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Real-time Weed Identification Using Machine Learning and Image Processing in Oil Palm Plantations

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental science 2022年第1期998卷

作者： Erick Firmansyah Teddy Suparyanto Alam Ahmad Hidayat Bens Pardamean Agricultural Engineering Department Institute of Agricultural STIPER Yogyakarta 55282 Indonesia Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480 Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program – Master of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480

The effectiveness and efficiency of the operation of oil palm plantations are considered to be the most crucial factor to develop the productivity and profitability of the palm oil business. One of the major obstacles for the plants to optimally produce crops based on their capacity is caused by the presence of noxious weeds in the plantation area. However, weed control via chemical processes may potentially harm the surrounding environment if it is not properly managed. Therefore, an automatic system to assist the farmers to identify and control the weeds is required to minimize harmful impacts on the environment. Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based systems provide powerful tools to perform such tasks. In this work, we aim for an ML-based system design to perform an automatic weed recognition task. The methodology can provide an effort for environmental sustainability in oil palm plantations. The weed identification involves the description, the local names, and tolerance class of the weeds as well as suggestions to control them. The flow of this work consists of weed and herbicide data acquisition, data labeling, model configurations, and data training. Further, the proposed system can be adopted as an android-based application in mobile devices that can deploy the trained model to predict weed category in both real-time and non-real-time tasks.

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Converting hydroponic effluent into high PUFA-rich biomass by mixotrophically cultivated microalga Chlorella sp. through light regulation for sustainable production of bioingredient and bioenergy

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Journal of Environmental Chemical engineering 2025年第3期13卷

作者： Nanthakrit Sriket Antira Wichaphian Apiwit Kamngoen Jeeraporn Pekkoh Wasu Pathom-aree Yupa Chromkaew Benjamas Cheirsilp Wageeporn Maneechote Yoong Kit Leong Sirasit Srinuanpan Master of Science Program in Applied Microbiology (International Program) Department of Biology Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Department of Biology Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Microbial Biorefinery and Biochemical Process Engineering Research Group Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Program of Biotechnology Faculty of Agro-Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand Office of Research Administration Office of the University Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Tunghai University Taichung 407 Taiwan

Currently, addressing global environmental challenges—particularly the management of nutrients and resource recovery from hydroponic effluent (HE)—is crucial for promoting sustainable agriculture and fostering circularity in the pursuit of a net-zero future. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of Chlorella sp. to convert HE into high-value biomass rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) under mixotrophic conditions with optimized light illumination. The results demonstrated that supplementing HE with half the concentration of commercial JM medium, and optimizing with blue light, a 16-hour light/8-hour dark photoperiod, and a light intensity of 50 µmol/m 2 /s resulted in a biomass production of 4.04 g/L, containing 16.81 % lipids and 34.04 % PUFAs. These conditions also achieved significant pollutant removal from HE, including 93.33 % nitrate reduction, 100 % ammonia removal, 99.08 % phosphate removal, and 92.68 % reduction in chemical oxygen demand. The nutritional profile of the fatty acids suggests potential applications in the functional ingredient sector, while their characteristics indicate strong potential as biodiesel feedstock, meeting international biodiesel fuel standards. Overall, this study presents an eco-friendly model for nutrient recovery from hydroponic effluent using Chlorella sp., promoting sustainable agriculture, reducing environmental impact, and contributing to bioresource innovation.

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Smart IoT CPO Storage Tank

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental science 2022年第1期998卷

作者： Rengga Arnalis Renjani Hermantoro Prima Okta Adi Nugraha Kartika Purwandari Teddy Suparyanto Bens Pardamean Department of Agricultural Engineering Institute of Agriculture STIPER Yogyakarta Indonesia 55281 Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480 Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480

Indonesia's crude palm oil (CPO) production from year to year continues to increase, at the end of 2020 it reached 17.35 million tons, up 3.6% from the previous year. Increasing production will result in more CPO stock and require good storage. The storage process that occurs is to maintain the temperature of the CPO so that the quality is not damaged. This temperature regulation is still done manually and raises the risk of work accidents. The purpose of this research is to create a temperature control system and automatic volume measurement that can be monitored from a smartphone. The manufacture of a control system used ESP8266 NodeMCu microcontroller, temperature sensor, proximity sensor, and 1000-Watt heater. programming used the Arduino IDE and C++. The result of this study was an IoT CPO Storage Tank design equipped with sensors and microcontrollers. The temperature was measured with the DS18B20 sensor had a data accuracy of 99.19% while the volume measured with the HC-SR04 sensor had an accuracy of 99.78%. Data obtained from the sensor could be seen through the Thingspeak application from a computer or smartphone.

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A Study of Eye Lens Radiation Dose Reduction During Head CT Scan Examination

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Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation sciences 2022年第4期53卷 S25-S25页

作者： Nur Istiqomah, Anisa Dewi, Sofie Nornalita Mufida, Widya Radiology Study Program Faculty of Health Sciences Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta Sleman DI Yogyakarta 55292 Indonesia Biomedical Engineering Program Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Depok West Java 16424 Indonesia Diagnostic Imaging Program Master of Applied Science Health Polytechnic of Semarang Semarang City Central Java 50268 Indonesia

BackgroundHead CT is the most frequently performed examination in every hospital in Indonesia. Considering of the large radiation dose of head CT produces and eye which is one of the most sensitive organs, radioprotection is should be done for every patient of head CT. The aim of this study is to determine the radiation dose of eye lens during head CT compared to the dose limit value determined by ICRP No. 87 of 2000 and provides recommendations for examination protocols that prioritize radiation protection in order to reducing eye lens radiation dose. MethodsRadiation dose measurement of eye lens were performed on 10 patient samples using two different scanograms for every 5 patients. The first five patients had a scanogram parallel to the Orbitomeatal line (OML) and the other 5 patients had a scanogram parallel to the Supraorbitomeatal line (SOML). Radiation dose measurement is done by placing the Thermoluminescent Dosimeter 100-chip on one of the patient's eyelid surfaces. The results of the radiation dose measurements are presented and compared with the standard dose CT scan according to ICRP No. 87 2000. ResultsThe research showed that the procedure using scanogram parallel to OML get eye lens radiation dose 53.889 mGy, 50.729 mGy, 60.407 mGy, 70.952 mGy, 70.952 mGy and the other procedure which is using scanogram parallel to SOML get eye lens radiation dose 7.265 mGy, 6.944 mGy, 8.747 mGy, 6.411 mGy, 6.944 mGy. ConclusionThe procedure using scanogram parallel to the OML produces a higher dose of eye lens and it exceeds the standard head CT eye lens dose according to ICRP No. 87 of 2000. While the another procedure using scanogram parallel to SOML produces a lower radiation dose. Head CT is advised to use a scanogram parallel to SOML to reduce the eye lens radiation dose.

关键词： Head CT scan Radiation Dose Orbitomeatal line Supraorbitomeatal line TLD

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The potential and prospect of biomass as primary energy in Indonesia

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental science 2021年第1期896卷

作者： A I D Lantasi Syafrudin Budiyono Master program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University

Energy is one of the needs to support daily human activities. Without energy, various activities such as industry, health, and household will be disrupted. Total energy consumption in Indonesia in 2018 reached 875 million barrels of oil equivalent (BOE), which was dominated by fuel oil. It illustrates that national energy consumption is still dominated by primary energy sources originating from fossil fuels. Various previous studies have suggested the environmental and health impacts of air pollution from burning fossil fuels. This article will briefly discuss biomass as a primary energy source based on the results of literature studies. The discussion section will discuss the environmental impacts of biomass utilization based on several scientific studies and the form of biomass utilization in Indonesia that has been carried out. As a follow-up to several scientific facts, it is necessary to mix other primary energy from new and renewable energy sources.

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Geospatial model of organophosphate insecticide residues in shallot land in Wanasari Sub-district, Brebes Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia 5

Geospatial model of organophosphate insecticide residues in ...

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5th International Conference on Energy, Environmental and Information System, ICENIS 2020

作者： Indratin Arief Budihardjo, Mochamad Helmi, Muhammad Master Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Departement of Environmental Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Oceanography Department Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Center of Coastal Rehabilitation and Disaster Mitigation Studies [CoREM Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute [IAERI Agriculture Agency of Idn Indonesia

Organophosphates are a group of chemicals that are still allowed to be used in Indonesia and much preferred by most farmers. Excessive usage of organophosphate is expected to contaminate the soil, water, plants, the environment and humans. This research was aimed to create the geospatial models of organophosphate insecticide residues which consist of Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon and Profenofos on farms of shallots production centers. The research was performed in the field of shallots production agriculture in Wanasari sub-district, Brebes Regency in March-June 2020. The extraction of multiresidue pesticides method used was the QuECheRS and the measurement of residues used the 2014 GC Shimadzu with Electron Capture Detector (ECD) which was carried out in the IAERI Laboratory. Meanwhile, the geospatial modeling of organophosphate insecticide residues was done by using the Spline Interpolation method in ArcGIS 10.4, which was carried out in Diponegoro University's CoREM laboratory. The analysis of soil samples taken from 44 sampling points showed that the Organophosphate insecticide Chlorpyrifos was at the level of © The Authors, published by EDP sciences, 2020.

关键词： Interpolation

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Analysis of water distribution system at Alang-Alang Lebar

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental science 2021年第1期930卷

作者： D I Kusumastuti A Gustira E P Wahono Civil Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Lampung University Bandar Lampung Civil Engineering Master of Science Program Faculty of Engineering Lampung University Bandar Lampung Indonesia

Municipal Waterworks Tirta Musi manages and supplies clean water to Palembang city. The distribution network system of Municipal Waterworks Tirta Musi is expected to distribute water sufficiently to all customers in the 18 districts this Municipal Waterworks serves. However, it was found that in Alang-alang Lebar service unit water was not delivered sufficiently. Moreover, Alang-alang Lebar service unit plans to improve the service so that the system will serve increasing customers until the next 20 years. This study aims to analyze the water distribution system to find the cause of insufficient water in Alang-Alang Lebar; predicting the number of customers in the next 20 years, and propose some improvements in the distribution system. A computer program EPANET was used to conduct the simulations on pipe networks. Data required for hydraulic analysis using EPANET was obtained from Municipal Waterworks Tirta Musi. The result shows that head pressure was the main problem in Alang-Alang Lebar. Adding discharge of pump reservoir, enlarging pipe diameters in some parts will improve the distribution performance. The proposed design of the distribution system will be able to deliver water for the next 20 years with an increasing number of the customer.

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Reverse application of the Andrews protocol for assessing risks in a hypothetical nuclear accident

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nuclear engineering and Design 2025年 441卷

作者： Angelica C. Nogueira Hugo F. Menossi Rafael M. Hespanhol Andre C. Tavares Rodrigo C. Curzio Tercio Brum Edson R. Andrade Nuclear Engineering Graduate Program Military Institute of Engineering (IME) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE) São Paulo Brazil Engineering Department Charleston Southern University North Charleston SC USA Herschend School of Education Gordon College Wenham MA USA Defense Engineering Graduate Program Military Institute of Engineering (IME) Rio de Janeiro Brazil University of Brasilia (UnB) Faculty of Science and Technology in Engineering Gama Distrito Federal Brazil Institute of Advanced Studies (IEAv) Brazilian Air Force São Paulo Brazil

This study introduces a novel approach to assessing radiobiological damage by employing an inverted version of the classical Andrews protocol (or Andrews nomogram) within the context of nuclear accidents. The methodology consists of two stages of computational simulation: The first stage simulates the release of radioactive materials from a pressurized water reactor (PWR), concentrating on scenarios of operational instability. In contrast, the second stage utilizes HotSpot Health Physics software to model the environmental dispersion of these materials. By estimating Total Effective Dose Equivalents (TEDE) at various locations and under different atmospheric stability conditions, we reverse the traditional sequence of the Andrews nomogram, which typically estimates lymphocyte counts based on radiation dose exposure. This innovative framework facilitates the development of a TEDE versus a Count curve, thereby enhancing the ability to anticipate the health implications following radiological incidents. The results highlight the importance of accurate modeling in predicting biological effects on populations exposed to radioactive releases and provide a tool to support responses and help design coping strategies enhancing the situational awareness of healthcare teams in nuclear emergencies.

关键词： Andrews curves Computational simulation nuclear accident Response support

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CCL5 Protects Cortical Neuron Function by Regulating M2 Microglia Activation After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Tsai, Yih-Jeng Ho, Man-Hau Yen, Chia-Hung Wang, Jia-Yi Burnouf, Thierry Chen, Chia-Yen Wang, Yun Chiang, Yung-Hsiao Hoffer, Barry J. Chou, Szu-Yi Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Shin Kong Wu HoSu Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan School of Medicine Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University National Health Research Institute Taiwan Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Biological Science and Technology National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Neipu Pingtung91201 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Department of Neurosurgery Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei11031 Taiwan Neuroscience Research Center Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan NeuroTMULille International Laboratory Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan International PhD Program in Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Brain and Consciousness Research Centre TMU Shuang Ho Hospital New Taipei City Taiwan Center for Neuropsychiatric Research National Health Research Institutes Zhunan Miaoli County Taiwan Department of Surgery School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University 11031 Taiwan Department of Neurosurgery Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine ClevelandOH United States Scientist Emeritus National Institutes of Health United States International Master Program in Medical Neuroscience College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan

Cytokines and chemokines play important roles in inflammation and repair following brain injury. M1 microglia are pro-inflammatory which produce cytokines and lead to neural injury;in contrast, M2 microglia are anti-inflammatory, release neurotrophic factors, and promote neural repair processes. Chemokine CCL5, increased after TBI, shows a neuroprotective function by reducing oxidative stress. CCL5 may contribute to the balance between oxidative stress and immune responses after brain injury. Herein, we investigated the role of CCL5 in microglial polarization after mild traumatic brain injury, focusing on the cerebral cortex.C57BL/6 and CCL5 knockout (CCL5-KO) mice were given a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) using weight-drop. Neurological parameters such as motor and sensory functions were analyzed by mNSS score, accelerating rotarod, beam walking, and adhesive removal tests. Oxidative stress and neuron damage were measured by NADPH oxidase activity, hypoxyloprobe staining and FJC. Performance of motor and sensory functions in both WT and CCL5-KO mice were impaired after brain injury which recovered after 7 days-post-injury (dpi) in the WT group but only after 14 days in the CCL5-KO mouse group. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that pro-inflammation cytokines - IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 were higher in CCL5-KO mice compared to WT mice at 4 and 14 dpi. In contrast, M2-like microglia markers - IL-10 and Agr-1 were increased in WT mouse cortical tissue at 4 dpi. Oxidative stress increased both M1 and M2- related cytokine expression in BV2 cells treated with H 2 O 2;CCL5 treatment increased M2- but suppressed M1- related cytokine gene activation. Intranasal delivery of CCL5 reduced neuronal oxidative stress, increased IL-10 expression and improved motor and sensory functions in CCL5-KO mice after brain *** summary, CCL5, which alters immune responses and protects neurons from TBI damage, has an important function in regulating M2-like microglial polarization during post-

关键词： Polarization

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Coordination-driven mixing behavior of corrosion and fission products in NaCl-UCl₃ molten salt

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Journal of nuclear Materials 2025年 615卷

作者： Gaoxue Wang Bo Li Ping Yang Theodore M. Besmann David A. Andersson Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory P.O. Box 1663 Los Alamos NM 87545 USA Nuclear Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA Materials Science and Technology Division Los Alamos National Laboratory P.O. Box 1663 Los Alamos NM 87545 USA

Molten salts play a crucial role in Generation IV nuclear energy technology, with chloride salts like NaCl-UCl 3 garnering significant attention due to their distinctive properties and potential applications in fast-spectrum molten salt reactors (MSRs). The corrosive nature of molten salts can cause the dissolution of structural materials, leading to the formation of new species in molten chlorides. In addition, the radioactive decay of nuclear fuels results in the accumulation of fission products in the salts. Understanding the behavior of these corrosion and fission products and their impacts on the properties of molten salts is critical for the design of MSRs. This paper presents a systematic study on the properties of eutectic NaCl-UCl 3 molten salt in the presence of corrosion products (CrCl 2 and CrCl 3 ) and fission products (CsCl and SrCl 2 ) utilizing ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. We focus on essential structural and thermophysical properties such as density, mixing energy, coordination numbers (CN), and Radial Distribution Functions (RDF) with varying compositions of these corrosion and fission products from 0 % to 15.8 %. It is found that the mixing behavior of these corrosion and fission products is strongly driven by their coordination chemistry in eutectic NaCl-UCl 3 . Both CrCl 2 and SrCl 2 have identical coordination to eutectic NaCl-UCl 3 , thus exhibit negative mixing energies at a lower concentration. In contrast, CsCl exhibits significant different coordination compared to NaCl-UCl 3 , resulting to positive mixing energies. Our results offer valuable insights into the coordination chemistry and mixing behavior of corrosion and fission products in chloride molten salts and provide essential data that can be used as input to property databases to supplement experimental data.

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