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Influence of human engineering on manning levels and human performance on ships

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 67-76页

作者： Anderson, DE Oberman, FR Malone, TB Baker, CC David E. Anderson:has a bachelor of science degree in environmental engineering from Florida Technological University and a master's degree in environmental engineering from the University of Central Florida. He is a graduate of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Engineer-In-Training (EIT) Program. Mr. Anderson was instrumental in introducing the collective protection system (CPS) in the U.S. Navy developing the initial forward-fit package for the USS Gunston Hall and the engineering change proposal (ECP) for the USS Wasp. In 1990 he joined the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Division (SEA 55W5) where he was task leader for auxiliary ships. He is currently the HSI manager for the future technology variant of the SeaLift ship and the future carrier. Association of Scientists and Engineers 33rdAnnual Technical Symposium 26 April 1996. Fred R. Oberman:has B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Chicago and Loyola University (experimental psychology) and an M.S. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). He has more than 30 years experience in HSI management planning research analysis design and testing in government and private sector positions. He is currently responsible for NavSea HSI generic research and tool development efforts. He is responsible for Human Engineering Specifications and Standards (Commercial Hypertext) and is the NavSea 03D7 representative on HSI in Performance Specifications and for integration of HSI within Integrated Logistic Support (ILS). He has served as DoD HSI SubTAG chair and member of the Simulation and Modeling Test and Evaluation Display and Control Systems Human Computer Interaction Specifications and Standards and Systems Design Sub Tags as a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Systems Safety Panel and a member of NATO RSG 14 on man-machine analysis. Thomas B. Malone: CHFEP received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is president of Carlow

The objectives of Human engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval Research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine Technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.

关键词： Human engineering

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The design of microalgae (Chlorella sp.) photobioreactor as a façade bus shelter building in Indonesia

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2296卷

作者： Arbye S. Retno Fitri Arianti Yano Surya Pradana Eko Agus Suyono Mochamad Donny Koerniawan Lucia Tri Suwanti Ulfah Juniarti Siregar Arief Budiman 1Master Program of System Engineering Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Teknika Utara Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia 2Chemical Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Grafika 2 Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia 3Faculty of Biology Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Teknika Selatan Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia 4Department of Architecture School of Architecture Planning and Policy Development Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Bandung 40132 West Java Indonesia 5Department of Veterinary Parasitology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mulyorejo Kampus C Unair Surabaya 60115 East Java Indonesia 6Department of Silviculture Faculty of Forestry Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jl. Lingkar Akademik Dramaga Bogor 16680 West Java Indonesia

The purpose of microalgae cultivation generally divided into several categories, such as a resource of renewable energy, superfood, feed, pharmaceutical, CO2 sequestration, and O2 production. Recent research about microalgae cultivation on photobioreactors has the potential to be integrated into the building as a façade. The first building integrated with microalgae façade photobioreactor already applied in BIQ House Germany. However, research on the microalgae façade photobioreactors in Indonesia is still limited. This research design and apply a microalgae photobioreactor façade with an online monitoring system for the temperature and light intensity parameters on the bus shelter building in Indonesia on a prototype scale. The dimension of the prototype is 80 cm x 25 cm x 40 cm, with a total cultivation capacity is 10 litres. The material of the microalgae façade photobioreactor is a 3 mm glass and mounted on aluminium and wood frame. The results of this study showed the microalgae façade photobioreactor had an excellent performance from the growth rate of microalgae cells (Chlorella sp.) viewpoint and its function in decreasing the room temperature at the bus shelter.

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Potential of natural sunlight for microalgae cultivation in Yogyakarta

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2022年第1期963卷

作者： E Habibah E A Suyono M D Koerniawan L T Suwanti U J Siregar A Budiman Master Program in System Engineering Gadjah Mada University Jalan Teknika Utara 3 Kampus UGM Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia Faculty of Biology Gadjah Mada University Jalan Teknika Selatan Kampus UGM Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia Center of Excellence for Microalgae Biorefinery Gadjah Mada University Sekip K1A Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia Department of Architecture School of Architecture Planning and Policy Development Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Bandung 40132 West Java Indonesia Department of Veterinary Parasitology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mulyorejo Kampus C Unair Surabaya 60115 East Java Indonesia Department of Silviculture Faculty of Forestry Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jl. Lingkar Akademik Dramaga Bogor 16680 West Java Indonesia

The study of microalgae is widely developed on a laboratory scale. The large-scale applications of microalgae such as large photo-bioreactors or commercial ponds are not well established due to some obstacles. The high cost of artificial lighting in microalgae cultivation is one of the obstacles. Markedly, the natural sunlight intensity is high every month for a whole year in Indonesia. This natural sunlight may serve as a low-cost lighting source for microalgae cultivation in a tropical country such as Indonesia. However, the basic knowledge of whether the natural sunlight in Indonesia is sufficient or not for microalgae cultivation is poorly understood. This study was performed to investigate whether sunlight in Indonesia, particularly in Yogyakarta, is sufficient or not for microalgae cultivation in the absence of artificial lighting. The sun lighting period data from January 2019 to June 2020 were collected from BMKG (Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika) website. The sun lighting period data were converted into solar radiation data. The Liliefors test was performed to evaluate the distribution of the solar radiation data. To confirm whether the sun lighting in Yogyakarta is sufficient for microalgae cultivation or not, the parametric statistical test namely single sample T-test was used in this study. The Liliefors test showed that solar radiation in Yogyakarta (January 2019 to June 2020) was normally distributed. The calculated Liliefors value (0.14) was less than Liliefors table value (2.00). The T-test results revealed that the solar radiation in Yogyakarta is equal to or higher than the sufficient solar radiation (reference) for microalgae cultivation (795 kWh/m2). The calculated t value (0.65) was higher than the t table value (-1.74). When taken together, our findings suggest that natural sunlight in Yogyakarta is sufficient as a lighting source for microalgae cultivation.

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Growth kinetic of Chlorella sp. microalgae at flate plate photobioreactor

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2296卷

作者： Retno Fitri Arianti Arbye S. Yano Surya Pradana Eko Agus Suyono Mochamad Donny Koerniawan Lucia Tri Suwanti Ulfah Juniarti Siregar Arief Budiman 1Master Program of System Engineering Universitas Gad}ah Mada Jl. Teknika Utara Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia 2Chemical Engineering Department Universitas Gad}ah Mada Jl. Grafika 2 Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia 3Faculty of Biology Universitas Gad}ah Mada Jl. Teknika Selatan Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia 4Department of Architecture School of Architecture Planning and Policy Development Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Bandung 40132 West Java Indonesia 5Department of Veterinary Parasitology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mulyore}o Kampus C Unair Surabaya 60115 East Java Indonesia 6Department of Silviculture Faculty of Forestry Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jl. Lingkar Akademik Dramaga Bogor 16680 West Java Indonesia

Chlorella sp. microalgae are often cultivated for various purposes such as medicines, cosmetics, and alternative energy such as biodiesel, bio-crude oil. Different concentrations of nutrients in culture medium can give different effect on population growth and essential content of Chlorella sp. One of them is the concentration of nitrate and phosphate. In order to increase the biomass produced, it is necessary to enhance its growth with another medium that that are cheaper and easier. Urea and TSP was used as source of nitrogen and phosphate element in various ratio for the cultivation at flat plate photobioreactor. Among the process conditions tried, cultivation using urea and TSP fertilizer medium in ratio 2:1 (C1) was considered as the optimum composition that resulted in highest cell density, 4.28 × 107 cells/mL. Then, medium in ratio 4:1 (C2) which was 3.10 × 107 cells/mL and the lowest cell density found in ratio medium 6:1 (C3) which was 1.65 × 107 cells/mL. Medium with low nitrogen content had the highest cell density. The temperature culture during cultivation was in the range of 25 - 26 oC and pH value was in the range of 8.3 - 87. Temperature and pH culture during cultivation are still in optimal conditions for the growth of Chlorella sp.

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Evaluating Monetary-Based Benefit-Sharing as a Mechanism to Improve Local Human Development and its Importance for Impact Assessment of Hydropower Plants in Brazil

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Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 2019年第1期21卷 1-42页

作者： Pulice, Sérgio Mantovani Paiva Branco, Evandro Albiach Gallardo, Amarilis Lucia Casteli Figueiredo Roquetti, Daniel Rondinelli Moretto, Evandro Mateus Earth System Science Center National Institute for Space Research (INPE) Brazil Institute of Energy and Environment University of São Paulo (IEE-USP) Brazil PLANGEA - Research Group for Environmental Planning and Management University of São Paulo Av. dos Astronautas 1758-Jd. Granja São José dos Campos SP CEP 12227-010 Brazil Master's Program of Environmental Management and Sustainability University Nove de Julho (Uninove) Rua Vergueiro 235/249 Liberdade São Paulo SP 01504-000 Brazil Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Polytechnic School University of São Paulo (USP) Av. Prof. Mello Moraes 2373 Butantã São Paulo SP 05508-900 Brazil Institute of Energy and Environment University of São Paulo (IEE-USP) Amazon Dams Network (AND) PLANGEA - Research Group for Environmental Planning and Management Institute of Energy and Environment University of São Paulo Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto 1289 Butantã São Paulo SP 05508-010 Brazil School of Arts Sciences and Humanities PLANGEA - Research Group for Environmental Planning and Management Institute of Energy and Environment University of São Paulo Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto 1289 Butantã São Paulo SP 05508-010 Brazil

Although hydropower companies and governments have promoted monetary-based Benefit-Sharing Mechanisms alone as a vector of local development for flooded municipalities, it is not possible to identify this evidence in the scientific literature. The present work investigates the quantitative influence of Financial Compensation on Human Development Indexes (HDI) in flooded municipalities over 2000-2010. The econometric analysis shows that there are no statistically significant results related to the quantities of Financial Compensation and the development variables. The findings reinforce that Financial Compensation itself could not be considered the only input to improve development processes. Management frameworks should be considered since they can provide a broader view of the affected areas, including elements such as participatory processes, adaptation management, formal and legal guidelines and stakeholder engagement. Specially in the Brazilian case, the Impact Assessment procedures and their products could provide detailed data and criteria to municipalities to manage the inflow resources. © 2019 World Scientific Publishing Europe Ltd.

关键词： Benefit-sharing mechanisms development flooded municipalities hydropower

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THE MAINTENANCE engineering ANALYSIS, A VITAL LINK BETWEEN THE DESIGN ENGINEER AND FLEET SUPPORT

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Naval Engineers Journal 1974年第1期86卷 84-94页

作者： MARCUCILLI, T.J. HENDRICKSON, M.L. Mr. Theodore J. Marcucilli received his Bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering from New York University in 1954. He joined the then Bureau of Ships in the Internal Combustion Engines Branch later to be merged with the Gas Turbine Branch. He progressed through positions of increasing responsibility in the areas of RDT&E Acoustics Shock and Vibration and by June 1962 was in charge of the Machinery Division's efforts in support of Project SEAHAWK an advanced design ASW destroyer. In September 1963 he was designated as Project Manager for the Pressure Fired Boiler Program for seventeen DE's (1040 C1 DEG-1 C1 and AGDE-1). This assignment was the first known application of the Project Management concept in the Bureau of Ships. In June 1966 he was placed in charge of the Plans Policies and Procedures Branch in the Naval Ship Engineering Center and was responsible for the formulation and implementation of Acquisition Management policy and procedures. The following November he was appointed Branch Head for Propulsion Electrical and Auxiliaries Systems in the LHA Project (PMS 377) and has remained with the project from the pre-concept formulation phase through the current building period in the development and production phase. Mr. Marshall L. Hendrickson received his Bachelor's degree in Commerce from the University of Maryland and is presently enrolled in a Master's program in Government Procurement and Contract Administration at George Washington University. He has been involved in Navy Project Management Administration since January of 1963. Prior to that he had extensive Fleet experience as a Field Serivce Engineer for the Philco Corporation. Navy projects he has been associated with include the SPARROW and SIDE-WINDER Missiles the F-4 (Phantom) Series aircraft the Navy Maintenance and Material Management (3-M) System the LHA-1 Class Amphibious Assault Ship and the Ship and Air Systems Integration (SASI) Project. Presently he is the Division Director for Integrated Logistic Support on the SASI Pro

This paper discusses the Maintenance engineering Analyses (MEA) as performed in support of a major ship acquisition process. A major impetus is to demonstrate how the MEA can be utilized better to provide a direct data link between the design agent and the logistic support community to enhance Fleet operational effectiveness. A description of the overall MEA process is provided and several examples are used showing the type of design improvements realizable through an integration of the MEA process into the early stages of ship system design. © 1974 American Society of Naval Engineers

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MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SUBMARINE PROPULSION systemS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第3期103卷 141-157页

作者： SWALLOM, DW SADOVNIK, I GIBBS, JS GUROL, H NGUYEN, LV VANDENBERGH, HH Daniel W. Swallomis the director of military power systems at Avco Research Laboratory Inc. a subsidiary of Textron Inc. in Everett Mass. Dr. Swallom received his B.S. M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in mechanical engineering from the University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa in 1969 1970 and 1972 respectively. He has authored numerous papers in the areas of power propulsion and plasma physics and currently is a member of the Aerospace Power Systems Technical Committee of the AIAA. Dr. Swallom has directed various programs for the development of advanced power generation systems lightweight power conditioning systems and advanced propulsion systems for marine applications. His previous experience includes work with Odin International Corporation Maxwell Laboratories Inc. Argonne National Laboratory and the Air Force Aero Propulsion Laboratory. Currently Dr. Swallom is directing the technical efforts to apply magnetohydrodynamic principles to a variety of propulsion and power applications for various marine vehicles and power system requirements respectively. Isaac Sadovnikis a principal research engineer in the Energy Technology Office at Avco Research Laboratory Inc. a subsidiary of Textron Inc. He received his B.S. in engineering (1974) B.S. in physics (1975) M.S. in aeronautics and astronautics (1976) and Ph.D. in physics of fluids (1981) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dr. Sadovnik has been involved in research work funded by DARPA concerning the use of magnetohydrodynamics for underwater propulsion. He has built theoretical models that predict the hydrodynamic behavior of seawater flow through magnetohydrodynamic ducts and their interaction with the rest of the vehicle (thrust and drag produced). In addition Dr. Sadovnik has been involved in research investigations geared toward the NASP program concerning the use of magnetohydrodynamic combustion-driven accelerator channels. Prior to joining Avco Dr. Sadovnik was a research assistant at MIT where he conducted experimental and

Magnetohydrodynamic propulsion systems for submarines offer several significant advantages over conventional propeller propulsion systems. These advantages include the potential for greater stealth characteristics, increased maneuverability, enhanced survivability, elimination of cavitation limits, greater payload capability, and the addition of a significant emergency propulsion system. These advantages can be obtained with a magnetohydrodynamic propulsion system that is neutrally bouyant and can operate with the existing submarine propulsion system power plant. A thorough investigation of magnetohydrodynamic propulsion systems for submarine applications has been completed. During the investigation, a number of geometric configurations were examined. Each of these configurations and mounting concepts was optimized for maximum performance for a generic attack class submarine. The optimization considered each thruster individually by determining the optimum operating characteristics for each one and accepting only those thrusters that result in a neutrally buoyant propulsion system. The results of this detailed optimization study show that the segmented, annular thruster is the concept with the highest performance levels and greatest efficiency and offers the greatest potential for a practical magnetohydrodynamic propulsion system for attack class submarines. The optimization study results were used to develop a specific point design for a segmented, annular magnetohydrodynamic thruster for an attack class submarine. The design point case has shown that this thruster may be able to provide the necessary thrust to propel an attack class submarine at the required velocity with the potential for a substantial acoustic signature reduction within the constraints of the existing submarine power plant and the maintenance of neutral buoyancy. This innovative magnetohydrodynamic propulsion system offers an approach for submarine propulsion that can be an important contributio

关键词： Ship Propulsion

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THE ENERGY CRISIS AND NAVAL SHIP RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

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Naval Engineers Journal 1974年第3期86卷

作者： CDR. J. RICHARD GAUTHEY USN JOSEPH P. DeTOLLA CDR. J. RICHARD GAUTHEY USN & JOSEPH P. DeTOLLA Cdr. J. Richard Gauthey USN graduated from Cornell University in 1955 with a Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering degree and entered the U.S. Navy through the NROTC program. Following three tours of sea duty he attended the University of California at Berkeley where he earned his Master of Science degree. From 1963 to 1965 he was Project Officer for Aircraft Carriers and Amphibious Ships in the Design Division BUSHIPS. The succeeding three years he was Assistant Repair Superintendent for Surface Ships at the Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard. After attending the Naval War College he was Maintenance Officer COMINELANT Staff prior to his present assignment as Director Ship Research and Technology Division NAVSHIPS where he has been since 1971. He is a member of both ASNE and SNAME. Joseph P. DeTolla a native of Philadelphia Pa. received his BS degree in Mechanical Engineering from Drexel University in 1969. He began his career with the U.S. Navy in 1965 as a Mechanical Engineering Trainee in the Philidelphia Naval Shipyard Design Division under the BUSHIPS Cooperative Education Training Program. In 1911 he joined NAVSEC as a Mechanical Engineer in the Fluid Systems Branch. For the past two years he has primarily been involved in conducting alternative auxiliary heating system “tradeoff” studies and in the design of total energy/waste heat recovery systems for the PF 109 Class Sea Control Ship DG/AEGIS and AO 177 Class. He is a registered Professional Engineer in the District of Columbia a member of ASE ASME and SNAME and a candidate for the Master of Engineering Administration degree at The George Washington University.

Energy used by U.S. Navy ships is viewed in the context of the national situation. Shipboard usage and the controlling variables are summarized. Research and development being planned by the Navy is described. Efforts relate to conservation of energy as well as consideration of new fuels including hydrogen and liquid hydro-carbon fuels derived from coal, oil shale, and tar sands. A brief account is given of work sponsored by the Department of Interior to produce hydrocarbon fuels, and initial Navy efforts to characterize and evaluate one such fuel is reported. This fuel has been burned at sea in the USS Johnston (DD 821). Development of conservation measures encompasses the utilization of waste heat from gas turbine and diesel engine exhausts and diesel water jackets; more efficient machinery; and reduction of energy requirements. Specific developments discussed include a design methodology to optimize waste heat utilization and higher efficiency gas turbine systems.

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