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Consumption, power number, and power curve characteristic of water diesel fuel emulsion mixer

AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2296卷

作者： Agus Sartomo Budi Santoso Ubaidillah 1Master Program of Mechanical Engineering department Sebelas Maret University Jl. Ir. Sutami Kentingan Surakarta Indonesia 3Agency for The Assessment and Application of Technology Puspiptek Serpong South Tangerang Banten Indonesia 2Mechanical Engineering Department Sebelas Maret University Jl. Ir. Sutami Kentingan Surakarta Indonesia

Investigations have been done on the consumption of electric power in the process of water-diesel fuel emulsion mixing. The mixing process has been carried out using a mixer equipped with a 4-blade impeller. The mixer and impeller are made of aluminum material, while the impeller shaft is made of stainless steel. The mixer has a cylindrical tube shape and has a volume of 450 ml. Emulsion fuels consist of 85%v diesel fuel and 15%v water. This emulsion fuel has a density property of 858.8 kg/m3 and a dynamic viscosity of 0.0547 Pa.s. The mixing process was carried out at 2,000 rpm mixing speed up to 8,000 rpm at 1,000 rpm intervals. The mixer is connected to an electric motor and inverter, so the mixing speed of the mixer can be adjusted. In this research, data of electric current and electrical voltage are taken at each variation of mixing speed. The experimental data show that the higher the mixing speed, the higher the electric current needed. Thus, electricity consumption also is higher. The highest electrical power consumption is at 8,000 rpm mixer speed, while the lowest power consumption is at 2,000 rpm rotation. Non- dimensional power number (Np) analysis was also carried out in this study. By calculating the Reynold number (Re) and the electric power consumption at each rotation of the mixer, the power number curve (Np) is obtained. This curve is used to predict the power consumption of a mixer with the same impeller shape.

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Influence of Carrageenan on the mechanical Strength of Starch Bioplastic Formed by Extrusion Process

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2019年第1期494卷

作者： H Suryanto AW Rahmawan Solichin RT Sahana M Muhajir U Yanuhar Master Program of Mechanical Engineering Graduate School Universitas Negeri Malang Indonesia Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science University of Brawijaya Malang Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Malang Indonesia

The waste of synthetic plastic was the critical environmental problems so the biodegradable plastic is a viable remedy to solve this problem. Addition of biopolymer into bioplastic as the blend could provide a synergistic effect that influences their properties. This study aim was to show the influence of carrageenan on the mechanical properties of bioplastic cassava starch obtained through the extrusion process. This experimental research involved varies concentrations of carrageenan i.e. 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. The extrusion process was conducted in a single screw extrusion at 120° C. The extruded bioplastic was characterized by a tensile test and observed using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The bioplastic starch/carrageenan blend had the tensile strength of 1,1 MPa, 1.62 MPa, 4.87 MPa, 2.137 MPa, and 2.876 MPa and elongation of 28.69%, 20.22%, 19.48%, 17.27%, and 14.78% at carrageenan addition of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%, respectively.

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Influence of Nanoclay on Thermal Decomposition of Biocomposite Matrix Starch/Carrageenan Blend

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2019年第1期494卷

作者： H Suryanto F A Kharismawan Solichin AW Rahmawan RT Sahana M Muhajir U Yanuhar Master Program of Mechanical Engineering Graduate School Universitas Negeri Malang Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Malang Indonesia Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science University of Brawijaya Malang Indonesia

The synthetic plastic waste was the big problems for sustainable environmental. Many efforts to solve it by the incineration process and also developing bioplastics. Addition of nanomaterial into bioplastic as the reinforcement can affect their properties. This study aim was to show the influence of nanoclay on the thermal decomposition of the biocomposite matrix starch/carrageenan blend. This experimental research involved addition of nanoclay with concentration of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% into bioplastic. The casting methods with homogenizer ultrasonic were conducted to obtain biocomposite. The thermal degradation of biocomposite was observed using thermogravimetric analysis. The result indicate that reinforced nanoclay in the biocomposite matrix of starch/carrageenan blend show four phases of decomposition process which are phase I at the temperature until 145°C, phase II at the temperature from 146°C to 340°C, phase III at the temperature from 341°C to 475°C that indicate the transition of biocomposite into the char and phase IV at the temperature from 476°C to 700°C.

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Micro Hydro Electric Power Plant (MHEP) Prototype A Study Of The Effect Of Blade Numbers Toward Turbine Rotational Velocity

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019年第4期1198卷

作者： Ibnu Asrafi M. Yerizam Sairul Effendi Agung Mataram Renewable Energy Study Program Applied Sciences Master Program Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya Jalan Srijaya Negara Bukit Besar Palembang Engineering Department Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya Mechanical Engineering Department Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya Palembang Mechanical Engineering Department Engineering Facult Sriwijaya University Sumatera Selatan Indonesia

Micro hydro electric power plant (MEPP) prototype is a small scale power plant (less than 100 kW) that utilizes height difference and water discharge per second. Prototype consists of a water pump, where capacity of 41 liter per minute serving as turbine driving force channelled through a nozzle, with a 40 liter water reservoir, and the water flow rate controller is a gate valve. The results show that at blade counts of 4,8,12, and 16, and with water discharge at 40 l/s, 35 l/s, 30l/s, and 25 l/s, with nozzle shooting angle of 50 °, the turbine rotational velocities are 310 rpm, 639 rpm, 655.5 rpm, and 691.3 rpm respectively. Furthermore, at water discharge of 35 l/s, the velocities are 293.3 rpm, 375,3 rpm, 412.7 rpm, 446.2 rpm, and at water discharge of 30 l/s, they are 240.3 Rpm, 395.0 rpm, 430.5 rpm, 445.2 Rpm. Moreover, at water discharge 25 of l/s, the speeds are 285.5 rpm, 330.5 rpm, 426.0 rpm, 431.1 rpm. It is concluded that the higher the water discharge rate, the greater the number of rotation, and it is also concluded that shooting angle has a significant effects on pelton turbine rotation and power.

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A damage sensitive feature: Beam case

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2019年第1期694卷

作者： Fergyanto E Gunawan Nobumasa Sekishita Industrial Engineering Department BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Industrial Engineering Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480 Department of Mechanical Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology Toyohashi Aichi 441-8580 Japan

With the adoption of damage tolerance design principle, the health monitoring system has become an integral part of the engineering structure in operation. For the system to work, damage indicator that describes the structural integrity level should be established and monitored. Damage indicator is usually derived from structural responses. Many quantities have been proposed for damage indicator. Some popular damage indicators are natural frequency, mode shape, curvature, strain energy, and t-, F-, and z-statistics. In this paper, we propose a new damage indicator derived from the theory of the strength of materials. We evaluate the proposal for a case involving damage on a simply-supported beam. The required data are established numerically by the finite element method for structure in healthy and damaged conditions. The results suggest that the current proposal is more sensitive to damage than the natural frequency.

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Physicochemical Characteristics of Corn Silk as Biomass Fuel Feedstock

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2019年第1期515卷

作者： Sumarli Sumarli Citrakara Upendra Sneha Bandhana Kusuma Himawan Retno Wulandari Sukarni Sukarni Center for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Negeri Malang Semarang Street 5 Malang 65145 Indonesia Master of Mechanical Engineering Graduate program Universitas Negeri Malang Semarang Street 5 Malang 65145 East Java Indonesia

The potentials of corn silk in terms of its physicochemical properties and its heating value have been investigated. The sample was originated from Badas village, district of Kediri, East Java, Indonesia. The original material underwent a drying process in the oven at 100 °C for 90 minutes. The dry materials were continuously pulverized and filtered to reach the mesh size of 60. Subsequently, the sample was tested according to the proximate standard to specify its physical properties, while its elemental composition was investigated under the energydispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry procedure. The results showed that corn silk contains the moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash in respective value, i.e., 8.6 (wt%, as received), 72.2, 22.4, and 5.4 (wt%, dry basis). The EDX test showed that C and O present as the dominant element. The gross calorific value assessed by using adiabatic bomb calorimeter was 19.50 MJ/kg.

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Study on Quality Parameters of Yellow Matoa Fruit (Pometia pinnata) Using Digital Image Processing

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2019年第1期557卷

作者： A. Furay U. Ahmad S. Widodo Postharvest Technology Master Program Graduate School Bogor Agricultural University Indonesia 16680 Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biosisitem Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology Bogor Agricultural University Indonesia 16680

At this time matoa fruits are sold without grading them first so high and low quality fruits are mixed. In addition to not having SNI, there is also no standard method for grading according to standardization of fresh horticultural products. Related to this issue, digital image processing can be used as an alternative method for grading. The purpose of this study were to study quality parameters and to develop quality evaluation method for yellow type matoa using digital image processing. Manual measurement using weight as quality parameter of 203 yellow matoa produced three categories of quality classes namely A, B and C. Image processing algorithm was then developed to replace the manual measurement by estimating the weight using projected area of fruits image and to measure skin color of the fruits. The overall accuracy of quality evaluation based on weight using developed algorithm was 73.89%. For quality evaluation based on visual parameter or skin color represented by red and blue color ratio (R/B), and hue and value (H/V) color ratio, it was found possible to classify the fruits into three quality classes namely class 1 (brown to yellow-brown), class 2 (yellow), and class 3 (yellow-green to green) with overall accuracy of 74.38%. Finally, using combination of those two parameters (i.e. area and skin color) nine new quality classes, namely A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, and C3 classes were obtained with overall accuracy of 52.71%.

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Thermogravimetric analysis and the fitting model kinetic evaluation of corn silk thermal decomposition under an inert atmosphere

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2019年第1期494卷

作者： Sumarli Sumarli Citrakara Upendra Sneha Bandhana Kusuma Himawan Retno Wulandari Sukarni Sukarni Center for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering State University of Malang Semarang Street 5 Malang 65145 Indonesia Master Program of Mechanical Engineering Graduate School State University of Malang Semarang Street 5 Malang 65145 East Java Indonesia

The thermal behavior of corn silk pyrolysis under nitrogen atmosphere has been studied through the thermogravimetric analyzer. The drying process of the original sample was performed by means of an oven at 100°C for 90 minutes. The dry sample subsequently ground and sieved for a mesh size of 60. Approximately 11 mg of the sample was weighed into the crucible. The constant heating program of 10°C/min was imposed on the sample start from room temperature till to 900°C. The 50 ml/min of nitrogen was continuously flowed into the inner of the chamber to ensure the inert conditions. The differential fitting model of Arrhenius was occupied to evaluate the kinetic parameters. The result shows that corn silk was decomposed into the three stages during the pyrolysis process. These three stages initiated by the dehydration process from room environment till to 154°C and then followed by the most massive degradation of an organic component in the main devolatilization zone at the temperature range of 154-514°C and finally rest of material was undergoing slow decomposition till to 900°C. The respective activation energy (E), logarithmic of the pre-exponential factor (log A) and reaction order (n) of the corn silk pyrolysis were 207.37 kJ/mol, 19.15/min and 5.2.

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The mechanical Strength and Morphology of Bacterial Cellulose Films: The Effect of NaOH Concentration

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2019年第1期515卷

作者： H Suryanto M Muhajir T A Sutrisno Mudjiono N Zakia U Yanuhar Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Malang Indonesia Master Program of Mechanical Engineering Graduate School Universitas Negeri Malang Indonesia Department of Chemical Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Negeri Malang Indonesia Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Brawijaya University Malang Indonesia

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural material with attractive physical properties produced by Acetobacter xylinum. Commonly, BC is subjected to a chemical treatment prior to use. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of chemical treatment using alkali (NaOH) with the various concentrations on the mechanical strength of the resulting BC films. The research method included BC film production using a pineapple peel extract as the main culture material. The resultant BC film was treated with NaOH solution with concentrations of 0%, 1%, 5%, and 10% and then dried in the oven. The mechanical strength of each sample was evaluated by a tensile test, and the film morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the tensile strength of the BC film before the treatment was 208 MPa and decreased to 165 MPa after the treatment with the highest concentration of NaOH because some BC component was dissolved in NaOH solution causing bulk fractured layers. The NaOH concentrations of 1%, 5%, and 10% resulted in the strains of BC films by 2.96%, 3.64%, and 3.00%, respectively. The chemical treatment of NaOH caused BC films to swell and damage to the network and layers in BC film.

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Determination of Mung Bean Seed Viability Change in Vacuum Packaging during Storage in Different Temperatures

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2019年第1期557卷

作者： M. Faisal U. Ahmad D. Wulandani Postharvest Technology Master Course Program Graduate School Bogor Agricultural University Indonesia Dept. of Mechanical and Bio-system Engineering IPB Bogor Agricultural University Indonesia

Mung bean seeds decreased their viability very fast during storage, especially in tropical area without proper packaging. The purpose of this study is to observethe decrease in viability of mung bean seeds during storage and to build a mathematical model for shelf life prediction. Dried mung bean seeds were vacuum packed and stored in Accelerated Shelf-life Testing chamber at five different temperatures of 30° C, 35° C, 40° C, 45° C, 50° C with approximately 80% in relative humidity, to facilitate rapid deterioration with different rate of physical and chemical change in the seed. The results show that there was an increase in moisture content and the germination decreased in different rates. Changes in values for some parametersof the seeds affected the viabilty of the seeds during rapid deterioration. The value of constant (k)for viability decreasing was calculated and used to build the mathematical model for predicting the shelf life of mung bean seeds during storage at any temperature. Using the developed model, it was observed that the shelf life of the Sriti variety of mung bean seeds in vacuum packaging could maintain 90% of germination level for 421 days or 14.3 months if stored at 20 °C, and for 173.37 days or 5.78 months if stored at 25 °C.

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