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Magnesium-enriched deep-sea water inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and dampens inflammation

Heliyon 2024年第15期10卷 e35136页

作者： Wang, Hsueh-Hsiao Huang, Chi-Ruei Lin, Hsin-Chung Lin, Hsin-An Chen, Yu-Jen Tsai, Kuen-Jou Shih, Chieh-Tien Huang, Kuo-Yang Ojcius, David M. Tsai, Ming-Hang Tseng, Kuang-Wen Chen, Lih-Chyang Department of Medicine MacKay Medical College Master Program in Biomedicine College of Science and Engineering National Taitung University Biomedicine Agriculture and Food Sciences Research Center College of Science and Engineering National Taitung University Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology National Defense Medical Center Division of Clinical Pathology Department of Pathology Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Division of Infection Department of Medicine Tri-Service General Hospital SongShan Branch National Defense Medical Center Department of Health Promotion and Health Education National Taiwan Normal University Department of Medical Research MacKay Memorial Hospital Department of Radiation Oncology MacKay Memorial Hospital Department of Artificial Intelligence and Medical Application MacKay Junior College of Medicine Nursing and Management Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital Department of Laboratory Medicine MacKay Memorial Hospital Department of Nursing MacKay Medical College Department of Biomedical Sciences University of the Pacific Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry Department of Medicine Tri-Service General Hospital SongShan Branch National Defense Medical Center

The NLRP3 inflammasome is an essential component of the innate immune system, but excessive activation can lead to inflammatory diseases. Ion fluxes across the plasma membrane or from intracellular stores are known to regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Deep-sea water (DSW) contains high concentrations of many mineral ions, which could potentially influence NLRP3 inflammasome activation. However, the impact of DSW on NLRP3 inflammasome activation has not been investigated. Here, we demonstrated that DSW with water hardness levels up to 500 mg/L did not affect cell viability or the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components in macrophages derived from THP-1 cells. However, the DSW significantly inhibited IL-1β secretion and caspase-1 activation in response to NLRP3 activators such as nigericin, ATP, or monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. Mechanically, it was discovered that the presence of 5 mM magnesium ions (Mg2⁺), equivalent to the Mg2⁺ concentration found in the DSW with a water hardness of 500 mg/L, inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This indicates that Mg2⁺ contributes to the mechanism by which DSW mitigates NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Moreover, DSW administration effectively lessens MSU-triggered peritonitis in mice, a commonly used model for examining the impacts of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These results show that DSW enriched with Mg²⁺ could potentially be beneficial in modulating NLRP3 inflammasome-associated diseases. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Deep-sea water Macrophages Magnesium NLRP3 inflammasome

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Field-Induced Criticality in YbCu4Au

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Taniguchi, Takanori Osato, Kotaro Okabe, Hirotaka Kitazawa, Takafumi Kawamata, Masahiro Hashimoto, Shota Ikeda, Yoichi Nambu, Yusuke Sari, Dita Puspita Watanabe, Isao Nakamura, Jumpei G. Koda, Akihiro Gouchi, Jun Uwatoko, Yoshiya Kittaka, Shunichiro Sakakibara, Toshiro Mizumaki, Masaichiro Kawamura, Naomi Yamanaka, Takayoshi Hiraki, Koichi Sasaki, Takahiko Fujita, Masaki Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Sendai980-8577 Japan Department of Physics Tohoku University Sendai980-8578 Japan Organization for Advanced Studies Tohoku University Sendai980-8577 Japan FOREST Japan Science and Technology Agency Kawaguchi Saitama332-0012 Japan Innovative Global Program College of Engineering Shibaura Institute of Technology Saitama337-8570 Japan Nuclear Structure Research Group Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science RIKEN Wako Saitama351-0198 Japan Institute of Materials Structure Science High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization Tsukuba305-0801 Japan The Institute for Solid State Physics The University of Tokyo Kashiwa Chiba277-8581 Japan Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Engineering Chuo University Tokyo112-8551 Japan Faculty of Science Kumamoto University 2-39-1 Kurokami Chuou-ku Kumamoto860-8555 Japan Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute Sayo Hyogo679-5148 Japan Integrated Center for Science and Humanities Fukushima Medical University Fukushima960-1295 Japan

YbCu4Au is a unique material exhibiting multiple quantum fluctuations simultaneously. In this study, we investigated the field-induced criticality in YbCu4Au, based on comprehensive micro and macro measurements, including powder Xray diffraction (XRD), neutron powder diffraction (NPD), nuclear magnetic resonance, magnetization, resistivity, specific heat, muon spin rotation relaxation (μSR), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Single crystals of YbCu4Au were grown, and their crystal structure was determined using XRD, and NPD measurements. Magnetic successive transitions were observed below 1 T by specific heat, resistivity, NPD, and μSR measurements. XAS measurements further indicate that the valence of Yb ions (+2.93) remained unchanged above 2 T. Moreover, the change in quadrupole frequency observed in the previous study is attributable to the electric quadrupole, as the expected value of the electric quadrupole was finite under magnetic fields [S. Wada et al., Journal o f Physics: Condensed Matter, 20, 175201 (2008).]. These experimental results suggest that YbCu4Au exhibited bicritical behavior near 1 T, arising from the competition between RKKY interaction, accounting for the magnetic phases, and the Zeeman effect. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： X ray absorption spectroscopy

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Study of area change and rehabilitation of mangrove ecosystems in Karimunjawa National Park

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2683卷

作者： M. Arief Rahman Halim Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowati Hadiyanto Hadiyanto Luri Nurlaila Syahid Master Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Mathematics Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Science Research Group Faculty of Earth Science and Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia

The mangrove ecosystem is one of the unique and distinctive ecosystems because it is a compelling natural resource. However, in the current era, many people are greedy, resulting in the conversion of mangrove land, which causes a decrease in the area of the mangrove ecosystem. This study aims to determine changes in the extent of the mangrove ecosystem in Karimunjawa National Park and the appropriate rehabilitation efforts there. The method used in this research is a case study with descriptive analysis. Data collection techniques used literature studies from several related research sources whose research locations were in the Karimunjawa National Park. The collected data were then analyzed using the SWOT method. The main priority to be chosen as the primary strategic plan to repair damage and rehabilitate mangroves in Karimunjawa National Park is to establish synergistic cooperation between the implementation of government programs and the wishes of the local community through revitalizing coastal areas due to abrasion by replanting mangrove trees. This alternative strategy is a Strength-Threats (ST) strategy, where strength is maximized to overcome threats.

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Assessing the groundwater suitability for drinking purposes around disposal area of aluminium slag waste in Jombang Regency, Indonesia– a review

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2683卷

作者： Wenny Vebriane Thomas Triadi Putranto Muhammad Helmi Master Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Universitas Diponegoro Jl Prof Sudharto SH. Tembalang Semarang-Indonesia Department of Geological Engineering Faculty of Technic Universitas Diponegoro Semarang-Indonesia Department of Oceanography Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science Universitas Diponegoro Semarang – Indonesia

Aluminum slag wastes are categorized as hazardous waste so that their disposal in the soil without any treatment can cause serious environmental problems, especially groundwater contamination. This paper aims to assess the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes around aluminum slag waste disposal areas in SumobitoSub district and Kesamben Subdistrict, Jombang Regency. The disposal area that potentially contaminates groundwater is estimated at 31.367 m2 with a volume of 96.470 m3. This study executed a comprehensive literature review of aluminum slag waste characteristics, the environmental impact, groundwater contamination, and management. The methods were monitoring results in 28shallow wells around the disposal area using in situ measurement for parameter pH, temperature TDS, conductivity. Results show that groundwater quality in Bakalan Village, Sebani Village, Talun Kidul Village, Carangrejo Village, Kendalsari Village, and Budug Villageexceed the Indonesian standard for drinking water. This paper attempts to provide a preliminary study for decision-making in groundwater management in the affected area. Further study for the heavy metal parameter in groundwater around the disposal area needs to be conducted.

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Ultrafast switchable polar and magnetic orders by nonlinear light-matter interaction

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wei, Haoyu Kaplan, Daniel Xu, Haowei Li, Ju Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Tsien Excellence in Engineering Program Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Center for Materials Theory Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers University PiscatawayNJ08854 United States Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

An outstanding challenge in materials science and physics is the harnessing of light for switching charge order in e.g., ferroelectrics. Here we propose a mechanism through which electrons in ferroelectric bilayers excited with light cause ionic structural transitions. Using perturbation theory within a many-body formalism, we show that the ionic coupling is mediated by a resonant change in electronic occupation functions, ultimately governed by the quantum geometric tensor (QGT) of the ground state. Furthermore, we show that such transitions are generally accompanied by multiferroic order switching. We demonstrate two examples of light-induced structural and polarization switching under this mechanism using first-principle calculations on bilayer CrI3 and MoTe2 . We show that the two materials can switch between atomic stackings with a light intensity threshold of only 101-102GW/cm2, a value 1-3 orders of magnitude lower than that required by direct light-ion coupling thanks to the superior efficiency of resonant light-electron coupling. Since such switching is fast, highly controllable, contactless, and reversible, it is promising for use in optically controlled nonvolatile memory, nanophotonics and electronic devices. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Perturbation techniques

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Carbon Footprint from Settlement Activities: A Literature Review 4

Carbon Footprint from Settlement Activities: A Literature Re...

引用

4th International Conference on Energy, Environment, Epidemiology and Information System, ICENIS 2019

作者： Purwanto, Agus Syafrudin, Syafrudin Sunarsih, Sunarsih Master Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science and Mathematics Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

One of the causes of increasing greenhouse gases is the increase in CO2 emissions produced from both the industrial sector, transportation sector, and settlement sector. The settlement sector also contributes to CO2 emissions based on household activities. Research on carbon footprint from settlement activities is currently focusing on carbon footprints from household energy use both electricity and heat energy for cooking and have not taken into account the activities of vehicle fuel use, domestic waste, and water consumption. This paper aims to conduct a literature study on matters relating to the method of estimating the carbon footprint of settlement activities and influencing variables. The results of this study are a framework for estimating the more comprehensive carbon footprint of housing activities by adding private vehicle fuel consumption, waste generation, and water consumption in addition to the use of fuel for cooking and electricity use. © The Authors, published by EDP sciences, 2019.

关键词： Carbon footprint

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Green synthesis of NiO nanoparticles using a Cd hyperaccumulator (Lactuca sativa L.) and its application as a Pb(II) and Cu(II) adsorbent

引用

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management 2024年 21卷

作者： Hamdan, Abd Mujahid Sardi, Arif Reksamunandar, Rhyan Prayuddy Maulida, Zahratul Arsa, Dwi Ardiana Lubis, Syafrina Sari Nisah, Khairun Department of Enginering Physics Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh Jln. Syekh Abdurrauf No 1 Darussalam Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh Jln. Syekh Abdurrauf No 1 Darussalam Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia Department of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training Jl. Dr. S. H. Sarundajang Ringroad I Sulawesi Utara Manado 95128 Indonesia Postgraduate Program Master of Environmental Management Syiah Kuala University Jln. Tgk. Chik Pante Kulu Banda Aceh Darussalam 23111 Indonesia Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh Jln. Syekh Abdurrauf No 1 Darussalam Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh Jln. Syekh Abdurrauf No 1 Darussalam Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia

The proliferation of heavy metal contamination, namely, lead and copper, has emerged as a pervasive worldwide peril to human existence. One potential solution for addressing this issue is the utilization of nanoparticle adsorption, specifically for nickel oxide nanoparticles. However, to promote environmental sustainability, scholarly studies have identified green synthesis as a prospective methodology. The process of cadmium phytoremediation, although offering a potential remedy for heavy metal contamination, gives rise to apprehensions surrounding the proper disposal of cadmium hyperaccumulator plant biomass. Hence, it is imperative to establish suitable strategies for the disposition or usage of this biomass. The utilization of hyperaccumulator extracts for the eco-friendly production of nickel oxide nanoparticles remains unexplored in the current literature. The main aim of this research is to explore the possible application of Lactuca sativa L. as a plant species with the ability to accumulate high levels of cadmium. The study also seeks to examine the efficacy of utilizing these plants in the fabrication of nickel oxide nanoparticles and evaluate their capacity to absorb lead and copper ions. The characterization of nickel oxide nanoparticles is conducted through a range of techniques, encompassing scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The present work achieved successful utilization of Lactuca sativa L. extract for the manufacture of nickel oxide nanoparticles, which showed notable efficacy as an adsorbent for lead and copper. The synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles using an extract from Lactuca sativa L. has demonstrated the viability of utilizing hyperaccumulator biomass in the phytoremediation of cadmium. This finding presents a promising

关键词： Green synthesis Lactuca sativa L. Nanoparticle Nickel oxide Phytoremediation

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Predicting Metabolic Syndrome With Machine Learning Models of Hybrid Analysis

Predicting Metabolic Syndrome With Machine Learning Models o...

引用

IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics-Taiwan (ICCE-TW)

作者： Yi-Syuan Wu Wei-Yun Wang Hao-Yi Wu Chao-Wen Chen Chi-Ming Chu Cheng-Wei Wu Department of Surgery Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Master Program of E-Learning for Multimedia and Network Communications National I-Lan University Yilan Taiwan Department of Nursing Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch and School of Nursing National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan Department of Nursing Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan Department of Surgery Trauma and Critical Care Service Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan School of Public Health National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National I-Lan University Yilan Taiwan

The study uses machine learning to determine the accuracy of different algorithms for predicting MetS. Early prediction of MetS through routine health screening is an important goal for preventive medicine. The subjects in this study were employees aged 20 to 65 years old who signed a consent form for in-hospital health screening data were collected from 2015 to 2020. Total of 3538 individuals who underwent health screening were included in this study. Baseline characteristics of the 315 participants diagnosed with metabolic syndrome and 3222 participants without metabolic syndrome. This is a machine learning approach to identify metabolic syndrome using biochemical values and lifestyle habits. We found that the F1 score for detection of metabolic syndrome by neural network is the most accurate and higher compared to other models. Our study also identified some new indicators, including heart rhythm, RBC, WBC, Hb, and uric acid, as candidates for better detection of metabolic syndrome.

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Performance of the Large-Sized Telescope prototype of the Cherenkov Telescope Array 38

Performance of the Large-Sized Telescope prototype of the Ch...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Morcuende, D. López-Coto, R. Moralejo, A. Nozaki, S. Vuillaume, T. Abe, K. Abe, S. Aguasca-Cabot, A. Agudo, I. Alvarez Crespo, N. Antonelli, L.A. Aramo, C. Arbet-Engels, A. Arcaro, C. Artero, M. Asano, K. Aubert, P. Baktash, A. Bamba, A. Baquero Larriva, A. Baroncelli, L. Barres de Almeida, U. Barrio, J.A. Batkovic, I. Baxter, J. Becerra González, J. Bernardini, E. Bernardos, M.I. Bernete Medrano, J. Berti, A. Bhattacharjee, P. Biederbeck, N. Bigongiari, C. Bissaldi, E. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bordas, P. Bulgarelli, A. Burelli, I. Burmistrov, L. Buscemi, M. Cardillo, M. Caroff, S. Carosi, A. Carrasco, M.S. Cassol, F. Cauz, D. Cerasole, D. Ceribella, G. Chai, Y. Cheng, K. Chiavassa, A. Chikawa, M. Chytka, L. Cifuentes, A. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Costantini, H. Dalchenko, M. Dazzi, F. De Angelis, A. de Bony de Lavergne, M. De Lotto, B. De Lucia, M. de Menezes, R. Del Peral, L. Deleglise, G. Delgado, C. Delgado Mengual, J. della Volpe, D. Dellaiera, M. Di Piano, A. Di Pierro, F. Di Pilato, A. Di Tria, R. Di Venere, L. Díaz, C. Dominik, R.M. Dominis Prester, D. Donini, A. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Eisenberger, L. Elsässer, D. Emery, G. Escudero, J. Fallah Ramazani, V. Ferrara, G. Ferrarotto, F. Fiasson, A. Foffano, L. Freixas Coromina, L. Fröse, S. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. Garcia, E. Garcia López, R. Gasbarra, C. Gasparrini, D. Geyer, D. Giesbrecht Paiva, J. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinovic, N. Grau, R. Green, J. Green, D. Gunji, S. Günther, P. Hackfeld, J. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Hashiyama, K. Hassan, T. Hayashi, K. Heckmann, L. Heller, M. Herrera Llorente, J. Hirotani, K. Hoffmann, D. Horns, D. Houles, J. Hrabovsky, M. Hrupec, D. Hui, D. Hütten, M. Iarlori, M. Imazawa, R. Inada, T. Inome, Y. Ioka, K. Iori, M. Ishio, K. Jimenez Martinez, I. Jurysek, J. Kagaya, M. Karas, V. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kerszberg, D. Kobayashi, Y. Kohri, K. Kong, A. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Lainez, M. Lamanna, G. Lamastra, A. Le Flour, T. Linhoff, M. Longo, F. López-Oramas, A. IPARCOS-UCM Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos EMFTEL Department Universidad Complutense de Madrid MadridE-28040 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB Bellaterra Barcelona08193 Spain Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Föhringer Ring 6 München80805 Germany Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules IN2P3 Annecy74000 France Department of Physics Tokai University Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Japan Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica Institut de Ciències del Cosmos Universitat de Barcelona IEEC-UB Spain EMFTEL department IPARCOS Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spain INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Università degli Studi di Padova Italy Universität Hamburg Institut für Experimentalphysik Germany Graduate School of Science University of Tokyo Japan Universidad del Azuay Ecuador INAF Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna Italy Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas Brazil Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Departamento de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Spain CIEMAT Spain Department of Physics TU Dortmund University Germany INFN Sezione di Bari Politecnico di Bari Italy INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera Italy INFN Sezione di Trieste Università degli Studi di Udine Italy University of Geneva Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire Switzerland INFN Sezione di Catania Italy Italy Aix Marseille Univ CNRS IN2P3 CPPM France INFN Sezione di Bari Università di Bari Italy INFN Sezione di Torino Italy Palacky University Olomouc Faculty of Science Czech Republic University of Alcalá UAH Spain Port d’Informació Científica Spain University of Rijeka Department of Physics Croatia Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Universität W

The next-generation ground-based gamma-ray Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) will consist of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) of three different sizes distributed in two sites. The Large-Sized Telescopes will cover the low-energy end of the CTA energy range, starting at about 20 GeV. After its first years of operation at the CTA northern site, the Large-Sized Telescope prototype (LST-1) is in the final stage of its commissioning phase, having collected a significant amount of scientific data to date. In this contribution, we present the physics performance of the telescope using low-zenith Crab Nebula observations and Monte Carlo simulations fine-tuned accordingly. We show performance figures of merit such as the energy threshold, effective area, energy and angular resolution, and sensitivity based on the standard Hillas-parameters approach and following the source-independent and dependent analysis methods. The analysis threshold is estimated at 30 GeV. The energy resolution is around 30%, and the angular resolution is 0.3 degrees at 100 GeV. The best integral sensitivity of LST-1 is about 1.1% of the Crab Nebula flux above 250 GeV for 50 hours of observations. We also show the spectral energy distribution and light curve from Crab Nebula observations, which agree with results from other IACTs and link smoothly with Fermi-LAT when considering statistical and systematic uncertainties near the energy threshold. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Shellfish

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Design and Performance Evaluation of a P4 based Load Balancer 8

Design and Performance Evaluation of a P4 based Load Balance...

引用

8th International Conference on Innovation, Communication and engineering, ICICE 2019

作者： Hsu, Shih-Jung Ke, Chih-Heng Chen, Yeong-Sheng Hung, Cheng-Feng Lo, Yu-Wen Master Degree Program of Computational Intelligence and Applications National Quemoy University Taiwan National Taipei University of Education Department of Computer Science Taiwan Master of Information Technology and Application National Quemoy University Taiwan National Quemoy University Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781728158396

Being increasingly dense and mature in layout, Internet has become an infrastructure for a state. The traditional single server can no longer bear the network traffic in rapid growth. For example, once the booking service for concert tickets is made available to the public, we are always prompted when clicking into the booking system that the server is busy. And when the system is finally restored normal, the tickets have been sold out. The load issue puzzling the ticket system also occurs in the transportation section every time when a long holiday is coming. Even though the system is updated on a yearly basis, net- work congestion still happens frequently. Therefore, there is still great space for the development of the ways and mechanisms of load balance in traditional multi-servers. Evaluation of the mech- anism and efficacy of load balance through P4Switch is proposed in this paper in the hope to achieve more efficient server load balance. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： loadbalance openflow p4switch sdn

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