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International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design

作者： Qi Tang Twan Basten Marc Geilen Sander Stuijk Ji-Bo Wei Department of Electronic Science and Engineering National University of Defense Technology Changsha Hunan China Embedded Systems Innovation TNO Eindhoven Netherlands Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands

Multi-processor systems-on-chips are widely adopted in implementing modern streaming applications to satisfy the ever increasing computing requirements. Predictable memory hierarchies, which make memory access predictable, can better satisfy the strict timing requirements of streaming applications. However, different levels of the memory hierarchy vary in latency and capacity. Hence, the system performance not only depends on the task schedule but also closely relates with the FIFO size distribution and FIFO allocation, which makes the scheduling problem much more complex. We propose an efficient Iteration-based Task-FIFO Co-Scheduling algorithm to optimize the FIFO size distribution and task/FIFO assignment. Randomly generated Synchronous Dataflow Graphs with different sizes and a set of practical applications are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the load balancing method and the Highest Access Frequency First algorithm.

关键词： Program processors Resource management Schedules Scheduling Memory management Clocks Throughput

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Servitization, Coopetition, and Sustainability: An Operations Perspective in Aviation Industry

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Vikalpa 2017年第3期42卷 145 - 152页

作者： Mohita Gangwar Sharma K. N. Singh is Professor in Operations Management at FORE School of Management. She is a recipient of the coveted Chevening Rolls-Royce Science and Innovation Leadership Programme and NTSE Scholarship. She is an electrical engineer from IIT-BHU Varanasi and Masters in International Business from IIFT-New Delhi. She obtained her doctorate from Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Lucknow making seminal contribution in the area of Spare Parts Management. She has worked in the transportation and power industry for 16 years before joining academics. She has published widely internationally in acclaimed journals and case studies. She has been a reviewer for many academic journals. She brings the rich experience of the industry and tough academic rigour to her research. Her current areas of research include service operations operations strategy product service systems humanitarian supply chain and sustainability. E-mail: is presently working as Professor in the Operations Management Area at IIM Lucknow. He has to his credit full professorship of more than twenty-four years’ standing and 40 years of teaching and research experience. Professor Singh holds a Bachelor’s degree in Mechanical Engineering from Patna University and Master’s and Doctoral degrees in Industrial Engineering and Management from IIT-Kanpur and AIT-Bangkok. He has published in and others. Currently he is a member of POMS a life member of SOM a Fellow of the Institution of Engineers (India) a member of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) and the Manufacturing & Service Operations Management (M&SOM) society. E-mail:

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Virtual Machine Image Content Aware I/O Optimization for Mobile Virtualization

Virtual Machine Image Content Aware I/O Optimization for Mob...

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IEEE International Symposium on Cyberspace Safety and Security

作者： Renhai Chen Yi Wang Jingtong Hu Duo Liu Zili Shao Yong Guan Embedded Systems and CPS Laboratory Department of Computing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oklahoma State University College of Computer Science Chongqing University College of Computer and Information Management Capital Normal University

ISBN: (纸本)9781479989386

Mobile virtualization introduces extra layers in software stacks, which leads to performance degradation. Especially, each I/O operation has to pass through several software layers to reach the NAND-flash-based storage systems. This paper targets at optimizing I/O for mobile virtualization, since I/O becomes one of major performance bottlenecks that seriously affects the performance of mobile devices. Among all the I/O operations, a large percentage is updating metadata. Frequent updating metadata not only degrades overall I/O performance but also severely reduces flash memory lifetime. In this paper, we propose a novel I/O optimization technique to identify the metadata of a guest file system which is stored in a VM (Virtual Machine) image file and frequently updated. Then, these metadata are stored in a small additional NVM (Non-Volatile Memory) which is faster and more endurable to greatly improve flash memory's performance and lifetime. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to identify the file system metadata from regular data in a guest OS VM image file under mobile virtualization. The proposed scheme is evaluated on a real hardware embedded platform. The experimental results show that the proposed techniques can improve write performance to 45.21% in mobile devices with virtualization.

关键词： IO Virtualization Metadata Mobile devices virtual machines Cache Memory System degradation of performance Mobile Conference documents

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A dataflow inspired programming paradigm for coarse-grained reconfigurable arrays

A dataflow inspired programming paradigm for coarse-grained ...

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10th International Symposium on Reconfigurable Computing: Architectures, Tools, and Applications, ARC 2014

作者： Niedermeier, A. Kuper, Jan Smit, Gerard J. M. Computer Architecture for Embedded Systems Group Department of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science University of Twente Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9783319059594

In this paper, we present a new approach towards programming coarse-grained reconfigurable arrays (CGRAs) in an intuitive, dataflow inspired way. Based on the observation that available CGRAs are usually programmed using C, which lacks proper support for instruction-level parallelism, we instead started from a dataflow perspective combined with a language that inherently supports parallel structures. Our programming paradigm decouples the local functionality of a core from the global flow of data, i.e. the kernels from the routing. We will describe the ideas of our programming paradigm and also the language and compiler itself. Our complete system, including the CGRA, the programming language and the compiler, was developed using Haskell, which leads to a complete, sound system. We finish the paper with the implementation of a number of algorithms using our system. © 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland.

关键词： Program compilers

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Reconfigurable communication fabric for efficient implementation of neural networks

Reconfigurable communication fabric for efficient implementa...

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International Workshop on Reconfigurable Communication-Centric systems-on-Chip (ReCoSoC)

作者： Arash Firuzan Mehdi Modarressi Masoud Daneshtalab Department of Computer Engineering Pooyesh Institute of Higher Education Iran School of Computer Science Institute for Researches in Fundamental Sciences Tehran Iran School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran Department of Electronic and Embedded Systems Royal Institute of Technology Sweden

Handling heavy multicast-based inter-neuron communication is the most challenging issue in parallel implementation of neural networks. To address this problem, a reconfigurable Network-on-Chip (NoC) architecture for neural networks is presented in this paper. The NoC consists of a number of node clusters with a fix topology connected by a reconfigurable inter-cluster communication fabric that efficiently handles multicast communication. The evaluation results show that the proposed architecture can better manage the multicast-based traffic of neural networks than the mesh-based topologies proposed in prior work. It offers up to 60% and 22% lower average message latency compared to a baseline and a state-of-the-art NoC for neural networks, respectively, which directly translates to faster neural processing.

关键词： Neural networks Neurons Topology Network topology Computer architecture Program processors Clustering algorithms

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Heterogeneous Error-Resilient Scheme for Spectral Analysis in Ultra-Low Power Wearable Electrocardiogram Devices

Heterogeneous Error-Resilient Scheme for Spectral Analysis i...

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IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI

作者： Soumya Basu P. Garcia del Valle Georgios Karakonstantis Giovanni Ansaloni David Atienza Embedded Systems Laboratory Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland Embedded Syst. Lab. Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne Lausanne VD CH Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Queen's University Belfast United Kingdom Faculty of Informatics Università della Svizzera Italiana Lugano Switzerland

Wearable devices performing advanced bio-signal analysis algorithms are aimed to foster a revolution in healthcare provision of chronic cardiac diseases. In this context, energy efficiency is of paramount importance, as long-term monitoring must be ensured while relying on a tiny power source. Operating at a scaled supply voltage, just above the threshold voltage, effectively helps in saving substantial energy, but it makes circuits, and especially memories, more prone to errors, threatening the correct execution of algorithms. The use of error detection and correction codes may help to protect the entire memory content, however it incurs in large area and energy overheads which may not be compatible with the tight energy budgets of wearable systems. To cope with this challenge, in this paper we propose to limit the overhead of traditional schemes by selectively detecting and correcting errors only in data highly impacting the end-to-end quality of service of ultra-low power wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) devices. This partition adopts the protection of either significant words or significant bits of each data element, according to the application characteristics (statistical properties of the data in the application buffers), and its impact in determining the output. The proposed heterogeneous error protection scheme in real ECG signals allows substantial energy savings (11% in wearable devices) compared to state-of-the-art approaches, like ECC, in which the whole memory is protected against errors. At the same time, it also results in negligible output quality degradation in the evaluated power spectrum analysis application of ECG signals.

关键词： Discrete wavelet transforms Error correction codes Biomedical monitoring Electrocardiography Memory management Spectral analysis Energy efficiency

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Assessing the impact of inter-vehicle communication protocols on road traffic safety 14

Assessing the impact of inter-vehicle communication protocol...

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6th ACM MobiCom Workshop on Wireless of the Students, by the Students, for the Students, S3 2014

作者： Joerer, Stefan Bloessl, Bastian Huber, Matthaeus Jamalipour, Abbas Dressler, Falko Institute of Computer Science University of Innsbruck Austria Distributed Embedded Systems Institute of Computer Science University of Paderborn Germany School of Electrical and Information Engineering University of Sydney Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781450330732

Intelligent Transportation systems (ITS) will change the experience of driving in the near future. Most applications will use wireless communication (cellular or ad-hoc) for being able to provide the required services. Usually performance evaluations of communication protocols are conducted with typical network metrics like delay, jitter, or goodput for example. However, in the context of ITS it has been shown that network metrics are not sufficient to evaluate vehicular safety applications. Therefore, we extended our existing simulation framework Veins with a model that allows to simulate dangerous road traffic safety situations, i.e., we implemented a driver behavior model for intersection approaches. Furthermore, we implemented an autonomous controller which tries to avoid crashes at intersections. We showcase the impact of different Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC) protocols, although the intersection approach model and autonomous controller could be also employed to carry out safety evaluations of other communication technologies. Copyright 2014 ACM.

关键词： Intelligent systems

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Optimal scheduling of single-arm multi-cluster tools with two-space buffering modules

Optimal scheduling of single-arm multi-cluster tools with tw...

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2014 IEEE International Conference on Automation science and engineering, CASE 2014

作者： Yang, Fajun Wu, Naiqi Qiao, Yan Zhou, Mengchu Department of Industrial Engineering School of Electro-Mechanical Engineering Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China Institute of Systems Engineering Macau University of Science and Technology China Key Laboratory of Embedded System and Service Computing Ministry of Education Tongji University Shanghai201804 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology NewarkNJ07102-1982 United States

A multi-cluster tool is composed of a number of single-cluster tools linked by buffering modules. The capacity of a buffering module can be one or two. Aiming at finding an optimal one-wafer cyclic schedule, this work explores the effect of two-space buffering modules on the performance of a multi-cluster tool. The tool is modeled by a kind of Petri nets. The dynamic behavior of robot waiting and tasks, process modules, and buffers is well captured by the net model. With the model, this work shows that there is always a one-wafer cyclic schedule that reaches the lower bound of the cycle time of a process-dominant tool. Furthermore, a constant-time algorithm is revealed to find such a schedule for the first time for such multi-cluster tools. An illustrative example is given to show the application and power of this new method. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Petri nets

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An Acumen/NS-3 integration for modeling networked Cyber-Physical systems

An Acumen/NS-3 integration for modeling networked Cyber-Phys...

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Biennial Symposium on Communications, QBSC

作者： Mohannad Alharthi Abd-Elhamid M. Taha Viktor Vasilev Kevin Atkinson School of Computing Queen's University Kingston Ontario Electrical Engineering Department Alfaisal University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Embedded and Intelligent Systems Halmstad University Sweden Department of Computer Science Rice University USA

Capturing physical phenomena such as node mobility or wave propagation is challenging in current network simulators, and is mostly achieved through crude abstractions. Despite being operationally efficient, such abstractions adversely affect simulation credibility. To realize more accurate modeling, we are currently developing a simulation environment integrating a hybrid modeling language into a mainstream network simulator. This paper gives a preliminary overview of our efforts. For illustration, an example simulation scenario with some basic mobility is described.

关键词： Robots Acceleration Computational modeling Wireless communication Educational institutions Control systems Synchronization

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Performance analysis of weakly-consistent scenario-aware dataflow graphs

Performance analysis of weakly-consistent scenario-aware dat...

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Asilomar Conference on Signals, systems & Computers

作者： Marc Geilen Joachim Falk Christian Haubelt Twan Basten Bart Theelen Sander Stuijk Electrical Engineering Eindhoven Univ. of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands Computer Science Univ. of Erlangen-Nuremberg Erlangen Germany Comp. Science and Electr. Eng. Univ. of Rostock Rostock Germany Embedded Systems Innovation by TNO Eindhoven The Netherlands

The timed dataflow model of computation is a useful performance analysis tool for Electronic System Level Design automation and embedded software synthesis. Its determinism gives it strong analysability properties. It is expressive enough to cover a large class of applications and platforms. The trend however, in both embedded applications and their platforms is to become more dynamic, reaching the limits of what the model can express and analyse with tight performance guarantees. Scenario-aware dataflow (SADF) allows more dynamism to be expressed, introducing a controlled amount of non-determinism into the model to represent different scenarios of behaviour. We investigate so-called weakly consistent graphs in which the scenario changes are not tightly coupled with periods of repetitive behaviour of the static dataflow behaviour in scenarios as in previous methods. We define the semantics of such graphs in terms of (max, +)-algebra and we introduce a method to analyse throughput using a generalisation of (max, +)-automata. An extended version of this paper can be found in [15].

关键词： Analytical models Throughput Computational modeling Semantics Performance analysis Automata Decoding

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