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Understanding ADC variation by fat content effect using a dual-function MRI phantom

European Radiology Experimental 2024年第1期8卷 19页

作者： Liu, Yi-Jui Tsai, Tung-Sheng Li, Ya-Hui Peng, Jo-Hua Chang, Hing-Chiu Peng, Hsu-Hsia Lee, Ying-Chieh Lee, Tung-Yang Liou, Chang-Hsien Lin, Tz-Feng Chew, Fatt-Yang Chou, Ruey-Hwang Juan, Chun-Jung Department of Automatic Control Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Electrical and Communication Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital 199 Sec. 1 Xinglong Rd. Hsinchu County Zhubei City 302 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Master’s Program of Biomedical Informatics and Biomedical Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Cheng Ching Hospital Taichung Taiwan Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Fiber and Composite Materials Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Radiology School of Medicine China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences China Medical University Taichung 406 Taiwan Center for Molecular Medicine China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology Asia University Taichung Taiwan

Background: A dual-function phantom designed to quantify the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in different fat contents (FCs) and glass bead densities (GBDs) to simulate the human tissues has not been documented yet. We propose a dual-function phantom to quantify the FC and to measure the ADC at different FCs and different GBDs. Methods: A fat-containing diffusion phantom comprised by 30 glass-bead-containing fat-water emulsions consisting of six different FCs (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%) multiplied by five different GBDs (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 g/50 mL). The FC and ADC were measured by the “iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least squares estimation-IQ,” IDEAL-IQ, and single-shot echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging, SS-EP-DWI, sequences, respectively. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship among the fat fraction (FF) measured by IDEAL-IQ, GBD, and ADC. Results: The ADC was significantly, negatively, and linearly associated with the FF (the linear slope ranged from -0.005 to -0.017, R² = 0.925 to 0.986, all p < 0.001). The slope of the linear relationship between the ADC and the FF, however, varied among different GBDs (the higher the GBD, the lower the slope). ADCs among emulsions across different GBDs and FFs were overlapped. Emulsions with low GBDs plus high FFs shared a same lower ADC range with those with median or high GBDs plus median or lower FFs. Conclusions: A novel dual-function phantom simulating the human tissues allowed to quantify the influence of FC and GBD on ADC. Relevance statement: The study developed an innovative dual-function MRI phantom to explore the impact of FC on ADC variation that can affect clinical results. The results revealed the superimposed effect on FF and GBD density on ADC measurements. Key points: • A dual-function phantom made of glass bead density (GBD) and fat fraction (FF) emulsion has been developed. • Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values

关键词： Adipose tissue Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging Phantoms (imaging) Quality assurance (healthcare) Quality control

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Fabrication and Electroluminescent Property of OLED with Boron-Complex

Fabrication and Electroluminescent Property of OLED with Bor...

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Electron Device and Mechanical engineering (ICEDME), International Conference on

作者： Yu-Feng Lin Anchi Yeh Sheng-Lee Chen M-F Fanny Lin Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering ChungYuan Christiant University Taoyuan TW Department of Cosmetic and Fashion Styling Chengshiu University Kaohsiung TW Center of General Education Hsing Wu University of Science and Technology Taoyuan TW The Master program of Education Long Island University at CW Post New York USA

ISBN: (数字)9781728181455

ISBN: (纸本)9781728181462

A novel luminescence boron compound, [2-(4,5- diphenyl-1-imidazole-2-yl) pyridine] (DPIP-BPh2), has been synthesized by the reaction of pyridine-imidazole- based ligand. The decomposed temperature of DPIP-BPh2 is high than 200°C by thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). For the three-layer organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) with the structure ITO/NPB/DPIP-BPh2/Alq3/Mg-Ag, an emission band centering at 490 nm with the maximum brightness of 1300 cd/m2 was observed, indicating a perfect blue OLED (CIE= 0.22, 0.36). DPIP-BPh2 forms a new family of organometallic emitting materials which which may bring benefits to people in practical applications.

关键词： Boron-Complex Imidazole Electroluminescence Electroluminescence Organic light emitting diodes Imidazoles Electrochemiluminescence fabrication New families Boron Compounds Blue OLED

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Study on the rheological characteristics and improved methods in the mixed process of the boron-based composite solid propellants

Chung Cheng Ling Hsueh Pao/Journal of Chung Cheng Institute ...

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Chung Cheng Ling Hsueh Pao/Journal of Chung Cheng Institute of Technology 2013年第2期42卷 229-238页

作者： Huang, Ping-Chung Lu, Kai-Tai Li, Jin-Shuh Yeh, Tsao-Fa Master Program of Applied Chemistry Chung Cheng Institute of Technology National Defense University Taiwan Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Chung Cheng Institute of Technology National Defense University Taiwan

This study mainly explores the incompatible phenomenon between boron powder and HTPB (Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene) binder in the mixed process of the boron-based composite solid propellants, and finds the effective method of improving the rheological characteristics. Firstly, the mechanism of viscosity increase is studied in the mixed process of boron powder and HTPB. Afterward the best method for improving the rheological characteristics of the mixed process is determined by means of experimental tests. Finally, the test of rheological properties is carried out to further verify this proposed method. The experimental results show that adding boron powder improved by sodium hydroxide into HTPB can decrease viscosity of the mixed process effectively, and if adding boron powder improved by sodium hydroxide and coated by ammonium perchlorate into HTPB, the effect is more significant. © Copyright 2009 Chung Cheng Institute of Technology • All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Surface treatment

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engineering the environmentally sound warship for the twenty-first century

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1999年第3期111卷 189-217页

作者： Markle, SP Gill, SE McGraw, PS Udr. Stephen P. Markle USN is a career Engineering Duty officer assigned to Naval Sea Systems Command Arlington Virginia where he is Deputy Directs Environmental Programs Division (SEA 03L1 B). He is responsible fm program management activities associated with all ahat environmental protection equipment design and selection of environmental protection equipment and systems fm future surface ship designs (DD 21 CVN 7Z CW LPD 17) and serves on several teams designed to promote Nay wide awarmss of environmental protection requirements and Nay programs to meet these challenges. He is a 1993 graduate of the Naval Construction and Engineering Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he received a naval engineers degree and master of science in mechanical engineering. His interest in environmental issues predates his undergraduate studies at Syracuse Universityl State University of New Ymk College of Environmental Science and Fmestry where he received a bachelm of science degree in fmest engineering from the School of Environmental and Resource Engineering. LCdx Markle has qualified as a Surface Warfare Officer and in submarines through the Engineering Duty Dolphin Program he is a member of the Acquisition Professional Community and a graduate of the Defense Systems Management College Advanced Program Managers Course. He is a professional engineer registered in the State of New York and is a member ofthe American Society of Naval Engineers National Society of Professional Engineers American Society for Testing and Materials Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers and Society of Automotive Engineers. Peter 5. McGraw is current the Acting Branch Head ofthe Solid Waste Management Branch (Code 634) of the Environmental Quality Dwrtment of the Naval Surfice Warfare Centel: Carderock Division. As such he is responsible for among other things: the Shipboard Advanced Incinerator RDT&E Program the Submarine Plastic Waste RDT&E Program Solid Waste Processing Equipment Design Acquisitio

The past twenty-five years has been marked by the introduction ed marine environmental regulations that have had a profound effect on how ships are designed, built and operated. Ships being designed and built today must accommodate not only current regulations but anticipate those enacted over their thirty to fifty year life cycles. U.S. Chief of Naval Operations, Office of Environmental, Safety and Health (CNO N45) has articulated a vision for the Environmentally Sound Warship of the Twenty-first Century. This vision incorporates the "Sense of Congress" for a naval ship designed to operate in full compliance with environmental regulations worldwide. The task of the Navy engineering team is to translate this vision into reality;a ship capable of prevailing in time of war and able to conduct operations in all areas of the globe, unencumbered by special procedures for environmental compliance. The keys to this warship design are the early integration of environmentally sound principles, materials, and processes into the ship acquisition process;minimization of both hazardous materials and generation of post shipboard consumer waste during operation;adaptation of integrated systems to reduce the volume of wastes and enhance processing efficiency;reduced manpower requirements;and crew indoctrination in environmental protection.

关键词： Ships Environmental regulations engineering ARTICULATED Navy environmental security

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Preprocessing Techniques for Enhancing Vision-Based Detection System for Tire Sidewall Extraction

Preprocessing Techniques for Enhancing Vision-Based Detectio...

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International Seminar on Research of Information Technology and Intelligent Systems (ISRITI)

作者： Jia Hao Loo Veronica Lestari Jauw Chin Seong Lim Khairul-Rijal Sarmin Nunung Nurul Qomariyah Ahmad Nurul Fajar Department of Mechanical Materials and Manufacturing Engineering University of Nottingham Malaysia Malaysia Continental Tyre Technology Centre Malaysia Petaling Jaya Malaysia Computer Science Department School of Computing and Creative Arts Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia Information System Management Department BINUS Graduate Program-Master Information Systems Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9798331519643

ISBN: (纸本)9798331519650

This study aims to develop a system for extracting crucial information from tire sidewalls using Optical Character Recognition (OCR). Initially, images of tire were captured manually by smartphone cameras, including Redmi 9T, iPhone 11, and Galaxy S23 Ultra. The captured images are then transferred to a computer for storage. Subsequently, these images were cropped according to the boundaries identified by Hough Circle Transform (HCT). The cropped images were then further pre-processed. During the pre-processing phase, geometrical transformation and image sharpening techniques are applied to enhance the clarity and readability of the text images. The text is then extracted using Google Vision, with the extracted text categorized by size, DOT, brand and pattern. The results indicated that the effectiveness of image pre-processing was constrained by the accuracy of circle detection, which reached a maximum rate of 87.1%. This causes parts of the text to be cut out inaccurately, leading to a suboptimal extraction accuracy of 55.65%. It is also observed that the Redmi 9T camera produced inconsistent results compared to other devices. Specifically, the iPhone 11 and Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra demonstrated superior extraction accuracies of 69.71% and 66.37%, respectively, whereas the Redmi 9T achieved a lower extraction accuracy of 37.76%.

关键词： Accuracy Optical character recognition Text categorization Lighting Transforms US Department of Transportation Cameras Tires Internet Data mining

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Superhydrophilic self-cleaning surfaces based on TiO₂ and TiO₂/SiO₂ composite films for photovoltaic module cover glass

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Applied Adhesion Science 2015年第1期3卷 1-9页

作者： Jesus, Magnum Augusto Moraes Lopes de Neto, João Trajano da Silva Timò, Gianluca Paiva, Paulo Renato Perdigão Dantas, Maria Sylvia S Ferreira, Angela de Mello Master Program in Materials Engineering Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais – campus I Av. Amazonas 5253 Nova Suiça 30421-169 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil Ricerca Sul Sistema Energetico - RSE S.p.A Le Mose Piacenza 29100 Italy National Institute of Science and Technology on Mineral Resources Water and Biodiversity (INCT-Acqua) - Av. Antônio Carlos 627 Pampulha 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil Chemistry Department Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais – campus I Av. Amazonas 5253 Nova Suiça 30421-169 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil

Self-cleaning surfaces have excelled in recent years in energy and environmental fields. In particular, in solar energy area, these surfaces are used to avoid soiling accumulation on photovoltaic (PV) modules. So far TiO₂ has been widely used due to its photocatalytic activity and photo-induced superhydrophilicity. However, this oxide has some limitations since it reduces the glass transmittance and it rapidly reestablish the water contact angle in dark environments. In order to circumvent these limitations, composites TiO₂/SiO₂ have been proposed. For photovoltaic application, besides a good transparency in the wavelength region 300–1800 nm and self-cleaning properties, the coating should also present long durability and adequate adhesion to endure the outdoor conditions. Aiming at developing a coating with these properties, in this work, TiO₂/SiO₂ composites containing different titanium content have been synthesized and compared with pure TiO₂ films in relation to adhesion, transparency and hydrophilicity. Both films have been deposited over low iron float glass substrates by sol–gel dip-coating technique and different calcination temperatures (400, 500, 600°C) and Si/Ti molar rates (Si₈₆Ti₁₄, Si₄₀Ti₆₀) have been considered. TiO₂/SiO₂ films showed higher transmittance in visible range compared with pure TiO₂. TiO₂/SiO₂ films showed superhydrophilic character before and after ultraviolet irradiation, with water contact angles near to 0°. Furthermore, as predicted, TiO₂/SiO₂ films could keep the superhydrophilic character in dark environments, in contrast with pure TiO₂ films. Both TiO₂ and TiO₂/SiO₂ films exhibited good adherence and it is shown that higher calcination temperatures and higher titanium content enhance such property. All f

关键词： Self-cleaning surfaces Sol–gel Superhydrophilicity Thin film TiO2 TiO2/SiO2 composite

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Composition analysis of anodic SiO2/Si interface region using the XPS method

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Electronics and Communications in Japan, Part II: Electronics (English translation of Denshi Tsushin Gakkai Ronbunshi) 1993年第6期76卷 99-106页

作者： Nanjo, Junji Kawahara, Tadashi Mostafa, Kamal Abu Hena Nomura, Shigeru Kitamura, Naoko Kitami Institute of Technology Kitami Japan 090 Muroran Institute of Technology Muroran Japan 050 Naoko Kitamura received a B.E. and an M.E. in Electrical Engineering from Muroran Institute of Technology in 1988 and 1990 respectively. In 1990 she joined Toshiba and currently is working at New Materials Research Lab. Tadashi Kawahara received a B.E. in Electrical Engineering from Muroran Institute of Technology in 1989 and is currently in the Master's program engaged in research on a mechanism of anodized oxidation of silicon. Toshiba Corporation Kawasaki Japan 210 Kamal Abu Hena Mostafa was a Lecturer at Bangladesh Institute of Technology and is presently in the Master's program at Muroran Institute of Technology. He has been working on fabrication of ISFET by anodic oxidation.

Silicon oxide film, which has been used as a protective and active layer in Si devices, has been fabricated electrochemically at room temperature. The fabrication method is anodization combining a constant current and constant voltage mode. Ethylene glycol was used as an electrolyte. To improve the characteristics of silicon oxide film and also the interfacial property of the film with an Si substrate, the oxide film was annealed under hydrogen atmosphere. The depth profile of an atomic concentration was measured by X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS). The thickness of the oxide film was varied by etching with p-etchant. The as-grown film is composed of nonstoichiometric silicon oxide of suboxides, SiO2, SiO, and Si2O3, which are nonuniformly present near the Si-oxide interface up to 40A from the Si surface. The remainder of the oxide is stoichiometric amorphous SiO2. After annealing, the amount of suboxides decreases.

关键词： Silica

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Machine Learning for Analyzing Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Images Generated from Polymer Blends

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Paruchuri, Aanish Wang, Yunfei Gu, Xiaodan Jayaraman, Arthi Master of Science in Data Science Program University of Delaware NewarkDE19713 United States School of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Southern Mississippi 118 College Drive #5050 HattiesburgMS39406 United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Delaware 150 Academy St NewarkDE19713 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Delaware NewarkDE19713 United States Data Science Institute University of Delaware NewarkDE19713 United States

In this paper we present a new machine learning (ML) workflow with unsupervised learning techniques to identify domains within atomic force microscopy (AFM) images obtained from polymer films. The goal of the workflow is to identify the spatial location of the two types of polymer domains with little to no manual intervention (Task 1) and calculate the domain size distributions which in turn can help qualify the phase separated state of the material as macrophase or microphase ordered/disordered domains (Task 2). We briefly review existing approaches used in other fields - computer vision and signal processing - that can be applicable for the above tasks that happen frequently in the field of polymer science and engineering. We then test these approaches from computer vision and signal processing on the AFM image dataset to identify the strengths and limitations of each of these approaches for our first task. For our first domain segmentation task, we found that the workflow using discrete Fourier transform (DFT) or discrete cosine transform (DCT) with variance statistics as the feature works the best. The popular ResNet50 deep learning approach from computer vision field exhibited relatively poorer performance in the domain segmentation task for our AFM images as compared to the DFT and DCT based workflows. For the second task, for each of 144 input AFM images, we then used an existing porespy python package to calculate the domain size distribution from the output of that image from DFT-based workflow. The information and open-source codes we share in this paper can serve as a guide for researchers in the polymer and soft materials fields who need ML modeling and workflows for automated analyses of AFM images from polymer samples that may have crystalline/amorphous domains, sharp/rough interfaces between domains, or micro or macro- phase separated domains. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Unsupervised learning

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Interface Rotation in Cu/Nb Accumulative Roll Bonded (ARB) Nanolaminates

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Radchenko, Ihor Zhu, Wenxin Qing, Liu Navarro, Etienne Sahay, Rahul Lee, Pooi See Raghavan, Nagarajan Thomas, Olivier Budiman, Arief Suriadi Chen, Kai State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an China School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore Nanyang Technological University Temasek Laboratories@NTU 637553 Singapore Aix Marseille Université Université de Toulon CNRS IM2NP Marseille France Xtreme Mechanics Lab 8 Somapah Road Singapore487372 Singapore Singapore487372 Singapore Department of Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering and Technology Oregon Institute of Technology Klamath FallsOR97601 United States Industrial Engineering Department BINUS Graduate Program—Master of Industrial Engineering Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia

Metal-metal nanolaminates made by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) is a developing new class of structural nanocomposites that possesses high strength, good ductility, and can also be produced in bulk. These nanolaminates exhibit strong crystallographic textures and mechanical anisotropy. Yet, their mechanical properties are often measured only along rolling direction (RD). Using in situ pillar compression, we show that in-plane shear deformation mechanism in Cu(63 nm)/Nb(63 nm) ARB nanolaminate strongly depends on the shear direction. Plastic shear along the RD abruptly changes into crystallographic rotation and later into interface shear as the shear direction deviates away from the RD. The observed shear mechanisms are driven by competition between different slip systems in Cu layers and at the interface. We expect similar deformation anisotropy to happen in other ARB nanolaminates with sharp texture and interface orientation. Comprehensive characterization of such nanolaminates may require considering more than just the usual rolling/transverse/normal direction anisotropy. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Anisotropy

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OUT-OF-PRODUCTION MICRO-ELECTRONICS - AN ACHILLES HEEL OF DEFENSE SYSTEMS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第5期100卷 69-72页

作者： MACKENZIE, CM WOOTTEN, R HOY, K NEELY, J KOSCO, D SMITH, W C. Malcolm Mackenzie:is the Materials and Parts Availability Control program manager at U.S. Army Laboratory Command Adelphi Md. Mr. Mackenzie has a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Northwestern University an M.S. degree in the same field from the University of Michigan and an M.B.A. from East Texas State University. Richard Wootten:is project officer of the U.S. Army Material Command's Materials and Parts Availability Control Information Data System Project Adelphi Md. Mr. Wootten holds an associate's degree in mechanical engineering from Northern Virginia Community College and a Bachelor of Science in Electronics Engineering from The University of Alabama. Kevin Hoy:is manager of the Microelectronics Obsolescence Management Program at the Naval Avionics Center Indianapolis. Mr. Hoy holds both bachelor and master of science degrees in mathematics from Purdue University. James Neely:is leader of the Materials Management Team Industrial Materials Division in the Directorate of Manufacturing Air Force Systems Command Dayton Ohio. Mr. Neely holds a bachelor's degree in political science from The University of Georgia and a master of science degree in public administration from The University of Missouri. Don Kosco:is an electronics engineer currently involved with introducing new technologies into weapons systems. He is in the Directorate of Reliability Maintainability and Technology Policy HQ Air Force Logistics Command Dayton Ohio. Mr. Kosco holds a bachelor of engineering degree from Widener University a master's in systems engineering from The Air Force Institute of Technology and an MBA from the University of Texas at San Antonio. William Smith:is head of the Plans Branch in the Office of Policy and Plans Defense Electronics Supply Center (DESC) Dayton Ohio. He was for many years manager ofDESC's Diminishing Manufacturing Sources (DMS) Program. Mr. Smith holds a bachelor of arts degree in political science from Indiana University.

Both the timely manufacture of defense systems and their subsequent on-line operability depend upon the availability of component parts. The growing problem of microelectronic component nonavailability is casting a shadow over logistics support to these systems. This paper will discuss the causes of the problem and provide some examples of cases confronted by the DoD logistics community. It will also identify some actions which have been taken in the past to manage the issue as well as initiatives now underway. Finally it will look at what lies ahead.

关键词： Microelectronics

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