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Analysis of motor vehicle engine performance using biogas from sorghum

AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2568卷

作者： Aris Budi Sulistyo I. Gusti Bagus Wijaya Kusuma 1Automotive Technology Program Bali Land Transportation Polytechnic 82161 Tabanan Bali Indonesia 2Master Program in Mechanical Engineering Udayana University 80361 Bukit Jimbaran Campus Badung Bali Indonesia

The production of sorghum seeds produces sorghum stalks as solid waste that has potential to be used as raw material for biogas production. The largest composition of biogas produced from fermentation is methane gas (CH4) and carbon dioxide gas (CO2). The main component contained in biogas is CH4 or methane gas which is suitable for fuel. In this case, the problems studied were how the performance of vehicle engines by utilizing biogas from sorghum raw materials. With the existing problems, it is expected that we can find out how the performance of vehicle engines is when using biogas. The advantage of biogas compared to fossil fuels is that it is environmentally friendly and renewable. This research was conducted to find out the performance of vehicles by varying its air fuel ratio (AFR) between biogas and air. Based on the results and analysis, it can be found that the maximum torque produced when using Biogas was 6.4 Nm with AFR 1: 4 at 4,500 rpm and the maximum torque produced when using gasoline was 7.8 Nm at 2nd gear 1,500 rpm but the use biogas can produce the same torque if AFR chance to 1:8 with the value of about 7.8 Nm at 2nd gear 1,500 rpm. The maximum power generated when using Biogas was 4.1 hp with AFR 1: 8 at 4,500 rpm and the maximum power generated when using gasoline is 5.5 hp at 3rd gear at 6,000 rpm. The minimum SFC produced when using biogas was 1.4 kg/kWh with AFR 1: 8 at 4,500 rpm and the minimum SFC produced when using gasoline was 0.03 kg/kWh in 3rd gear.

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Study on the waste valve's stroke to water hammer pressure and flow patterns in a hydraulic ram pump

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2568卷

作者： I. P. Widiarta M. Suarda I. G. K. Sukadana M. Sucipta N. M. Suantini I. N. Suweden 1Student at Master Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Denpasar Bali Indonesia 2Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Denpasar Bali Indonesia 3Chemistry Department Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Udayana University Denpasar Bali Indonesia 4Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Denpasar Bali Indonesia

The pressure in the hydraulic ram pump increases due to a sudden cessation of flow out through the waste valve when the waste valve is closing. The increasing of water hammer pressure is strongly influenced by velocity of the water flow in the drive pipe. Therefore, the waste valve has an important role in mechanism of the occurrence of water hammer pressure, performance, and flow patterns in the hydraulic ram pump. This study investigated the water hammer pressure and the flow patterns in the hydraulic ram pump that has been installed at Bon sub-village, as well as its performance at various strokes of the waste valve. In addition, CFD simulation using Ansys Fluent was conducted. The result show that increasing stroke of the waste valve increase the water velocity in the drive pipe and the water hammer pressure, and the optimum of the waste valve stroke has been predicted subject to volumetric and total efficiency using the equation of their trendlines. Furthermore, the flow patterns such as vortex, split flow, and blockage mass in the hydraulic ram pump have been identified.

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Analysis of motor vehicle performance by using bioethanol from sorghum

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2568卷

作者： I. Putu Gede Krisna Yoga Yasa Arif Devi Dwipayana I. Gusti Bagus Wijaya Kusuma 1Automotive Technology Program Bali Land Transportation Polytechnic 82161 Tabanan Bali Indonesia 2Master Program in Mechanical Engineering Udayana University 80361 Bukit Jimbaran Campus Badung Bali Indonesia

In recent years, many countries increased their efforts to use biofuels as alternative fuels. One of the most widely used biofuels is bioethanol. Bioethanol is one of the bioenergy produced from plants, a renewable fuel and has a high economic value. Sweet sorghum is a type of plant that contains a lot of sugar and is very suitable for making bioethanol. This research was conducted by testing the torque and power of engine. However, it is necessary to test the extent ratio of fuel and bioethanol in order to be able to produce optimal performance on a motorcycle engine. The parameters employed in this study were torque and power produced by gasoline motors when using pure gasoline (RON 88) mixed with bioethanol and when using pure Pertamax (RON 95) fuel. From the results of research that has been done, it is known that the performance produced by pure gasoline (RON 88) mixed with bioethanol B10 where it contains 90% alcohol, produced a maximum torque of about 5.96 Nm at 6000 rpm and maximum power generated of about 5 horsepower at 6000 rpm. A mixture of bioethanol and premium was confirmed to increase the octane value of the fuel. It is expected that the octane value produced is equivalent to RON 95 so that it can reduce exhaust emissions and improve engine performance.

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Design of exhaust gas emission tester

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2568卷

作者： Aris Budi Sulistyo Ni Wayan Widi Ayu Ariani I. Gusti Bagus Wijaya Kusuma 1Automotive Technology Program Bali Land Transportation Polytechnic 82161 Tabanan Bali Indonesia 2Master Program in Mechanical Engineering Udayana University 80361 Bukit Jimbaran Campus Badung Bali Indonesia

The increasing number of air pollution in various big cities in Indonesia currently increases concern. The facts show that air pollutants such as Particulate Matter and 5 elements such as HC, CO, CO2, O2 and NOx exceeded the ambient air quality standard threshold. In countries that have strict vehicle exhaust emission standards, those 5 elements must be measured, but Indonesia only measured 4 elements of the exhaust gas, without NOx. Most of the existing smoke detector tools are very inefficient to be used because of their large shape. Therefore, an exhaust emission detector test instrument was made on vehicles, in order to determine the level of emission threshold value. This study used a circuit consisting of a microcontroller block, input/output block, programmer block and Sensor block. In the microcontroller block, there are three important parts, including the oscillator circuit, the reset circuit, and the voltage circuit. In this paper, the tool was designed to read the value of exhaust emissions on the vehicle and make a comparison with that in Poltrada Bali workshop emission test equipment. Results showed that this design tool detected in real time and could show the air quality from the detection results. The measurement of exhaust emissions can be done in a short time and obtain definite results. The gas sensor can be calibrated by providing the desired value through a serial programming interface to the computer.

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Studies of crystallinity and morphology bacterial cellulose membrane with various addition graphene

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3027卷

作者： Nafrizal Annas Heru Suryanto Aminnudin Jibril Maulana Uun Yanuhar Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Malang Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145 Indonesia Center of Excellence for Cellulose Composite (CECCom) Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Negeri Malang Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145 Indonesia Master Program of Mechanical Engineering Graduate School Universitas Negeri Malang Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145 Indonesia Department of Aquatic Resources Management Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Brawijay University Jl. Veteran Malang 65145 Indonesia

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is synthesized from extract of pineapple peel and Acetobacter xylinum as fermentation bacteria. This study aims to investigate the influence of graphene concentration on the morphology and crystalinity in bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) nanocomposites. To obtain bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), the previously manufactured pellicle BC was homogenized using a high-speed blender and a high-pressure homogenizer (HPH). Bacterial nanocellulose was combined with different concentrations of graphene (0.25, 0.5, and 1%), and then put into an ultrasonic homogenizer. Then, BNC-graphene solution was poured into a glass mold laminated with aluminium foil, and it was dried in an oven for 14 hours, 80°C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of nanocomposites membrane. X-Ray Diffraction is used to investigate the crystallinity of nanocomposites membrane. The structure of BNC-graphene nanocomposites membrane become more compact, according to the synthesized results. A few peaks at 2θ of 14.5°, 16.6°, 22.7° are seen in the XRD analysis, as well as a graphene diffraction pattern peak at 2θ of 13.7°. Nanocomposites membrane’s crystallinity was reduced after graphene was added when compared to nanocomposites membrane without graphene.

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Thermodegradation characterization of microplastics: Dispersion effect and pyrolysis kinetics by artificial intelligence

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Chemical engineering Journal 2023年 457卷

作者： Chen, Wei-Hsin Sun, Shih-Che Ocreto, Jherwin B. Nguyen, Thanh-Binh Lam, Su Shiung Park, Young-Kwon Dong, Cheng-Di Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Cheng Kung University Tainan701 Taiwan Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy Tunghai University Taichung407 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung411 Taiwan International Master Degree Program on Energy National Cheng Kung University Tainan701 Taiwan Department of Marine Environmental Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung City81157 Taiwan Universiti Malaysia Terengganu 21030 Kuala Nerus Terengganu Malaysia Johor Johor Bahru81310 Malaysia University Centre for Research and Development Department of Chemistry Chandigarh University Gharuan Punjab Mohali India School of Environmental Engineering University of Seoul Seoul02504 Korea Republic of

The research of pyrolytic thermodegradation of plastic wastes has received much attention. However, detailed combustion behavior and pyrolysis kinetics of microplastics are still absent in the current research. Understanding the characteristics and kinetics of microplastic pyrolysis is vital for designing and optimizing operational conditions. Adding silica to high-density polyethylene (HDPE) microplastics can effectively avoid the agglomeration of microplastics during pyrolysis, thereby better elucidating their thermodegradation. In the experiment, HDPE microplastics are mixed with SiO2 at different weight ratios (10 %, 20 %, 50 %, 70 %, and 100 %) to observe the dispersion effect on the microplastic thermodegradation. The results suggest that less than 20 % of PE in the mixture can retain microplastic pyrolysis characteristics. In combustion analysis, 10 % PE undergoes a faster thermo-oxidation reaction than pure HDPE. This study applies the independent parallel reaction (IPR) model and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to investigate microplastic pyrolysis kinetics. The pyrolysis activation energy is between 273.89 and 292.90 kJ‧mol−1, with fit quality high than 95 %, and rises with decreasing dispersion degree and increasing heating rate. This indicates that microplastic thermodegradation has low activation energy and is affected by heat transfer rate. The Py-GC/MS analysis indicates that up to 83.6 % of alkene and 52.3 % of products comprise high carbon numbers (17-Pentatriacontene and 1-Octatriacontene), respectively, suggesting the suppression of the secondary reaction of microplastics in the pyrolysis reaction. The calculated kinetic parameters are beneficial for understanding microplastic thermodegradation characteristics and can provide useful information for reactor design in industrial pyrolyzers or gasifiers. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Thermogravimetric analysis

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Association between the type of dental prosthesis and the masticatory performance of institutionalized patients: A cross-sectional study.

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus

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Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus 2024年第4期1卷 100094-100094页

作者： Antonia Christina Samiou Maria Kokoti Theodora Slini Vassiliki Anastassiadou Bernd Kordaß Athina Bakopoulou Master of Science Postgraduate Program Greifswald University Germany Department of Prosthodontics School of Dentistry Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh) Greece Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh) Greece Polyclinic for Dental Prosthetics Department of Digital Dentistry Occlusion and Chewing Function Therapy Greifswald University Germany

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the chewing ability of 97 institutionalized older adults and its relevance to their status of dentition and type of prosthetic rehabilitation. The participants were categorized according to their dental status. The chewing ability was determined by semi-quantitative evaluation of a colour-changeable chewing gum and by recording the personal perception of the participants on a similar scale. The colorimetric means of the participants was significantly lower than the perception means. One-third of the participants had at least one jaw restored with complete dentures, while 17% were restored with tooth-supported or implant-supported fixed partial dentures. Based on the colorimetric method, edentulous participants displayed significantly lower chewing performance compared to all other groups. Additionally, participants with at least one complete denture exhibited weaker chewing function than those with natural teeth or fixed partial dentures . The age and sex of the participants had no further impact on the results. As the institutionalized elderly seem to overestimate their chewing efficiency, the colour changeable chewing gum could be used in nursing homes, as a simple method to determine their real masticatory function status and improve their dental care.

关键词： Mastication Edentulism Colour-changeable chewing gum

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A damage sensitive feature: Beam case 1

A damage sensitive feature: Beam case

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1st International Symposium on Advances and Innovations in mechanical engineering, ISAIME 2019

作者： Gunawan, Fergyanto E. Sekishita, Nobumasa Industrial Engineering Department BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Industrial Engineering Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology Aichi Toyohashi441-8580 Japan

With the adoption of damage tolerance design principle, the health monitoring system has become an integral part of the engineering structure in operation. For the system to work, damage indicator that describes the structural integrity level should be established and monitored. Damage indicator is usually derived from structural responses. Many quantities have been proposed for damage indicator. Some popular damage indicators are natural frequency, mode shape, curvature, strain energy, and t-, F-, and z-statistics. In this paper, we propose a new damage indicator derived from the theory of the strength of materials. We evaluate the proposal for a case involving damage on a simply-supported beam. The required data are established numerically by the finite element method for structure in healthy and damaged conditions. The results suggest that the current proposal is more sensitive to damage than the natural frequency. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Natural frequencies

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Scrutinizing the Prospect of Cerbera manghas Seed and Its De-oiled Cake for a Fuel: Physicochemical Properties and Thermal Behavior 6th

Scrutinizing the Prospect of Cerbera manghas Seed and Its De...

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6th International Conference and Exhibition on Sustainable Energy and Advanced Materials, ICE-SEAM 2019

作者： Muzayyin, M. Sukarni, S. Wulandari, R. Master Program of Mechanical Engineering Graduate School Universitas Negeri Malang Jl. Semarang no. 5 Malang65145 Indonesia Universitas Negeri Malang Jl. Semarang no 5 Malang65145 Indonesia Universitas Negeri Malang Jl. Semarang no 5 Malang65145 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9789811544804

Biomass is a renewable fuel derived from biological substances such as crops, waste, animals, and residues, which has been ranked as the third-largest source of energy in the world. One of the biological materials that potential as biomass fuel from the perspective of the abundance is Cerbera manghas, which is a mangrove plant, poisonous, and therefore it does not compete with the needs of the foods. This research aims to study the physicochemical properties and thermal characteristics of Cerbera manghas seed and its de-oiled cake. The seed of Cerbera manghas samples is dried in an oven at 80 °C for 4 h. The de-oiled cake is obtained by the pressing of the seed at 33.81 N/m2 to release its oil content. The higher heating values (HHVs) of the seed and de-oiled cake are examined by using an adiabatic bomb calorimeter. Physical properties are evaluated by proximate analysis test to comprehend the respective moisture (M), volatile matter (VM), fixed carbon (FC), and ash (A) content. The chemical properties, especially C, H, O, N, and S, are analyzed by the ultimate analysis test. The thermal behavior of the seed and de-oiled cake are studied by a thermal analyzer. It can be reported that the seed and de-oiled cake are dominated by volatile matters, which are 91.41 and 84.93%, respectively, and they have HHVs of 32.46 MJ/kg for seed and 27.95 MJ/kg for de-oiled cake. Their chemical properties are dominated by 78.01% carbon for the seed and 67.34% carbon for the de-oiled cake. From the thermal test under the inert atmosphere, it was known that they have the temperature of active pyrolysis zone at around 150 until 500 °C, and resulted in relatively low residuals at the end of the pyrolysis process those are 8.22% for the seed and 15.43% for the de-oiled cake. These overall results strengthened the potential of Cerbera manghas seed and its de-oiled cake being the fuel feedstock. © 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Cerbera manghas seed De-oiled cake Physicochemical properties Thermal behavior

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Monitoring of water quality and plankton composition in Porong Estuary, Sidoarjo

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2025年第1期3186卷

作者： Uun Yanuhar Muhammad Musa Heru Suryanto Nur Sakinah Junirahma Nico Rahman Caesar Aquatic Resources Management Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Brawijaya University Malang Jl. Veteran Malang 65145 Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Malang Malang 65145 Indonesia Master Program of Aquaculture Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science University of Brawijaya Jl. Veteran Malang 65145 Indonesia Doctoral program of Environmental Science Postgraduate Program University of Brawijaya Jl. Veteran Malang 65145 Indonesia

Disposal of Lapindo mud which carries nutrients and other dissolved organic matter into the Porong estuary, can cause the death of aquatic organisms due to high contamination and disturbance of aquatic ecosystems. The presence of phytoplankton can explain the current condition of the Porong Estuary. The purpose of this study was to report the water quality and plankton composition of the Porong estuary. The method used in this study is a descriptive survey method. Determination of sampling points using the appropriate sampling method at three stations. The research variables observed included water quality parameters such as temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), total organic matter (TOM), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), carbon dioxide (CO2), biological oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate, ammonia, orthophosphate, salinity and observations of phytoplankton in water bodies. The water quality values at stations 1, 2, and 3 respectively for TSS, pH, DO, BOD, TOM, nitrate, ammonia, orthophosphate shows a less than optimal value. Water conditions based on plankton abundance 24,678 cells/mL, 44,904 cells/mL, 18,312 cells/mL were eutrophic. The average of water quality parameters classified as less than optimal. Relatively, station 1 is the station with the best conditions between stations 2 and 3.

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