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37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021

作者： Acciari, V.A. Ansoldi, S. Antonelli, L.A. Arbet Engels, A. Artero, M. Asano, K. Baack, D. Babić, A. Baquero, A. Barres de Almeida, U. Barrio, J.A. Batković, I. Becerra González, J. Bednarek, W. Bellizzi, L. Bernardini, E. Bernardos, M. Berti, A. Besenrieder, J. Bhattacharyya, W. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bökenkamp, H. Bonnoli, G. Bošnjak, Ž. Busetto, G. Carosi, R. Ceribella, G. Cerruti, M. Chai, Y. Chilingarian, A. Cikota, S. Colak, S.M. Colombo, E. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. D'Amico, G. D'Elia, V. Da Vela, P. Dazzi, F. De Angelis, A. De Lotto, B. Delfino, M. Delgado, J. Delgado Mendez, C. Depaoli, D. Di Pierro, F. Di Venere, L. Do Souto Espiñeira, E. Dominis Prester, D. Donini, A. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Elsaesser, D. Fallah Ramazani, V. Fattorini, A. Fonseca, M.V. Font, L. Fruck, C. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. García López, R.J. Garczarczyk, M. Gasparyan, S. Gaug, M. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinović, N. Green, J.G. Green, D. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Heckmann, L. Herrera, J. Hoang, J. Hrupec, D. Hütten, M. Inada, T. Ishio, K. Iwamura, Y. Jiménez Martínez, I. Jormanainen, J. Jouvin, L. Karjalainen, M. Kerszberg, D. Kobayashi, Y. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Lamastra, A. Lelas, D. Leone, F. Lindfors, E. Linhoff, L. Lombardi, S. Longo, F. López-Coto, R. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Loporchio, S. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B. Maggio, C. Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, M. Maneva, G. Manganaro, M. Mannheim, K. Maraschi, L. Mariotti, M. Martínez, M. Mazin, D. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Mićanović, S. Miceli, D. Miener, T. Miranda, J.M. Mirzoyan, R. Molina, E. Moralejo, A. Morcuende, D. Moreno, V. Moretti, E. Nakamori, T. Nava, L. Neustroev, V. Nigro, C. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, K. Nozaki, S. Ohtani, Y. Oka, T. Otero-Santos, J. Paiano, S. Palatiello, M. Paneque, D. Paoletti, R. Paredes, J.M. Pavletić, L. Peñil, P. Persic, M. Pihet, M. Prada Moroni, P.G. Prandini, E. Priyadarshi, C. Puljak, I. Rhode, W. Ribó, M. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Dpto. de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna La Laguna TenerifeE-38200 Spain Università di Udine INFN Trieste UdineI-33100 Italy RomeI-00136 Italy ETH Zürich ZürichCH-8093 Switzerland Bellaterra BarcelonaE-08193 Spain The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Technische Universität Dortmund DortmundD-44221 Germany Zagreb10000 Croatia IPARCOS Institute EMFTEL Department Universidad Complutense de Madrid MadridE-28040 Spain URCA RJ Rio de Janeiro22290-180 Brazil Università di Padova INFN PadovaI-35131 Italy University of Lodz Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics Department of Astrophysics Lodz90-236 Poland Università di Siena INFN Pisa SienaI-53100 Italy ZeuthenD-15738 Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Physik MünchenD-80805 Germany Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain Università di Pisa INFN Pisa PisaI-56126 Italy Universitat de Barcelona ICCUB IEEC-UB BarcelonaE-08028 Spain A. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory Yerevan0036 Armenia Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas MadridE-28040 Spain INFN Sezione di Torino Università degli Studi di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy INFN Sezione di Bari Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica Università e del Politecnico di Bari BariI-70125 Italy University of Rijeka Department of Physics Rijeka51000 Croatia Universität Würzburg WürzburgD-97074 Germany Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO University of Turku TurkuFI-20014 Finland Departament de Física CERES-IEEC Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona BellaterraE-08193 Spain Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8526 Japan ICRANet-Armenia NAS RA Yerevan0019 Armenia Split21000 Croatia Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Department of Physics Osijek31000 Croatia Department of Physics Kyoto University Kyoto

The origin of Galactic Cosmic rays (GCRs), whose spectrum extends to PeV energies, is one of the longest-standing problems in astroparticle physics. One of the main sources of GCRs are regarded to be Supernova remnants (SNRs). While SNRs are known to accelerate protons, so far there is no evidence that SNRs can accelerate CRs to PeV energies. Providing that 10% of the parent Cosmic ray energy is converted to gamma rays, the gamma-ray spectrum extending up to 100 TeV would be a signature of a so-called Galactic PeVatron, an object responsible for the production of protons up to the knee of the Cosmic ray spectrum. The current multi-wavelength data indicate that HESS J1809-193 is one of the most promising Galactic PeVatron candidates. So far, no firm identification on the source nature has been established as there are several possible counterparts at lower energies;one of them being SNR G11.00.0. We report here the results of an observational campaign performed by the MAGIC telescopes on HESS J1809-193 since 2019 in the very-high-energy gamma-ray domain (E>100 GeV). The data were obtained with the Very Large Zenith Angle (VLZA) technique, which increased the collection area significantly to about one square kilometer. We used 60 hours of collected VLZA data to explore the spectrum and the morphology of the source at energies above several TeV. © 2022 Sissa Medialab Srl. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cosmology

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First follow-up of transient events with the CTA Large Size Telescope prototype

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Carosi, Alessandro Ashkar, Halim Berti, Alessio Bordas, Pol de Bony Lavergne, Mathieu Donini, Alice Dalchenko, Mykhailo Fiasson, Armand Foffano, Luca Fukami, Satoshi Kobayshi, Yukiho Longo, Francesco Noda, Koji Sanchez, David Seglar-Arroyo, Monica Schüssler, Fabian Vuillaume, Thomas Abe, H. Aguasca, A. Agudo, I. Antonelli, L.A. Aramo, C. Armstrong, T. Artero, M. Asano, K. Ashkar, H. Aubert, P. Baktash, A. Bamba, A. Baquero Larriva, A. Baroncelli, L. Barres de Almeida, U. Barrio, J.A. Batkovic, I. Becerra González, J. Bernardos, M.I. Berti, A. Biederbeck, N. Bigongiari, C. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bordas, P. Bose, D. Bulgarelli, A. Burelli, I. Buscemi, M. Cardillo, M. Caroff, S. Carosi, A. Cassol, F. Cerruti, M. Chai, Y. Cheng, K. Chikawa, M. Chytka, L. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Costantini, H. Dalchenko, M. de Angelis, A. de Bony de Lavergne, M. Deleglise, G. Delgado, C. Delgado Mengual, J. della Volpe, D. Depaoli, D. Di Pierro, F. Di Venere, L. Díaz, C. Dominik, R.M. Dominis Prester, D. Donini, A. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Elsässer, D. Emery, G. Escudero, J. Fiasson, A. Foffano, L. Fonseca, M.V. Freixas Coromina, L. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. Garcia, E. Garcia López, R. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinovic, N. Green, D. Grespan, P. Gunji, S. Hackfeld, J. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Hassan, T. Hayashi, K. Heckmann, L. Heller, M. Herrera Llorente, J. Hirotani, K. Hoffmann, D. Horns, D. Houles, J. Hrabovsky, M. Hrupec, D. Hui, D. Hütten, M. Inada, T. Inome, Y. Iori, M. Ishio, K. Iwamura, Y. Jacquemont, M. Jimenez Martinez, I. Jouvin, L. Jurysek, J. Kagaya, M. Karas, V. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kerszberg, D. Kobayashi, Y. Kong, A. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Lamanna, G. Lamastra, A. Le Flour, T. Longo, F. López-Coto, R. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Luque-Escamilla, P.L. Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Mandat, D. Manganaro, M. Mannheim, K. Mariotti, M. Marquez, P. Marsella, G. Martí, J. Martinez, O. Martínez, G. Martínez, M. Marusevec, P. Mas, A. Maurin, G. Mazin, D. Mestre Guillen, E. DPNC – University of Geneva 24 quai Ernest Ansermet Genève 4CH1211 Switzerland IRFU/DPhP CEA Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-YvetteF-91191 France Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Föhringer Ring 6 München80805 Germany IEEC-UB Barcelona08028 Spain LAPP Université de Savoie Mont-Blanc CNRS/IN2P3 Annecy74941 France Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Bellaterra Spain Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica Institut de Ciències del Cosmos Universitat de Barcelona IEEC-UB Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma INFN Sezione di Napoli Aix Marseille Univ CNRS/IN2P3 CPPM The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology IRFU CEA Université Paris-Saclay LAPP Univ. Grenoble Alpes Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS-IN2P3 Annecy France Universität Hamburg Institut für Experimentalphysik Graduate School of Science University of Tokyo EMFTEL department IPARCOS Universidad Complutense de Madrid INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas INFN Sezione di Padova Università degli Studi di Padova Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Departamento de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Department of Physics TU Dortmund University Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics INFN Sezione di Trieste Università degli Studi di Udine INFN Sezione di Catania University of Geneva Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire Palacky University Olomouc Faculty of Science CIEMAT Port d’Informació Científica INFN Sezione di Torino Dipartimento di Fisica - Universitá degli Studi di Torino INFN Sezione di Bari Università di Bari University of Rijeka Department of Physics Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Universität Würzburg Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Scien

The recent detection of a very high energy (VHE) emission from Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) above 100 GeV performed by the MAGIC and H.E.S.S. collaborations, has represented a significant, long-awaited result for the VHE astrophysics community. Although these results’ scientific impact has not yet been fully exploited, the possibility to detect VHE gamma-ray signals from GRBs has always been considered crucial for clarifying the poorly known physics of these objects. Furthermore, the discovery of high-energy neutrinos and gravitational waves associated with astrophysical sources have definitively opened the era of multi-messenger astrophysics, providing unique insights into the physics of extreme cosmic accelerators. In the near future, the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will play a major role in these observations. Within this framework, the Large Size Telescopes (LSTs) will be the instruments best suited to significantly impact on short time-scale transients follow-up thanks to their fast slewing and large effective area. The observations of the early emission phase of a wide range of transient events with good sensitivity below 100 GeV will allow us to open new opportunities for time-domain astrophysics in an energy range not affected by selective absorption processes typical of other wavelengths. In this contribution, we will report about the observational program and first transients follow-up observations performed by the LST-1 telescope currently in its commissioning phase on La Palma, Canary Islands, the CTA northern hemisphere site. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Telescopes

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Physics performance of the large-sized telescope prototype of the cherenkov telescope array

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： López-Coto, R. Moralejo, A. Artero, M. Baquero, A. Bernardos, M. Contreras, J.L. Di Pierro, F. García, E. Kerszberg, D. López-Moya, M. MasAguilar, A. Morcuende, D. Noethe, M. Nozaki, S. Ohtani, Y. Priyadarshi, C. Suda, Y. Vuillaume, T. Abe, H. Aguasca, A. Agudo, I. Antonelli, L.A. Aramo, C. Armstrong, T. Artero, M. Asano, K. Ashkar, H. Aubert, P. Baktash, A. Bamba, A. Larriva, A. Baquero Baroncelli, L. de Almeida, U. Barres Barrio, J.A. Batkovic, I. González, J. Becerra Bernardos, M.I. Berti, A. Biederbeck, N. Bigongiari, C. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bordas, P. Bose, D. Bulgarelli, A. Burelli, I. Buscemi, M. Cardillo, M. Caroff, S. Carosi, A. Cassol, F. Cerruti, M. Chai, Y. Cheng, K. Chikawa, M. Chytka, L. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Costantini, H. Dalchenko, M. de Angelis, A. de Bony de Lavergne, M. Deleglise, G. Delgado, C. Delgado Mengual, J. della Volpe, D. Depaoli, D. Di Venere, L. Díaz, C. Dominik, R.M. Dominis Prester, D. Donini, A. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Elsässer, D. Emery, G. Escudero, J. Fiasson, A. Foffano, L. Fonseca, M.V. Coromina, L. Freixas Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. Garcia, E. Garcia López, R. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinovic, N. Green, D. Grespan, P. Gunji, S. Hackfeld, J. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Hassan, T. Hayashi, lo K. Heckmann, L. Heller, M. Llorente, J. Herrera Hirotani, K. Hoffmann, D. Horns, D. Houles, J. Hrabovsky, M. Hrupec, D. Hui, D. Hütten, M. Inada, T. Inome, Y. Iori, M. Ishio, K. Iwamura, Y. Jacquemont, M. Martinez, I. Jimenez Jouvin, L. Jurysek, J. Kagaya, M. Karas, V. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kerszberg, D. Kobayashi, Y. Kong, A. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Lamanna, G. Lamastra, A. Le Flour, T. Longo, F. López-Coto, R. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Luque-Escamilla, P.L. Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Mandat, D. Manganaro, M. Mannheim, K. Mariotti, M. Marquez, P. Marsella, G. Martí, J. Martinez, O. Martínez, G. Martínez, M. Marusevec, P. Mas, A. Maurin, G. Mazin, D. Guillen, E. Mestre Micanovic, S. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova PadovaI-35131 Italy Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía CSIC Granada18080 Spain 08193 Spain IPARCOS Department of EMFTEL Universidad Complutense de Madrid MadridE-28040 Spain Università degli Studi di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Torino via P. Giuria 1 Torino10125 Italy LAPP Univ. Grenoble Alpes Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS-IN2P3 Annecy74000 France 9 Chemin de Bellevue - BP 110 Annecy Cedex74941 France Department of Physics TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Str. 4 Dortmund44221 Germany Division of Physics and Astronomy Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyoku Kyoto606-8502 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Max-Planck-Institut für Physik München80805 Germany Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica Institut de Ciències del Cosmos Universitat de Barcelona IEEC-UB Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma INFN Sezione di Napoli Aix Marseille Univ CNRS/IN2P3 CPPM Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology IRFU CEA Université Paris-Saclay LAPP Univ. Grenoble Alpes Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS-IN2P3 Annecy France Universität Hamburg Institut für Experimentalphysik Graduate School of Science University of Tokyo EMFTEL department IPARCOS Universidad Complutense de Madrid INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas INFN Sezione di Padova Università degli Studi di Padova Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Departamento de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Department of Physics TU Dortmund University Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics INFN Sezione di Trieste Università degli Studi di Udine INFN Sezione di Catania University of Geneva Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire P

The Large-Sized Telescope (LST) prototype of the future Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is located at the Northern site of CTA, on the Canary Island of La Palma. It is designed to provide optimal performance in the lowest part of the energy range covered by CTA, observing gamma rays down to energies of tens of GeV. The LST prototype started performing astronomical observations in November 2019 during the commissioning of the telescope and it has been taking data since then. In this contribution, we will present the tuning of the characteristics of the telescope in the Monte Carlo (MC) simulations to describe the data obtained, the estimation of its angular and energy resolution, and an evaluation of its sensitivity, both with simulations and with observations of the Crab Nebula. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Telescopes

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Changing life expectancy in European countries 1990–2021: a subanalysis of causes and risk factors from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet Public Health 2025年第3期10卷 e172-e188页

作者： Steel, Nicholas Bauer-Staeb, Clarissa Maria Mercedes Ford, John A. Abbafati, Cristiana Abdalla, Mohammed Altigani Abdelkader, Atef Abdi, Parsa Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Abiodun, Olugbenga Olusola Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abukhadijah, Hana J. Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Addo, Isaac Yeboah Addolorato, Giovanni Adekanmbi, Victor Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther Agardh, Emilie E. Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahmad, Danish Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Syed Anees Akinosoglou, Karolina Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed Al Awaidy, Salah Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz Al Zaabi, Omar Ali Mohammed Aldridge, Robert W. Algammal, Abdelazeem M. Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Abid Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Waad Alicandro, Gianfranco Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Al-Jumaily, Adel Allebeck, Peter Alrawashdeh, Ahmad Al-Rifai, Rami H. Alsabri, Mohammed A. Alshahrani, Najim Z. Aluh, Deborah Oyine Al-Wardat, Mohammad Al-Zyoud, Walid A. Amiri, Sohrab Anderlini, Deanna Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anil, Abhishek Anvari, Saeid Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Aquilano, Michele Arabloo, Jalal Arafat, Mosab Areda, Demelash Aremu, Abdulfatai Armani, Keivan Armocida, Benedetta Ärnlöv, Johan Asaduzzaman, Muhammad Astell-Burt, Thomas Aujayeb, Avinash Ausloos, Marcel Azadnajafabad, Sina Aziz, Shahkaar Azzam, Ahmed Y. Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah Badache, Andreea Corina Badiye, Ashish D. Bahramian, Saeed Baig, Atif Amin Baker, Jennifer L. Bansal, Hansi Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barrow, Amadou Barteit, Sandra Bashir, Shahid Bashiru, Hameed Akande Basso, João Diogo Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi Basu, Sanjay Batra, Kavita Bauckneht, Matteo Baune, Bernhard T. Beghi, Massimiliano Beiranvand, Maryam Béjot, Yannick Bell, Michelle L. Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Belo, Luis Beloukas, Apostolos Beneke, Alice A. Bettencourt, Paulo J.G. Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhala, Neeraj Bhaskar, Sonu Bisulli, Francesca Bjørge, Tone Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan Carvajal, Alejandro Botero Bouaoud, Souad Brayne, Carol Brenner, H Department of Primary Care and Public Health University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom Office for Health Improvement and Disparities Department of Health and Social Care London United Kingdom Department of Legal and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Rome Italy Hull York Medical School University of Hull Hull United Kingdom Department of Mathematics and Sciences Ajman University Ajman United Arab Emirates Department of Medicine Memorial University St. John's NL Canada Postgraduate Department University of Sierra Sur Miahuatlan de Porfirio Diaz Mexico Yhteiskuntadatatieteen keskus (Centre for Social Data Science) Helsinki Finland Department of Internal Medicine Federal Medical Centre Abuja Nigeria Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet (Karolinska Institute) Stockholm Sweden Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy University of Jordan Amman Jordan Medical Research Center Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh Saudi Arabia College of Graduate Health Sciences University of Tennessee Memphis TN United States School of Medicine Sydney NSW Australia Centre for Social Research in Health University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia Internal Medicine and Alcohol Related Disease Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Università Cattolica di Roma (Catholic University of Rome) Rome Italy Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX United States Department of Biochemistry Osun State University Osogbo Nigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Medical Sciences Ondo Ondo Nigeria Department of Veteri

Background: Decades of steady improvements in life expectancy in Europe slowed down from around 2011, well before the COVID-19 pandemic, for reasons which remain disputed. We aimed to assess how changes in risk factors and cause-specific death rates in different European countries related to changes in life expectancy in those countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used data and methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to compare changes in life expectancy at birth, causes of death, and population exposure to risk factors in 16 European Economic Area countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden) and the four UK nations (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales) for three time periods: 1990–2011, 2011–19, and 2019–21. Changes in life expectancy and causes of death were estimated with an established life expectancy cause-specific decomposition method, and compared with summary exposure values of risk factors for the major causes of death influencing life expectancy. Findings: All countries showed mean annual improvements in life expectancy in both 1990–2011 (overall mean 0·23 years [95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0·23 to 0·24]) and 2011–19 (overall mean 0·15 years [0·13 to 0·16]). The rate of improvement was lower in 2011–19 than in 1990–2011 in all countries except for Norway, where the mean annual increase in life expectancy rose from 0·21 years (95% UI 0·20 to 0·22) in 1990–2011 to 0·23 years (0·21 to 0·26) in 2011–19 (difference of 0·03 years). In other countries, the difference in mean annual improvement between these periods ranged from –0·01 years in Iceland (0·19 years [95% UI 0·16 to 0·21] vs 0·18 years [0·09 to 0·26]), to –0·18 years in England (0·25 years [0·24 to 0·25] vs 0·07 years [0·06 to 0·08]). In 2019–21, there was an overall decrease in mean annual life expectancy a

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MAGIC and H.E.S.S. detect VHE gamma rays from the blazar OT 081 for the first time: a deep multiwavelength study 37

MAGIC and H.E.S.S. detect VHE gamma rays from the blazar OT ...

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37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021

作者： Seglar-Arroyo, M. Sanchez, D. Esteban Gutierrez, A. Agudo, I. Ciprini, S. Filippenko, A.V. Hovatta, T. Jermak, H. Kopatskaya, E.N. Lähteenmäki, A. Larionov, V.M. Larionova, L.V. Morozova, D.A. Pahljina, M. Tornikoski, M. Troitsky, I. Verrecchia, F. Xiao, H.B. Zheng, W. Acciari, V.A. Ansoldi, S. Antonelli, L.A. Arbet Engels, A. Artero, M. Asano, K. Baack, D. Babić, A. Baquero, A. Barres de Almeida, U. Barrio, J.A. Batković, I. Becerra González, J. Bednarek, W. Bellizzi, L. Bernardini, E. Bernardos, M. Berti, A. Besenrieder, J. Bhattacharyya, W. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bökenkamp, H. Bonnoli, G. Bošnjak, Ž. Busetto, G. Carosi, R. Ceribella, G. Cerruti, M. Chai, Y. Chilingarian, A. Cikota, S. Colak, S.M. Colombo, E. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. D'Amico, G. D'Elia, V. Da Vela, P. Dazzi, F. De Angelis, A. De Lotto, B. Delfino, M. Delgado, J. Delgado Mendez, C. Depaoli, D. Di Pierro, F. Di Venere, L. Do Souto Espiñeira, E. Dominis Prester, D. Donini, A. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Elsaesser, D. Fallah Ramazani, V. Fattorini, A. Fonseca, M.V. Font, L. Fruck, C. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. García López, R.J. Garczarczyk, M. Gasparyan, S. Gaug, M. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinović, N. Green, J.G. Green, D. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Heckmann, L. Herrera, J. Hoang, J. Hrupec, D. Hütten, M. Inada, T. Ishio, K. Iwamura, Y. Jiménez Martínez, I. Jormanainen, J. Jouvin, L. Karjalainen, M. Kerszberg, D. Kobayashi, Y. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Lamastra, A. Lelas, D. Leone, F. Lindfors, E. Linhoff, L. Lombardi, S. Longo, F. López-Coto, R. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Loporchio, S. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B. Maggio, C. Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, M. Maneva, G. Manganaro, M. Mannheim, K. Maraschi, L. Mariotti, M. Martínez, M. Mazin, D. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Mićanović, S. Miceli, D. Miener, T. Miranda, J.M. Mirzoyan, R. Molina, E. Moralejo, A. Morcuende, D. Moreno, V. Moretti, E. Nakamori, T. Nava, L. Neustroev, V. University of Rijeka Department of Physics Radmile Matejčić 2 Rijeka Croatia IRFU CEA Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-YvetteF-91191 France CNRS LAPP France CSIC Granada Spain Roma Tor Vergata Section RomeI-00133 Italy ASI Space Science Data Center RomeI-00133 Italy Department of Astronomy University of California BerkeleyCA94720-3411 United States Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Aalto University Tuorla observatory Finland Liverpool John Moores University United Kingdom St. Petersburg State University Russia Aalto University Finland INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma via Frascati 33 Monte Porzio CatoneI-00078 Italy Guangzhou University China Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Dpto. de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Tenerife La LagunaE-38200 Spain Università di Udine INFN Trieste UdineI-33100 Italy RomeI-00136 Italy ETH Zürich ZürichCH-8093 Switzerland E-08193 Spain The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Technische Universität Dortmund DortmundD-44221 Germany Zagreb10000 Croatia IPARCOS Institute EMFTEL Department Universidad Complutense de Madrid MadridE-28040 Spain URCA RJ Rio de Janeiro22290-180 Brazil Università di Padova INFN PadovaI-35131 Italy University of Lodz Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics Department of Astrophysics Lodz90-236 Poland Università di Siena INFN Pisa SienaI-53100 Italy ZeuthenD-15738 Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Physik MünchenD-80805 Germany Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain Università di Pisa INFN Pisa PisaI-56126 Italy Universitat de Barcelona ICCUB IEEC-UB BarcelonaE-08028 Spain Armenian MAGIC Group A. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory Yerevan0036 Armenia Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas MadridE-28040 Spain INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Torino Università d

OT 081 is a luminous blazar well known for its variability in many energy bands. The very-high-energy (VHE;E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission from the source was discovered by MAGIC and H.E.S.S. during flaring activity in July 2016, after a trigger from the Large Area Telescope (LAT) onboard the Fermi satellite. By analysing the multiwavelength light curves and the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED), we study the activity of the source and investigate four individual states of activity in the window from MJD 57575 to 57602. The intrinsic gamma-ray spectrum can be described by a power law with spectral indices of 3.27 ± 0.44 (MAGIC) and 3.39 ± 0.58 (H.E.S.S.) over energy ranges 60-300 GeV and 120-500 GeV, respectively. The combined contemporaneous high-energy (HE;E > 100 MeV) through VHE SED shows curvature and can be described by a log-parabola shape. A simple one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model is not sufficient to describe the broadband SED. The presence of broad emission lines in the optical spectrum of the source challenges the categorisation of OT 081 as a BL Lac and, together with the emission scenarios tested, points to the possibility that the source is transitional in nature between a BL Lac and a flat-spectrum radio quasar. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Germanium alloys

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Distribution, sources and ecological risk of trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from a polluted urban river in central Bangladesh

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Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management 2020年 14卷

作者： Khan, Rahat Islam, Md. Syful Tareq, Abu Rayhan Mohammad Naher, Kamrun Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Habib, Md. Ahosan Siddique, Md. Abu Bakar Islam, Mohammad Amirul Das, Sopan Rashid, Md. Bazlar Ullah, A. K. M. Atique Miah, Md. Moazzem Hossain Masrura, Sayeda Ummeh Bodrud-Doza, Md. Sarker, Mizanur Rahman Badruzzaman, Abu Borhan M Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission Savar 1349 Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Physics University of Chittagong Chittagong 4331 Bangladesh Chemistry Division Atomic Energy Centre Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission 1000 Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Disaster Management Begum Rokeya University Rangpur 5400 Bangladesh Geological Survey of Bangladesh Segunbaghicha 1000 Dhaka Bangladesh Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS) Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Dhanmondi 1205 Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Civil Engineering (Environmental) Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology 1000 Dhaka Bangladesh Climate change program BRAC 1000 Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Geological Sciences Jahangirnagar University Savar 1342 Dhaka Bangladesh

To assess the spatial and layer-wise distributions of 26 elements (Na, Al, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Sb, Co, Ba, Zn, Rb, Cs, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Yb, Ta, Hf, Th and U) as well as the spatial distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a polluted urban river (Turag, Bangladesh), benthic sediment samples from 11 different sampling stations were analyzed. Concentrations of Ti, Cr, Mn, Zn, Rb and Cs ranged from 2330 to 5490, 23–116, 186–4298, 34–7345, 77–186 and 2.19–12.0 μg.g⁻¹(dw), respectively, whereas concentrations of ∑PAHs ranged from 45.8 to 1901 with an average value of 432 μ***⁻¹(dw) in surface sediments. Geo-accumulation index, enrichment factor and pollution load index were used to assess the contamination level. Among the 26 elements, Zn is identified as the major elemental contaminant which shows significant layer-wise variations (RSDs: 21.7–221 %) at all sampling sites. Similarly, Cr, Mn, Ti, V, Fe and Co show layer-wise variation in some specific sampling sites which invokes variable contamination flux over the industrialization and/or urbanization period. Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation study ascertained several anthropogenic sources for heavy metal contaminations. Although rare earth elements (La, Ce, Sm, Eu and Yb) seem to have crustal origin, their layer-wise variations are assumed to represent the sediment response toward the pollution load. Integrated study based on the diagnostic ratios and PCA depicted that pyrolytic origins mostly govern the PAHs distributions. Sediments quality guidelines (SQGs) indicated that the highest potential ecological risks occurred for Zn and fluorene at some specific sampling sites. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Ecological risks Elemental distributions Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons The turag river sediments

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A compact exponential scheme for solving 1D unsteady convection-diffusion equation with neumann boundary conditions

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Fu, Yucheng Tian, Zhenfu Liu, Yang Nuclear Engineering Program Mechanical Engineering Department Virginia Tech 635 Prices Fork Road BlacksburgVA24061 Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science Fudan University Shanghai200433 China

In this paper, a high-order exponential scheme is developed to solve the 1D unsteady convection-diffusion equation with Neumann boundary conditions. The present method applies fourth-order compact exponential difference scheme in spatial discretization at all interior and boundary points. The Padé approximation is used for the discretization. The resulting scheme obtains fourth-order accuracy in both spatial and temporal discretization. In each iterative loop, the scheme corresponds to a strictly diagonally dominant tridiagonal matrix equation, which can be inverted by simple tridiagonal Gaussian decomposition. The developed scheme is proved numerically unconditionally stable for convection dominated problems. Four typical PDEs with Neumann boundary conditions are provided to verify the accuracy of the proposed scheme. The results are compared with analytical solutions and numerical results calculated by different numerical methods. It shows that the new scheme produces high accuracy solutions for all the test problems and it is more suitable for dealing with convection dominated problems. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Boundary conditions

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Comparison of Nutritional Risk Screening Tools for the Elderly

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Nutritional sciences Journal 2019年第4期43卷 121-130页

作者： Liu, Yu-Chen Hsu, Chien-Yeh Lee, Hsiu-An Ni, Po-Yuan Hsieh, Pei-Chun Chao, Jane C.-J. School of Nutrition and Health Sciences Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Information Management National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences Taipei Taiwan Master Program in Global Health and Development Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Tamkang University New Taipei Taiwan Health Promotion Administration Ministry of Health and Welfare Taiwan Nutrition Research Center Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Taiwan

Background: According to a report by the Ministry of the Interior, R.O.C. (Taiwan) in 2019, the elderly aged of 65 years in Taiwan had reached 14.62% of the population, and so Taiwan has officially become an aged society. The Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan in 2014～2016 (2014-2016 NAHSIT) also reported that the elderly had an imbalanced dietary intake from six food groups. Aim: By comparing the nutritional risk screening tools for the elderly in different countries, we attempted to understand commonly used nutritional screening tools and screening questions in these questionnaires as a reference for future development or revision of nutritional risk screening tools for the elderly in Taiwan. Methods: In order to understand the nutritional status of the elderly, this study collected nutritional risk screening tools from Taiwan, Japan, China, the USA, Canada, the UK, and Australia through literature reviews. We also analyzed anthropometric measurements, food intake, mobility, diseases, health status, and neuropsychological problems according to different nutritional risk screening tools. Results: The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), the MNA Short Form (MNA-SF), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), and Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) are commonly used in those countries. Questions about the body weight and food intake were most common. Conclusions: The most commonly used screening questions among international nutritional risk screening tools for the elderly were about body weight and food intake. An analysis of nutritional risk screening tools will be helpful in developing a suitable nutritional risk screening tool for Taiwan and therefore may provide appropriate nutritional support to the elderly with nutritional risks. © 2019 Nutrition Society in Taiwan. All rights reserved.

关键词： elderly nutritional assessment nutritional risk screening tools

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Proton-He3 elastic scattering at intermediate energies

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Physical Review C 2021年第4期103卷 044001-044001页

作者： A. Watanabe S. Nakai Y. Wada K. Sekiguchi A. Deltuva T. Akieda D. Etoh M. Inoue Y. Inoue K. Kawahara H. Kon K. Miki T. Mukai D. Sakai S. Shibuya Y. Shiokawa T. Taguchi H. Umetsu Y. Utsuki M. Watanabe S. Goto K. Hatanaka Y. Hirai T. Ino D. Inomoto A. Inoue S. Ishikawa M. Itoh H. Kanda H. Kasahara N. Kobayashi Y. Maeda S. Mitsumoto S. Nakamura K. Nonaka H. J. Ong H. Oshiro Y. Otake H. Sakai A. Taketani A. Tamii D. T. Tran T. Wakasa Y. Wakabayashi T. Wakui Department of Physics Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan Graduate Program on Physics for the Universe (GP-PU) Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy Vilnius University Saulėtekio al. 3 LT-10257 Vilnius Lithuania Department of Physics Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan Research Center for Nuclear Physics Osaka University Ibaraki 567-0047 Japan High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tsukuba 305-0801 Japan Science Research Center Hosei University Tokyo 102-8160 Japan Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan Faculty of Engineering University of Miyazaki Miyazaki 889-2192 Japan Institute of Modern Physics (IMP) Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics Wako 351-0198 Japan RIKEN Nishina Center Wako 351-0198 Japan National Institute of Radiological Science Chiba 263-8555 Japan

We present a precise measurement of the cross section, proton and He3 analyzing powers, and spin correlation coefficient Cy,y for p−He3 elastic scattering near 65 MeV, and a comparison with rigorous four-nucleon scattering calculations based on realistic nuclear potentials and a model with Δ-isobar excitation. Clear discrepancies are seen in some of the measured observables in the regime around the cross section minimum. Theoretical predictions using scaling relations between the calculated cross section and the He3 binding energy are not successful in reproducing the data. Large sensitivity to the NN potentials and rather small Δ-isobar effects in the calculated cross section are noticed as different features from those in the deuteron-proton elastic scattering. The results obtained above indicate that p−He3 scattering at intermediate energies is an excellent tool to explore nuclear interactions not accessible by three-nucleon scattering.

关键词： Few-body systems H & He induced nuclear reactions nuclear forces Nucleon-nucleon interactions Polarization phenomena

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A Whole Crow Search Algorithm for Solving Data Clustering

A Whole Crow Search Algorithm for Solving Data Clustering

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International Conference on Technologies and Applications of Artificial Intelligence (TAAI)

作者： Ze-Xue Wu Ko-Wei Huang Abba Suganda Girsang Department of Electrical Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung City Taiwan R.O.C Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program-Master of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia

Data clustering is a well-known data mining approach that usually used to minimizes the intra distance but maximizes inter distance of each data center. The cluster problem has been proved to be an NP-hard problem. In this paper, a hybrid algorithm based on Whole optimization algorithm (WOA) and Crow search algorithm (CSA) is proposed, namely HWCA. The HWCA algorithm has the advantages of the search strategy of the WOA and CSA. In addition to, there are two operators used to improve the quality of solution, namely hybrid individual operator and enhance diversity operator. The hybrid individual operator is used to exchanges individuals from the WOA and CSA systems by using the roulette wheel approach. In other hand, the HWCA performs enhance diversity operator to improve the quality of each system. More over, the HWCA is incorporated with center optimization strategy to enhance diversity of each system. In the performance evaluation, the proposed MPGO algorithm was comparison WOA and CSA algorithm with six well-known UCI benchmarks. The results show that the proposed algorithm has a higher measure of accuracy rate with comparison algorithms.

关键词： Clustering algorithms Optimization Whales Search problems Wheels Benchmark testing Random variables

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