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arXiv 2024年

作者： Mitchell, Nicholas T. Chapman, David A. McDevitt, Christopher J. Read, Martin P. Kagan, Grigory The Blackett Laboratory Imperial College LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom First Light Fusion Ltd. Unit 9/10 Oxford Pioneer Park Mead Road Yarnton Kidlington OX5 1QU United Kingdom Nuclear Engineering Program Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Florida GainesvilleFL32611 United States

A reduced kinetic method (RKM) with a first-principle collision operator is introduced in a 1D2V planar geometry and implemented in a computationally inexpensive code to investigate non-local ion heat transport in multi-species plasmas. The RKM successfully reproduces local results for multi-species ion systems and the important features expected to arise due to non-local effects on the heat flux are captured. In addition to this, novel features associated with multi-species, as opposed to single species, case are found. Effects of non-locality on the heat flux are investigated in mass and charge symmetric and asymmetric ion mixtures with temperature, pressure, and concentration gradients. In particular, the enthalpy flux associated with diffusion is found to be insensitive to sharp pressure and concentration gradients, increasing its significance in comparison to the conductive heat flux driven by temperature gradients in non-local scenarios. The RKM code can be used for investigating other kinetic and non-local effects in a broader plasma physics context. Due to its relatively low computational cost it can also serve as a practical non-local ion heat flux closure in hydrodynamic simulations or as a training tool for machine learning surrogates. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Ions

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Hardware Resource Reliability Analysis based on Deep Learning for Virtual Machine Deployment Optimization 9

Hardware Resource Reliability Analysis based on Deep Learnin...

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9th IEEE Global Conference on Consumer Electronics, GCCE 2020

作者： Huang, Chih-Hao Huang, Bo-Hong Wu, Tin-Yu National Ilan University. Master Program of E-Learning for Multimedia and Network Communications Yilan Taiwan National Ilan University Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Yilan Taiwan

This paper proposes a new method based on the Apriori algorithm and deep learning technology to improve the flexibility of hardware deployment and to analyze hardware usage reliability for VM. This method can signific... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781728198026

关键词： Reliability analysis

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Enhancing urban climate resilience: A holistic evaluation of urban forest disservices in the aftermath of typhoons

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Urban Climate 2024年 54卷

作者： Liu, Wan-Yu Liu, Chen-Rui Lin, Chun-Cheng Department of Forestry National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan Department of Industrial Engineering and Management National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Department of International Master Program in Smart Manufacturing and Applied Information Science National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung 411 Taiwan

Ecosystem services associated with urban forests have gained increasing attention, but there has been a relative lack of focus on the corresponding ecosystem disservices, including financial burdens, air pollution, allergens, pests, diseases, and safety concerns. Situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, Taiwan faces the highest global number of tropical cyclones. Typhoons significantly damage the urban forest ecosystem, especially impacting peripheral residents. Consequently, comprehensive evaluation of urban forest-related policies should also consider disservices induced by natural disasters. Understanding public perspectives on urban forests is crucial for affirming public support, and outcomes of this study can guide government agencies in crafting urban forest planning policies, minimizing risks and casualties during natural disasters. Survey results from Taichung City residents (the second-largest city in Taiwan), highlight key urban forest benefits: shade, picturesque scenery, and stress relief. Disruptions perceived include increased maintenance costs, hazards from broken branches, trunks, and road damage from tree roots. Three prominent ecosystem disservices from natural disasters are identified: power failures, casualties, and property losses from falling branches, and increased cleaning costs. To mitigate disservices and enhance urban forest resilience, recommendations include augmenting the budget for removing unhealthy urban forests, planting structurally stable ones, reinforcing underground cables, and increasing pruning budgets. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Ecosystem disservices Public perception Typhoon impact Urban forest management Urban forests

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Autonomous Electron Tomography Reconstruction with Machine Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Millsaps, William Schwartz, Jonathan Di, Zichao Wendy Jiang, Yi Hovden, Robert Department of Nuclear Engineering & Radiological Sciences University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL United States Advanced Photon Source Facility Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL United States Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States

This manuscript is published in Microscopy and Microanalysis (DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad083). Modern electron tomography has progressed to higher resolution at lower doses by leveraging compressed sensing methods that minimize total variation (TV). However, these sparsity-emphasized reconstruction algorithms introduce tunable parameters that greatly influence the reconstruction quality. Here, Pareto front analysis shows that high-quality tomograms are reproducibly achieved when TV minimization is heavily weighted. However, in excess, compressed sensing tomography creates overly smoothed 3D reconstructions. Adding momentum to the gradient descent during reconstruction reduces the risk of over-smoothing and better ensures that compressed sensing is well behaved. For simulated data, the tedious process of tomography parameter selection is efficiently solved using Bayesian optimization with Gaussian processes. In combination, Bayesian optimization with momentum-based compressed sensing greatly reduces the required compute time-an 80% reduction was observed for the 3D reconstruction of SrTiO3 nanocubes. Automated parameter selection is necessary for large scale tomographic simulations that enable the 3D characterization of a wider range of inorganic and biological materials. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Compressed sensing

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Binocular 3D Vision Fusion Measurement Technique

Binocular 3D Vision Fusion Measurement Technique

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2021 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, ISPACS 2021

作者： Chang, Chao-Kai Liao, Jih-Yi Chen, Der-Chin Yeh, Feng-Ming Chang, Shih-Tsung Hsu, Cheng-Ko Yuanpei University of Medical Technology Department of Optometry Hsinchu Taiwan Passion Light Inc. No.83719485 Taichung Taiwan Feng Chia University Department of Electrical Engineering Taichung Taiwan Loocadi Inc. No.29199990 Taipei Taiwan Da-Yeh University Vision Science Master Program College of Nursing and Health Sciences Changhua Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665419512

There are two major factors behind the visual discomfort for wearing glasses. One is the prism effect, in which the pupillary distance (PD) is out of the one between the optical center of the glasses. The other is the improper adjustment of the frame curvature, which causes distortion effects. These two factors may not be discovered due to the fast eye examination and the conscious perception of the inspected person's old glasses of visual sight, which may cause visual discomfort after wearing the new glasses. Binocular 3D Vision Fusion Measurement B3D-VFM uses the subject's visual choice with a double-slit plate inspection machine to measure the optic axis, combined with the curvature and curve rate of the frame, will effectively improve the visual fusion function. After being proved by Institutional Review Board (IRB), the Subjective fusion data of the 21 testees were measured 3 times compared with the Objective fusion, and it showed the data value was reduced by 83%. The new glasses technology ophthalmic dispensing technology developed in this experiment, for those who wear old glasses, have a difference in fusion. Then the comfort of the fusion rate reached to 91% of the technical experiment after effectively optimizing, and the effect of B3D-VFM is significant. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Glass

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Experimental study of natural circulation in Kartini reactor core: Effect of primary flow rate and power

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期2967卷

作者： Edi Sugianto Alexander Agung Anhar Riza Antariksawan Zulfikar Elran Bhagaskara Tri Nugroho Hadi Susanto Umar Sahiful Hidayat Argo Satrio Wicaksono Wahyu Nur Hidayat Aldhan Dewanto Putra Master Program in Engineering Physics Faculty of Engineering Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia National Research and Innovation Agency Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia Nuclear Engineering and Physics Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia

The Kartini research reactor core cooling uses natural convection. Primary cooling system is used to cool coolant by circulating coolant in reactor tank to a heat exchanger dissipating the heat to the secondary cooling system and back to the reactor tank. The coolant is injected to the reactor tank through a diffuser located above the core in order to dilute the N-16 radionuclide. However, it turns out that the primary coolant flow affected the natural circulation in the reactor core. This study was conducted to study the effect of primary coolant flow on natural circulation in the reactor core at various reactor power, as well as to determine the characteristics of natural circulation in the core. The experimental study was focused in the hot channel (ring B). The reactor was operated with a power of 50 kW, 75 kW, and 100 kW. At each power, the flow rate of the primary coolant changed from 100% to 0% flow rate with decrement of 20%. The instrumentation to measure coolant temperature were used to provide the axial coolant temperature distribution in the hot channel. From this temperature distribution, the flow pattern in the channel was predicted. An analytical sub-channel analysis was performed to calculate the natural circulation flow rate and DNBR. The experimental results showed that in all cases the primary flow influenced the flow in the core; the natural circulation was seemed balanced by forced circulation coming from primary flow. It was also observed that at low power, the temperature of the cooling fluid tends to be relatively stable compared to high power. When the primary flow rate is 0%, natural convection occurs in the reactor core with the velocity (u) and DNBR of 9.22 cm/s and 9.02, 9.24 cm/s and 6.02, and 11.55 cm/s and 4.51 at the power of 50 kW, 75 kW and 100 kW, respectively. The values of DNBR are still larger than safety requirement. It is concluded that the flow in the core of Kartini reactor is mixed convection due to primary coolant forced

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Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: A paradigm shift in clinical therapeutics

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Experimental Cell Research 2025年第1期450卷 114616页

作者： Chattopadhyay, Sayantani Rajendran, Ramya Lakshmi Chatterjee, Gargii Reyaz, Danyal Prakash, Kruthika Hong, Chae Moon Ahn, Byeong-Cheol ArulJothi, Kandasamy Nagarajan Gangadaran, Prakash Department of Genetic Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Chengalpattu Tamilnadu 603203 India BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents Department of Biomedical Sciences School of Medicine Kyungpook National University Daegu 41944 South Korea Department of Nuclear Medicine School of Medicine Kyungpook National University Daegu 41944 South Korea Cardiovascular Research Institute Kyungpook National University Daegu 41944 South Korea Department of Nuclear Medicine Kyungpook National University Hospital Daegu 41944 South Korea

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles that have emerged as promising candidates for therapeutic and diagnostic applications because of their unique bioactive cargo, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These vesicles mitigate concerns of immunogenicity and tumorigenicity associated with MSC-based therapies and offer enhanced stability, higher scalability, and ease of modification. However, the use of MSC-derived exosomes in clinical practice is associated with challenges, including difficulties in isolation, characterization, and standardization. This review explores the biogenesis and structural properties of MSC-derived exosomes and discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects. It also discusses ongoing clinical trials on their applications in cancer, cardiovascular, neurological, and regenerative medicine. Preclinical and clinical data have demonstrated the potential of MSC-derived exosomes in enhancing tissue repair, reducing inflammation, and modulating immune responses. Despite these advancements, gaps in scalable production methods, regulatory guidelines, and therapeutic consistency must be addressed. Future innovations in bioengineering, manufacturing, and regulatory frameworks are essential to realize the full potential of MSC-derived exosomes in mainstream medicine. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Exosomes Extracellular vesicles Immunomodulation mesenchymal stromal/stem cells Therapeutic applications

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First-Attempt Application of Sponge Membrane Bioreactor Treating 3,4-Dichlorophenol Contaminated Wastewater at Different Hydraulic Retention Times

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Nhu Nguyet, Phan Nguyen, Thi-Kim-Ngan Thuan, Ngo Thi Yen, Duong Hoang Vo, Thi-Kim-Quyen Nguyen, Thi-Yen-Phuong Bui, Xuan-Thanh Watari, Takahiro Yamaguchi, Takashi Hatamoto, Masashi Faculty of Environment University of Science Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering International University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Master Program in Water Technology Reuse and Management Vietnamese German University Binh Duong Province Viet Nam Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nagaoka University of Technology Niigata Japan Department of Science of Technology Innovation Nagaoka University of Technology Niigata Japan

Chlorophenols (CPs) are priority pollutants which persist in the environment for up to 28 years. The release of Chlorophenol derivatives into aquatic environments poses serious risks to living beings because of their mutagenic, carcinogenic, genotoxic, and teratogenic effects. This study highlights the first application of a Sponge Membrane Bioreactor (Sponge-MBR) for treating 3,4-Dichlorophenol (3,4-DCP)-contaminated wastewater. Herein, a lab-scale Sponge-MBR was conducted to treat 3,4-DCP-contaminated wastewater at various hydraulic retention times (HRTs) ranging from 5 to 15 h in terms of organic matter and 3,4-DCP removal, and microbial community shifts. The sludge characteristics were also performed. Results showed that a rise in HRT at 5, 10 and 15 h increased the removal efficiencies of COD (84 – 94%) and 3,4-DCP (90 – 96%). Under 30-day operation period at optimal HRT (15 h), corresponding to OLR of 2.84 ± 0.18 kg COD·m-3·day-1, the removal efficiencies of both 3,4-DCP and COD were 96% with the average removal rate of 356 ± 83 mg COD·g-SS-1·day-1 and 1.62 ± 0.38 mg 3,4-DCP·g-SS-1·day -1. The attached biomass in sponge media was recorded higher than suspended biomass and contributed 49 – 66% of the total biomass, indicating that the microbial community shifts could degrade organic matter and remove 3,4-DCP. Proteobacteria dominated the microbial community because of their adaptability to environmental changes. The findings derived from this study provide useful perspectives on the application of Sponge-MBR treating 3,4-DCP-contaminated wastewater and offer Sponge-MBR as a potential alternative for treating wastewater contaminated with toxic chemicals. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biomass

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Using a hybrid neural network architecture for DNA sequence representation: A study on N4-methylcytosine sites

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Computers in Biology and Medicine 2024年 178卷 108664-108664页

作者： Nguyen, Van-Nui Ho, Trang-Thi Doan, Thu-Dung Le, Nguyen Quoc Khanh University of Information and Communication Technology Thai Nguyen University Thai Nguyen Viet Nam Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering TamKang University New Taipei251301 Taiwan International Degree Program in Animal Vaccine Technology International College National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Pingtung Taiwan Professional Master Program in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei110 Taiwan Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei110 Taiwan AIBioMed Research Group Taipei Medical University Taipei110 Taiwan Translational Imaging Research Center Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei110 Taiwan

N4-methylcytosine (4mC) is a modified form of cytosine found in DNA, contributing to epigenetic regulation. It exists in various genomes, including the Rosaceae family encompassing significant fruit crops like apples, cherries, and roses. Previous investigations have examined the distribution and functional implications of 4mC sites within the Rosaceae genome, focusing on their potential roles in gene expression regulation, environmental adaptation, and evolution. This research aims to improve the accuracy of predicting 4mC sites within the genome of Fragaria vesca, a Rosaceae plant species. Building upon the original 4mc-w2vec method, which combines word embedding processing and a convolutional neural network (CNN), we have incorporated additional feature encoding techniques and leveraged pre-trained natural language processing (NLP) models with different deep learning architectures including different forms of CNN, recurrent neural networks (RNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM). Our assessments have shown that the best model is derived from a CNN model using fastText encoding. This model demonstrates enhanced performance, achieving a sensitivity of 0.909, specificity of 0.77, and accuracy of 0.879 on an independent dataset. Furthermore, our model surpasses previously published works on the same dataset, thus showcasing its superior predictive capabilities. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Embeddings

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Microstructural and micro-chemical evolutions in irradiated UCO fuel kernels of AGR-1 and AGR-2 TRISO fuel particles

Microstructural and micro-chemical evolutions in irradiated ...

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2021 International Conference on High-Temperature Reactor Technology, HTR 2021

作者： Fu, Zhenyu Yang, Yong van Rooyen, Isabella J. Meher, Subhashish Kombaiah, Boopathy Nuclear Engineering Program Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Florida PO Box 116400 100 Rhines Hall GainesvilleFL32611 United States Fuel Design and Development Department Idaho National Laboratory Idaho FallsID83415-6188 United States Material Science Department Idaho National Laboratory Idaho FallsID83415-6188 United States Advanced Characterization Department Idaho National Laboratory Idaho FallsID83415-6188 United States

AGR-1 and AGR-2 tristructural-isotropic (TRISO) fuel particles were fabricated using slightly different fuel kernel chemical compositions, modified fabrication processes, different fuel kernel diameters, and changed235U enrichments. Extensive microstructural and analytical characterizations were conducted to correlate those differences with the fuel kernels’ responses to neutron irradiations in terms of irradiated fuel microstructure, fission products’ chemical and physical states, and fission gas bubble evolutions. The studies used state-of-the-art transmission electron microscopy (TEM) equipped with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) via four silicon solid-state detectors with super sensitivity and rapid speed. The TEM specimens were prepared from selected AGR-1 and AGR-2 irradiated fuel kernels exposed to safety testing after irradiation. The particles were chosen in order to create representative irradiation conditions with fuel burnup in the range of 10.8 to 18.6% fissions per initial metal atom (FIMA) and time-average volume-average temperatures varying from 1070 to 1287°C. The235U enrichment was 19.74 wt.% and 14.03 wt.% for the AGR-1 and AGR-2 fuel kernels, respectively. The TEM results showed significant microstructural reconstructions in the irradiated fuel kernels from both the AGR-1 and AGR-2 fuels. There are four major phases: fuel matrix of UO2 and UC, U2RuC2, and UMoC2—in the irradiated AGR-2 fuel kernel. Zr and Nd form a solid solution in the UC phase. The UMoC2 phase often features a detectable concentration of Tc. Pd was mainly found to be located in the buffer layer or associated with fission gas bubbles within the UMoC2 phase. EDS maps qualitatively show that rare-earth fission products (Nd et al.) preferentially reside in the UO2 phase. In contrast, in the irradiated AGR-1 fuel kernel, no U2RuC2 or UMoC2 precipitates were positively identified. Instead, there was a high number of rod-shaped precipitates enriched with Ru, Tc, Rh, and Pd o

关键词： Fission products

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