important parameters will be variated in this process such as learning rate and the number of node in hidden layer. The research gives good result for the identification of breast cancer grading with 88% accuracy, 85% sensitivity, and 80% specificity.
Electrical cell lysis is one of the most efficient techniques in cell analysis in extracting intracellular components for further use or examination. Cells are exposed to high electric field strength that can rupture ...
Electrical cell lysis is one of the most efficient techniques in cell analysis in extracting intracellular components for further use or examination. Cells are exposed to high electric field strength that can rupture cell membrane due to nano-size pores creation. Thanks to microfabrication technology, electrodes can be materialized in close proximity to each other leading to high electric field strength with low applied voltage. In this study, two microfluidic systems were designed: straight and tapered systems. The straight channel was chosen due to the ease of fabrication, while the tapered channel was picked since it intensifies electric field strength in the tapered area. Finite element method was used to simulate electric field distribution inside the microfluidic systems and transmembrane potential (TMP) across cell membrane. In the experiment, green algae Carteria sp. which contains large amount of lipid was used in performing microfluidic electrical cell lysis. For 30 nm thick gold planar electrodes with 110 μm spacing fabrication, the simulated TMPs produced in both microfluidic systems exceed 0.2 V which is a threshold potential for pore generation in cell membranes when applying 34 V p–p , 1000 Hz AC voltage. Only Carteria sp. cells were successfully lysed in straight microfluidic system after being exposed to high electric field strength for several minutes. Although electric field in the tapered region was higher than that of the straight microfluidic system, the cells were rushed out of the tapered region due to electrohydrodynamic effects.
Over the last few years, study of microfluidic flow cytometry using electrical signals has developed at a fast pace. There are several electrical detection congurations but differential impedance sensing offers a grea...
Over the last few years, study of microfluidic flow cytometry using electrical signals has developed at a fast pace. There are several electrical detection congurations but differential impedance sensing offers a greater advantage due to its capability of cancelling common noise from the detected signal, resulting in improved signal to noise ratio. This paper presents the simulation of a differential impedance sensor by employing the finite element method to gain an insight and to find the proper range of the working excitation frequency for the detection system. A polystyrene microbead was used as a model particle flowing past the detection area that had non-contact excitation and two pickup coplanar electrodes in which an excitation electrode was positioned between the two pickup electrodes. The modeling results showed that for a 2 μm PDMS separation layer, the range of optimal excitation frequency was about 100 - 1000 Hz when DI water was a background medium. The bead size to microchannel height ratio was found to affect the sensitivity of detection, in which the closer the height ratio was to the unity ratio, the more current was detected. The results of the simulation study will be used in fabricating an actual device for microfluidic particle cytometry applications.
The ripple tank is a popular water wave phenomena demonstration tool for secondary school students. The projected wave images are observed in bright - dark patterns on a screen. This tool, however, falls short in pres...
The ripple tank is a popular water wave phenomena demonstration tool for secondary school students. The projected wave images are observed in bright - dark patterns on a screen. This tool, however, falls short in presenting the amplitude of the waves which is another important parameter in explaining the wave phenomena. The free surface synthetic schlieren (FS-SS) method presents an immense technical tool for solving this problem. FS-SS is an optical method based on light refraction in determining the surface gradient field from the motion of a random dot pattern when the water surface is perturbed. The surface height of the wave is constructed using the inverse gradient operation on the displacement gradient field of the random dot pattern. In this work, Wave propagation, reflection, diffraction, and interference pattern surface construction were performed to visualize wave phenomena in 3D.
Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) based on radar satellite data has emerged as a powerful technology for observing the Earth’s surface, especially for monitoring the Earth’s topography and deformation...
Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) based on radar satellite data has emerged as a powerful technology for observing the Earth’s surface, especially for monitoring the Earth’s topography and deformations. However, it is well known that the InSAR measurements are often significantly affected by the atmosphere. This paper applies the pairwise logic (PWL) and the Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (D-InSAR) technique using multitemporal SAR image from Sentinel-1A (S1A). The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of using PWL in reducing atmospheric delay and improve the results in capturing the deformation signal from the artifact. We stacked twelve pairs of S1A data before and after the December 6, 2016, Mw 6.5 Pidie Jaya earthquake in Aceh, Indonesia. Multitemporal interferograms of S1A in ascending and descending orbits were used to obtain Line of Sight (LOS) motion maps. To generate the differential interferogram of the PWL, then the first and the second interferogram were computed by summation process. Next, the second interferogram was added with the third, until the last interferogram of D-InSAR data pairs. The final data pair summation produced six pairwise interferogram. The results indicated that the summation of interferogram can increase the deformation twice in the line of sight of the satellite which represents movement toward or away from the satellite (e.g. uplift or subsidence), and also eliminated positive and negative signals in the line of sight velocities, which represent the atmospheric phase delay. The PWL simplified the complexity of atmospheric correction in the D-InSAR processing by reducing atmospheric artifact and increasing the deformation signal.
Detection of oil pollution in soil has been carried out using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS). A pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:YAG) laser(1,064 nm, 8 ns, 200 mJ) was focused onto ...
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Detection of oil pollution in soil has been carried out using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS). A pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:YAG) laser(1,064 nm, 8 ns, 200 mJ) was focused onto pelletized soil samples. Emission spectra were obtained from oil-contaminated soil and clean soil. The contaminated soil had almost the same spectrum profile as the clean soil and contained the same major and minor elements. However, a C–H molecular band was clearly detected in the oil-contaminated soil, while no C–H band was detected in the clean soil. Linear calibration curve of the C–H molecular band was successfully made by using a soil sample containing various concentrations of oil. The limit of detection of the C–H band in the soil sample was 0.001 mL/g. Furthermore, the emission spectrum of the contaminated soil clearly displayed titanium(Ti) lines, which were not detected in the clean soil. The existence of the C–H band and Ti lines in oil-contaminated soil can be used to clearly distinguish contaminated soil from clean soil. For comparison, the emission spectra of contaminated and clean soil were also obtained using scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray(SEM/EDX) spectroscopy,showing that the spectra obtained using LIBS are much better than using SEM/EDX, as indicated by the signal to noise ratio(S/N ratio).
Data acquired through the PET system tend to be very noisy, partly due to low radiation doses. In this paper, a new reconstruction strategy based on a combination of the MLEM and total variation (TV) is presented. A c...
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Data acquired through the PET system tend to be very noisy, partly due to low radiation doses. In this paper, a new reconstruction strategy based on a combination of the MLEM and total variation (TV) is presented. A comparision between the MLEM and MLEM-TV algorithms for three numbers of counts were done: (1) at 15 M counts; (2) at 35 M counts; and (3) at 55 M counts. The proposed method MLEM-TV can yield better result for image reconstruction, having a higher ability than the MLEM method to recover the spatial distribution of the counts, at low number of counts. Furthermore, an adaptive regularization parameters are embedded within the method. Experimental results, for the performance evaluation using PET simulated data, demostrate the efficiency of the MLEM-TV reconstruction method proposed, significantly improving the image quality and accuracy from the first iteration of the method, in comparison with that obtained using MLEM. For each reconstruction model under investigation, studies on the effects of image quality were addressed, using the SSIM index. Simulations were addressed using the small mouse MOBY phantom with SimSet.
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