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Food Waste to Bioenergy via Anaerobic Processes

Energy Procedia 2014年 61卷 307-312页

作者： Thi Ngoc Bao Dung Biswarup Sen Chin-Chao Chen Gopalakrishnan Kumar Chiu-Yue Lin Department of Environmental Engineering and Science Feng Chia University Taichung 40724 Taiwan Green Energy Development Centre Feng Chia University Taichung 40724 Taiwan Master's Program of Green Energy Science and Technology Feng Chia University Taichung 40724 Taiwan Department of Landscape Architecture ChungChou University of Science and Technology Changhua County 510 Taiwan Department of Environmental Engineering Daegu University Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 712-714 Republic of Korea

The value of food waste has not been paid much attention due to the lack of application policies and suitable management laws. In this paper the food waste management in the prospect of bioenergy production and the future directions has been reviewed. The official data in relation to food waste generation and current status of food waste management were collected from 21 countries. The bioenergy production potential of food wastes from these countries has been calculated by applying five different innovative methods of bioenergy production. The bioenergy potential based on anaerobic digestion for bio-methane (Method I), two-phase process for bio-hythane (Method II), three-stage fermentation for bio-methane (Method III), two-step process of dark-fermentation and photo-fermentation for bio-hydrogen (Method IV), and three-stage fermentation for bio-hythane (Method V) were about 379,796 KWh/year, 102,137 KWh/year, 76,743 KWh/year, 833,555 KWh/year and 141,739 KWh/year, respectively. By evaluating the bioenergy potential of these anaerobic processes, the appropriate strategy and related management policy were suggested. Besides, this study provides a hierarchical vision for food waste management which would lead towards the sustainable development.

关键词： Bioenergy Bio-hythane Bio-hydrogen Bio-methane Anaerobic process Food waste management

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Enhanced Electrical and nuclear Radiation Detection Performance in BiI3 Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Detectors

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ECS Meeting Abstracts 2014年第41期MA2014-01卷

作者： HyukSu Han Minki Hong Sasmit S. Gokhale Susan B. Sinnott James E. Baciak Juan C. Nino Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Florida Department of Materials Science & Engineering Nuclear Engineering Program University of Florida

BiI3 is a wide band-gap compound semiconductor with a high effective atomic number that is anticipated to exhibit higher detection efficiency than other compound semiconductors such as HgI2, PbI2, and CdZnTe. This makes BiI3 of particular interest for moderate and high energy gamma-ray detection applications. However, the low resistivity of BiI3 results in high leakage currents and degrades the electrical properties and detecting performance of the detectors. Here we show that the main reason for the low resistivity in BiI3 is due to the high volatility of iodine and the high concentration of intrinsic Schottky defects. Furthermore, we will discuss novel defect engineering strategies that successfully mitigate the obstacles associated with iodine vacancies in the material. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, as well as experimentally measured electrical properties, and radiation response will be presented for undoped and Sb-doped BiI3 (SBI) single crystals grown via the vertical Bridgman growth technique. Most importantly, we will demonstrate the first ever recorded gamma-ray spectrum using BiI3-based detectors.

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A driving assistance for a powerd wheelchair on a pedestrian flows

A driving assistance for a powerd wheelchair on a pedestrian...

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Annual Conference of Industrial Electronics Society

作者： Daisuke Chugo Zhaoyu Liu Satoshi Muramatsu Sho Yokota Yuki Sakaida Hiroshi Hashimoto Graduate School of Science and Technology Kwansei Gakuin University Sanda Hyogo Japan RIKEN-TRI Collaboration Center for Human-Interactive Robot Research (RTC) RIKEN Nagoya Aichi Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Toyo University Kawagoe Saitama Japan Master Program of Innovation for Design and Engineering Advanced Institute of Industrial Technology Shinagawa Tokyo Japan

This paper propose a driving assistance scheme for a powered wheelchair with a force feedback function of its joystick. Generally, a powered wheelchair moves in a human coexistence environment such as a pedestrian way and it is important to move on these environments without a feeling of oppression to other people around it. Therefore, we propose a concept of a dynamic personal space which is a region surrounding a person who can feel comfortable psychologically to other person with a moving wheelchair in the pedestrian flows. A dynamic personal space is defined considering with a relative velocity and acceleration between the powered wheelchair and the pedestrians around it. Using this concept, we develop a driving assistance system using a force feedback of its joystick, which enables the powered wheelchair to move in a human coexistence environment without a feeling of oppression on other people. In this paper, we investigate spatial relationship with a powered wheelchair experimentally and define a dynamic personal space using these results. For verifying its effectiveness, the performance of our system is verified by experiments using our prototype.

关键词： Wheelchairs Acceleration Dynamics Legged locomotion Force Prototypes Force feedback

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Characterization of indigo-doped poly(3-hexylthiophene):-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester bulk heterojunction solar cells

Characterization of indigo-doped poly(3-hexylthiophene):-phe...

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作者： Lu, Yang-Ming Wong, Jing-Syun Hsu, Lien-Chung Master Program of Electro-Optical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering National University of Tainan Tainan Taiwan Graduate Institute of Material Science and Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan

Poly(3-hexylthiophene)/[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester bulk hetero-junction photovoltaic cells doped with indigo dye as a p-type solar collector were studied. Doping indigo increases the absorption of the visible light spectrum, as determined using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry analysis. The photocurrent was measured in air under a solar simulator with AM 1.5G illumination (100 mW/cm2). The best photovoltaic efficiency obtained was 2.55% after doping indigo into the cell. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Organic solar cells

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CFD study of thermal-hydraulic performance of a PCHE under FLiNaK-helium condition

CFD study of thermal-hydraulic performance of a PCHE under F...

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2013 ANS Annual Meeting - Next Generation nuclear Energy: Prospects and Challenges

作者： Kim, In Hun Sun, Xiaodong No, Hee Cheon Nuclear Engineering Program Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 United States Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Guseung-dong Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-701 Korea Republic of

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Meeting the infrastructure challenges of African cities

Meeting the infrastructure challenges of African cities

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2014 International Conference on Sustainable Infrastructure: Creating Infrastructure for a Sustainable World, ICSI 2014

作者： Hoornweg, Daniel Sierra, Katherine Sanio, Michael Pressnail, Kim Faculty of Energy Systems and Nuclear Science University of Ontario Institute of Technology 2000 Simcoe Street North OshawaONL1H 7K4 Canada Global Economy and Development Program Brookings Institution 1775 Massachusetts Avenue NW WashingtonDC20036 United States Sustainability and International Alliances American Society of Civil Engineers 1801 Alexander Bell Drive RestonVA20191 United States Department of Civil Engineering University of Toronto 35 St. George Street TorontoONM5S 1A4 Canada

ISBN: (数字)9780784478745

ISBN: (纸本)9780784478745

Today, less than 10% of the world's urban population lives in African cities. By the end of this century that ratio is on track to swell to more than a third of the world's total (a growth of 2.2 billion urban residents). Today, just seven of the world's 100 largest cities are in Africa, by 2050 that will increase to 21, and by 2100, 40 of the world's 100 largest cities are expected to be in Africa and five of the world's largest 10 cities will be in Africa, each with more than 50 million residents. In addition to the $20 trillion needed over the next 40 years to build the cities for more than 2 billion people, by 2040 Africa also needs the equivalent of about 600,000 engineer graduates per year to design and manage the services underpinning these cities. When assessing Africa's urbanization trends and the acute need for finance, stability of macroeconomic and social conditions, institutional strengthening, efficient urban form, and capacity - this paper asserts that a critical need is capacity, especially domestic engineering capacity. The scale of Africa's capacity needs will necessitate new models of collaboration and urban management. © 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.

关键词： Urban growth

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Measurement of capacitance and electrical potential of plural points for estimation of permittivity distribution

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IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 2013年第4期133卷 173-179+5页

作者： Okada, Shota Ohchi, Masashi Furukawa, Tatsuya Itoh, Hideaki Fukumoto, Hisao Master's Program in Electrical Graduate School of Engineering Chiba Institute of Technology 2-17-1 Tudanuma Narashino 275-0016 Japan Department of Electrical Electronics and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chiba Institute of Technology 2-17-1 Tudanuma Narashino 275-0016 Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saga University 1 Honjo-machi Saga 840-8502 Japan

Recently, a method for estimating permittivity distributions was reported. The method combined a numerical technique (Finite Element Method) with Genetic Algorithm (GA). However, methods for estimating the distribution of permittivity have not yet been established. The purpose of this study is to obtain experimental data in order to improve the estimation method. We measured capacitance and electrical potential of plural points when an acrylic rod is placed in various positions within a measurement system. © 2013 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： Capacitance

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Rapid selection of hard-to-access targets by thumb on mobile touch-screens 13

Rapid selection of hard-to-access targets by thumb on mobile...

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15th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services, MobileHCI 2013

作者： Yu, Neng-Hao Huang, Da-Yuan Hsu, Jia-Jyun Hung, Yi-Ping Department of Computer Science Master Program of Digital Contents Technologies National Chengchi University Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781450322737

Current touch-based UIs commonly employ regions near the corners and/or edges of the display to accommodate essential functions. As the screen size of mobile phones is ever increasing, such regions become relatively distant from the thumb and hard to reach for single-handed use. In this paper, we present two techniques: CornerSpace and BezelSpace, designed to accommodate quick access to screen targets outside the thumb's normal interactive range. Our techniques automatically determine the thumb's physical comfort zone and only require minimal thumb movement to reach distant targets on the edge of the screen. A controlled experiment shows that BezelSpace is significantly faster and more accurate. Moreover, both techniques are application-independent, and instantly accommodate either hand, left or right. © 2013 ACM.

关键词： interaction techniques mobile devices one-handed interaction thumb-based interaction touch-screens

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Conference Report: Kitchen waste-based bioenergy: A report of the International Workshop on Kitchen Waste-Based Bioenergy

Conference Report: Kitchen waste-based bioenergy: A report o...

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作者： Lin, Chiu-Yue Sen, Biswarup Department of Environmental Engineering and Science Feng Chia University Taichung 40724 Taiwan Green Energy Development Center Feng Chia University Taichung 40724 Taiwan Master Program of Green Energy Science and Technology Feng Chia University Taichung 40724 Taiwan

The kitchen waste-based bioenergy workshop held in Taichung City, Taiwan, was conducted to discourse the policies and technical issues, including global application tendency of kitchen waste-based bioenergy, anaerobic fermentation technologies, bioenergy applications and fermentation residues utilization. Latest developments on these topics were presented and discussed. This workshop provided significant contribution to the development of kitchen waste-based bioenergy and technical know-how of the conversion process. © 2013 Future science Ltd.

关键词： Fermentation

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Erratum to: Methods for evaluating medical tests and biomarkers

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Diagnostic and prognostic research 2017年第1期1卷 11页

作者： Gowri Gopalakrishna Miranda Langendam Rob Scholten Patrick Bossuyt Mariska Leeflang Anna Noel-Storr James Thomas Iain Marshall Byron Wallace Penny Whiting Clare Davenport Gowri GopalaKrishna Isabel de Salis Sue Mallett Robert Wolff Richard Riley Marie Westwood Jos Kleinen Gary Collins Hans Reitsma Karel Moons Antonia Zapf Annika Hoyer Katharina Kramer Oliver Kuss J Ensor J J Deeks E C Martin R D Riley Gerta Rücker Susanne Steinhauser Martin Schumacher Joie Ensor Kym Snell Brian Willis Thomas Debray Jon Deeks Lavinia Ferrante di Ruffano Sian Taylor-Phillips Chris Hyde Stuart A Taylor Gauraang Batnagar Lavinia Ferrante Di Ruffano Farah Seedat Aileen Clarke Sarah Byron Frances Nixon Rebecca Albrow Thomas Walker Carla Deakin Zhivko Zhelev Harriet Hunt Yaling Yang Lucy Abel James Buchanan Thomas Fanshawe Bethany Shinkins Laure Wynants Jan Verbakel Sabine Van Huffel Dirk Timmerman Ben Van Calster Aeliko Zwinderman Jason Oke Jack O'Sullivan Rafael Perera Brian Nicholson Hannah L Bromley Tracy E Roberts Adele Francis Denniis Petrie G Bruce Mann Kinga Malottki Holly Smith Lucinda Billingham Alice Sitch Oke Gerke Mie Holm-Vilstrup Eivind Antonsen Segtnan Ulrich Halekoh Poul Flemming Høilund-Carlsen Bernard G Francq Jac Dinnes Julie Parkes Walter Gregory Jenny Hewison Doug Altman William Rosenberg Peter Selby Julien Asselineau Paul Perez Aïssatou Paye Emilie Bessede Cécile Proust-Lima Christiana Naaktgeboren Joris de Groot Anne Rutjes Johannes Reitsma Emmanuel Ogundimu Jonathan Cook Yannick Le Manach Yvonne Vergouwe Romin Pajouheshnia Rolf Groenwold Karen Moons Linda Peelen Daan Nieboer Bavo De Cock Micael J Pencina Ewout W Steyerberg Jennifer Cooper Nick Parsons Chris Stinton Steve Smith Andy Dickens Rachel Jordan Alexandra Enocson David Fitzmaurice Peymane Adab Charles Boachie Gaj Vidmar Karoline Freeman Martin Connock Rachel Court Carl Moons Jessica Harris Andrew Mumford Zoe Plummer Kurtis Lee Barnaby Reeves Chris Rogers Veerle Verheyden Gianni D Angelini Gavin J Murphy Jeremy Huddy Melody Ni Katherine Good Graham Cooke 1Department of Clinical Epidemiology Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands. 2Cochrane Netherlands Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht Netherlands. 234Department of Clinical Epidemiology Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands. 49Department of Clinical Epidemiology Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands. 3Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group University of Oxford Oxford UK. 4EPPI-Centre Department of Social Science University College London London UK. 5Division of Health and Social Care Research King's College London London UK. 6College of Computer and Information Science Northeastern University Boston USA. 13University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust School of Social and Community Medicine Bristol UK. 275Institute of Applied Health Research University of Birmingham Birmingham UK. 9Department of Clinical Epidemiology Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands. 10School of Social and Community Medicine University of Bristol Bristol UK. 179Institute of Applied Health Research University of Birmingham Birmingham UK. 12Kleijnen Systematic Reviews Ltd York UK. 25Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences Keele University Keele UK. 188Centre for Statistics in Medicine Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK. 191Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center Utrecht 3584 CG Utrecht Netherlands. 237Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center Utrecht 3584 CG Utrecht Netherlands. 18Department of Medical Statistics University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany. 19Institute for B

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s41512-016-0001-y.].

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