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A general solution to the harmonics summation problem

European Transactions on Electrical Power 1993年第4期3卷 293-297页

作者： Lehtonen, M. Matti Lehtonen (1959) received his degrees of Master of Science and Licenciate of Technology both in electrical engineering from the Helsinki University of Technology HelsinkiEinland in 1984 and 1989 respectively. From 1984 to 1987 he was with the Consulting Company Ekono planning industrial power systems and developing computer aided design systems. Since 1987 he has been with Technical Research Centre of Finland. His main areas of interest are harmonics reactive power compensation ground fault protection and automation in electrical distribution networks. (Technical Research Centre of Finland Otakaari 7B SF-02 150 Espoo Finland T+3580/4566455 Fax +3580/4566538)

A general solution is presented for the probability density function of the amplitude of the sum of a number of harmonics from different sources. In the solution, the phase angles and amplitudes of component vectors may vary randomly in any given range. If these variation ranges are the same for all the component vectors, then ‐ in addition to them ‐ only arithmetic and geometric sums of the maximum amplitudes need to be known in order to calculate the parameters of the probability density function. Copyright © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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STATISTICAL PROCESS-CONTROL FOR SOFTWARE IN THE MAINTENANCE PHASE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1993年第3期105卷 192-200页

作者： LUKE, SR JACOBS, DA REED, BM Stephen R. Luke:is a registered professional engineer in the Commonwealth of Virginia. He received his B.S. in mechanical engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute in 1983 and is presently pursuing a master's degree in engineering management at Old Dominion University. Mr. Luke is experienced as a test engineer at the Norfolk Naval Shipyard (1978–1989) and as a reliability/quality engineer at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Detachment Norfolk (1989-Present). Currently he is the group leader of the RMA/QA group for the AN/SQQ-89(V) Antisubmarine Warfare System at Naval Undersea Warfare Center Detachment Norfolk. Mr. Luke is a member of ASNE IEEE (Reliability Society) and ASQC and is an ASQC certified quality engineer and reliability engineer. Derya Alasya Jacobs:is an assistant professor in the Engineering Management Department at Old Dominion University (ODU). She has a B.S. in computer science and an M.S. and Ph.D in engineering management from the University of Missouri-Rolla. Prior to joining ODU Dr. Jacobs worked as a research engineer at the Center for Technology Transfer and Economic Development at the University of Missouri-Rolla. During the same period she served as a consultant in software development for Missouri Enterprise Rolla Missouri. Dr. Jacobs' research interests are in the areas of applied artificial intelligence decision support systems operations research and computer integrated manufacturing. Billie M. Reed:is an assistant professor in the Engineering Management Department at Old Dominion University. He received a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Auburn University in 1971. After completing undergraduate studies Dr. Reed was commissioned as an officer in the U.S. Navy where he served in the nuclear submarine force until 1982. Following his military career Dr. Reed worked for nine years as a systems engineer and human-machine interface designer of complex interactive computer based systems for use in aircraft space and ship systems. He received his M.S. and Ph

As technology advances and our dependency on software increases, the requirement to develop the correct means to improve quality in both the deveiopment phase and the maintenance phase of software life cycle support becomes increasingly significant. The focus of this paper is on the dilemma facing software engineering in maintaining quality within the constraints of the maintenance phase. The paper further proposes that the software maintenance process can also be analvzed and improved using statistical process control (SPC) techniques. The methods discussed in this paper have been proposed for use in the Software Maintenance project at NUWC Detachment Norfolk. Upon successful testing at NUWC Detachment Norfolk, they will be forwarded to the AN/SQQ-89(V) (interagencv) Software Quality Evaluation Committee for use by other agencies which are developing and maintaining AN/SQQ-89(V) software.

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AN AI-BASED DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR NAVAL SHIP DESIGN

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1992年第3期104卷 156-165页

作者： CHOU, YC BENJAMIN, CO Yu-Chao Chou:has served as an engineering officer in the Republic of China Navy for 20 years. He graduated from the Chung Chen Institute of Technology in 1972 with a bachelor of science degree in naval architecture. He received a master of engineering degree in naval architecture and marine engineering from the University of Michigan in 1977. He obtained his Ph.D. in engineering management at the University of Missouri-Rolla in 1991. His current research interests include artificial intelligence project management and concurrent engineering. He is a member of the American Society of Naval Engineers and the Institute of Industrial Engineers. Colin O. Benjamin:is an associate professor of engineering management at the University of Missouri-Rolla and has had several years of international teaching industrial and consulting experience. He received a Ph.D. in industrial engineering from the University of the West Indies an MBA from the Cranfield Institute of Technology U.K. and an M.Sc. in engineering production and management from the University of Birmingham U.K. His current research interests include artificial intelligence (AI) multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) facilities planning and computer integrated manufacturing (CIM). He is a Senior Member of the Institute of Industrial Engineers and the Society of Manufacturing Engineers.

Naval ship design is a complex, iterative decision-making process that requires not only qualitative reasoning and quantitative computations, but also effective handling of massive amounts of information. The development of a systematic procedure in the form of an interactive Decision Support System (DSS) incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) techniques can assist in improving the design process. The DSS reported in this paper integrates conventional naval ship design application software with an expert system. Modeling techniques such as a spreadsheet, a database management system, and graphic display capability are incorporated as well. This DSS facilitates "what-if" analysis of design problems and assessment of the trade-offs between performance and cost. The DSS will aid rapid generation of design alternatives and facilitate their evaluation. A final recommendation is made based on multiattribute decision analysis using the straightforward points allocation method and the analytic hierarchy process. During a typical consultation process, the user is prompted for inputs to the naval ship design process and is provided with a wide range of reports in graphical and numerical form. During a structured system evaluation, the DSS displayed considerable accuracy, flexibility, speed, user-friendliness, and cost-effectiveness. The reliability and validity of the system were also confirmed. These evaluation procedures provide a replicable methodology for verification and validation of this type of AI-based decision support system.

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CAD CAM GOES TO SEA - THE SAAR-5 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1992年第3期104卷 148-155页

作者： LINDGREN, JR SOLITARIO, WA MOORE, AP STREIFF, MA John R. Lindgren Jr:. is vice president for engineering at Ingalls Shipbuilding Inc. a Division of Litton Industries in Pascagoula Miss. He joined Ingalls in 1958 and has held various positions in the Engineering Division and participated in the design of numerous merchant ships drill rigs submarines and surface combatants and auxiliary support ships. Mr. Lindgren is a 1958 graduate of the University of Southwest Louisiana. His degree is in mechanical engineering and he is also a licensed professional engineer. William A. Solitario:is the director of advanced technology at Ingalls Shipbuilding Inc. in Pascagoula Miss. He received his B.S. degree in chemical engineering from the City University of New York and has 28 years experience in marine engineering and design. His current responsibilities include the direction of Ingalls' IRAD programs and several Navy-funded R&D programs to improve ship's performance and reduce ship's operating costs. He is a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers and past chairman of the Gulf Section East Area. Arnold P. Moore:is the director design engineering at Ingalls Shipbuilding where he is responsible for all new construction design and engineering activities. Prior to promotion to his current position Mr. Moore served as chief naval architect at Ingalls. He has 24 years experience in ship design construction and repair. Mr. Moore holds the professional degree of ocean engineer as well as a master's degree in naval architecture and marine engineering from MIT. He also earned a bachelor's degree in naval science from the U.S. Naval Academy and is a registered professional engineer. Mr. Moore served as an engineering duty officer in the U.S. Navy and is currently a captain in the Naval Reserve. He is a past chairman of the Gulf Section of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers and a member of the American Society of Naval Engineers and Sigma Xi. Michel A. Streiff:is the manager of CAD/CAM applications at Ingalls Shipbuilding Inc. His

The SA'AR-5 Corvette Program is the first major warship construction to be entirely accomplished using a 3-dimensional, interference checked computer based design. This paper discusses the organization and approach used to create the design models which form the basis for interference checking as well as the source of extracted production data. The design or product model is the nucleus of the computer data base that defines the configuration of the entire ship. The data base includes geometry, weight, and material, as well as production control data. The ability of the computer to link such diverse information is the key to maintaining configuration control during the course of the design and construction. The ease with which formatted manufacturing data (both N.C. fabrication and installation) can be extracted enables the preparation of detailed packages containing the desired geometry as well as the associated material and sequencing data, thus assuring the producibility of the design. The SA'AR-5 design is CAD/CAM's state of the art in U.S. shipbuilding.

关键词： Warships

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FFG-61 PROTOTYPE DIGITAL TECHNICAL LIBRARY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1992年第2期104卷 58-68页

作者： VINROOT, CA ORNER, JG USN Capt. Charles A. Vinroot USN (Ret.)retired from the U.S. Navy in September 1991 following over 27 years of active duty as an engineering duty officer. He holds a BSEE from North Carolina State University and a MSEE and professional degree from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School. During his naval career he served on USSIndependence (CVA-62) and USSLuce (DLC-7/DDC-38). He also served at Supship Quincy Mass. and Hunters Point Naval Shipyard. He was stationed in Washington D.C. with assignments at CNO (OP 98) ASN (S&L) and the Naval Sea Systems Command. Captain Vinroot was technical director of the Battleship Reactivation Program (PMS 378) technical director of the Destroyer Acquisition Program (PMS 389) and deputy program manager of the Amphibious Warfare and Strategic Sealift Program (PMS 377). Most recently he served as program manager for Gas Turbine Surface Combatants (PMS 314) and Surface Combatants (PMS 330). Captain Vinroot is now employed by PRC Inc. and serves as technical director for the Advanced Technology Division in Crystal City Va. Jeffery G. Ornergraduated from Wittenberg University in Springfield Ohio in 1979 with a bachelor of arts degree in political science and earned a master's of science degree in business from The American University in Washington D.C. in 1982. He has ten years of professional experience with the Naval Sea Systems Command in positions with responsibilities for logistic support planning policy and delivery computer-aided acquisition and logistic support and Fleet Modernization Program (FMP) and ship construction issues. He was a key player in establishing the current FMP integrated logistic support (ILS) process and in implementing of the Ships' Configuration and Logistic Support Information System (SCLSIS). His current position as Fleet Logistic Support Branch head for the Surface Combatant Program includes responsibility for logistic support and management of ship configuration and logistic data for all surface combatant ships (except for Aegis ships). In

USS Ingraham (FFG-61) is the prototype ship for NavSea's Advanced Technical Information System (ATIS). ATIS is a digital technical library, which holds on optical disks the ship's 2,000 technical manuals and 73,000 drawing sheets. It contains a detailed ship's configuration index (derived from SCLSIS) to lead the user to the proper drawing or manual, and it replaces the ship's aperture cards and the second (library) copy of the technical manuals. ATIS, and the data standards established and tested through ATIS development, will be the technical library portion of micro-SNAP and SNAP III. It also forms an important part of NavSea's plans to utilize EDMICS data. This paper describes the goals and technical concepts behind the development of ATIS. Problems encountered, solutions developed, and lessons learned are detailed. Special attention was paid to the application of the computer Aided Acquisition and Logistic Support (CALS) standards, problems caused by conflicts and ambiguities in those standards, the standards. Original program goals are compared with actual operational experiences. Plans for future expansion are outlined, including applications of this technology in the availability planning and execution process. A comparison is developed among the various methods of optical imaging and their costs and benefits.

关键词： Information Retrieval Systems

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CLEER - AN AI-SYSTEM DEVELOPED TO ASSIST EQUIPMENT ARRANGEMENTS ON WARSHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第3期101卷 127-137页

作者： ZHOU, HH SILVERMAN, BG SIMKOL, J Dr. H. Harry Zhou:is a research professor at the Institute for Artificial Intelligence of The George Washington University. Dr. Zhou received his master's degree and Ph.D. in computer science from Vanderbilt University in 1984 and 1987 respectively. He did his dissertation in the fields of artificial intelligence analogical reasoning and machine learning. His research interests include: classifier systems genetic algorithms learning by analogy inductive learning adaptive expert systems automated knowledge acquisition and adaption. He is also interested in data base design programming languages mental modeling and software engineering. Dr. Barry G. Silverman:is director of the Institute for Artificial Intelligence and a professor at the Engineering Administration Department of The George Washington University. He is also president of IntelliTek Inc. an AI consulting firm. Dr. Silverman received the B.S.E. M.S.E. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Pennsylvania. He has been a principal developer of four generic AI products as well as eight AI applications. Since 1979 he has written over 100 papers and reports on these AI efforts. Joel Simkol:is a research scientist currently engaged in designing expert system architectures to support electronic warfare vulnerability analyses threat assessments shipboard topside antenna arrangements and C3countermeasures employment. Mr. Simkol's work in applying expert systems technology to electromagnetic interference and to spectrum management has generated increased interest and participation from all branches of government agencies.

This paper describes a modularized AI system being built to help improve electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) among shipboard topside equipment and their associated systems. CLEER is intended to act as an easy to use integrator of existing expert knowledge and pre-existing data bases and large scale analytical models. Due to these interfaces; to the need for portability of the software; and to artificial intelligence related design requirements (such as the need for spatial reasoning, expert data base management, model base management, track-based reasoning, and analogical (similar ship) reasoning) it was realized that traditional expert system shells would be inappropriate, although relatively off-the-shelf AI technology could be incorporated. In the same vein, the rapid prototyping approach to expert system design and knowledge engineering was not pursued in favor of a rigorous systems engineering methodology. The critical design decisions affecting CLEER's development are summarized in this paper along with lessons learned to date all in terms of “how,” “why,” and “when” specific features are being developed.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence

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A computer INTEGRATED engineering SYSTEM FOR DESIGN AND LIFE-CYCLE MANAGEMENT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1986年第3期98卷 115-121页

作者： NICKODEMUS, GH YANUS, ID Irwin D. Yanusgraduated from the University of Pennsylvania with a bachelor's degree in arts and science in 1960 and a bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering in 1961. In 1963 he received a master of science degree in mechanical engineering from Carnegie-Mellon University. Mr. Yanus is presently the manager of naval systems engineering in the Computer Aided Engineering Department of the Plant Engineering Division of Westinghouse Electric Corporation. His prior experience includes 19 years at the Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory where he performed assignments of increasing responsibility in design analysis development and procurement of nuclear reactor components for naval applications. As the manager of reactor mechanical design he was responsible for the mechanical design of theNimitzclass reactor components and control drive mechanism technology development. Mr. Yanus is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. Glen H. Nickodemusgraduated from Michigan State University in 1964 with a bachelor of science degree in civil engineering. He joined the Pittsburgh-Des Moines Corporation in July of the same year. A master of science degree in civil engineering was obtained from Carnegie-Mellon University in 1973. In 1969 Mr. Nickodemus joined the Advanced Reactors Division of the Westinghouse Electric Corporation where he performed design and structural analysis functions for the development of the Fast Flux Test Facility and Clinch River Breeder Reactor Plant (CRBRP). As manager of CRBRP reactor engineering stress analysis he was responsible for the reactor vessel internals closure head control rod drivelines and miscellaneous guard vessels and head access area components. He is currently the manager of software development for the Computer Aided Engineering Department of the Plant Engineering Division. Mr. Nickodemus is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and is a registered professional engineer in Penn

This paper describes a computer integrated engineering system for design and life cycle management of weapons systems, ships and other multidisciplined systems. All engineering data are stored in a central engineering database. Individual application databases define and process information necessary for specific discipline evaluations. Interface modules between the application databases and the engineering database ensure that the entered data are complete, consistent, compatible, and in compliance with requirements. Conflicts are immediately identified and efficiently resolved. Implementation of the system improves design quality and reduces costs by minimizing the number of design iterations, reducing the effort to implement changes, providing effective storage and retrieval, and reducing the need for ship checks prior to modifications and alterations.

关键词： MILITARY engineering

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AUTOMATION OF PROPELLER INSPECTION AND FINISHING

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第4期97卷 124-131页

作者： STERN, H METZGER, R Howard K. Stern:is presently vice president of Robotic Vision Systems Inc. He received a bachelor of electrical engineering degree from College of the City of New York in 1960. Mr. Stern joined Dynell Electronics Corporation in 1971 and became part of the Robotic Vision Systems Inc. staff at the time of its spin-off from Dynell. He was program manager of the various three-dimensional sensing and replication systems constructed by Dynell and Robotic Vision Systems. As program manager his responsibilities encompassed technical administrative and operational areas. The first two portrait sculpture studio systems and the first three replication systems built by Robotic Vision Systems Inc. were designed manufactured and operated under his direction. Before joining Dynell Mr. Stern was a senior engineer at Instrument Systems Corporation and chief engineer of the Special Products Division of General Instrument Corporation. Prior to these positions Mr. Stern was chief engineer of Edo Commercial Corporation. At General Instrument and Edo Commercial he was responsible for the design and manufacture of military and commercial avionics equipment. Mr. Stern is presently responsible for directing the systems design and development for all of the company's programs. Robert J. Metzger:is currently engineering group leader at Robotic Vision Systems Inc. He graduated summa cum laude from the Cooper Union in 1972 with a bachelor of electrical engineering degree. Under sponsorship of a National Science Foundation graduate fellowship he graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1974 with the degrees of electrical engineer and master of science (electrical engineering). In 1979 Mr. Metzger graduated from Polytechnic Institute of New York with the degree of master of science (computer science). Since 1974 Mr. Metzger has been actively engaged in the design of systems and software for noncontact threedimensional optical measurement for both military and commercial applications. Of particular note are his c

Ship's propellers are currently measured by manual procedures using pitchometers, templates and gauges. This measurement process is extremely tedious, labor intensive and time consuming. In an effort to provide increased accuracy, repeatability and cost effectiveness in propeller manufacture, an automated propeller optical measurement system (APOMS) has been built which rapidly and automatically scans an entire ship's propeller using a 3-D vision sensor. This equipment is integrated with a propeller robotic automated templating system (PRATS) and the propeller optical finishing system (PROFS) which robotically template and grind the propeller to its final shape, using the APOMS-derived data for control feedback. The optical scanning and the final shape are both controlled by CAD/CAM data files describing the desired propeller shape. An automated propeller balancing system is incorporated into the PROFS equipment. The APOMS/PRATS/PROFS equipment is expected to provide lower propeller manufacturing costs.

关键词： PROPELLERS

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THE U.S. COAST GUARD MULTI‐MISSION CUTTER: COMMAND, DISPLAY, & CONTROL (COMDAC)

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Naval Engineers Journal 1980年第5期92卷 59-70页

作者： HALL, JON W. ANDERSON, MICHAEL D. USCG LCdr. Jon W. Hall USCGenlisted in the U.S. Coast Guard in 1960 and subsequently served in a number of High Endurance Cutters as an Electronics Technician. In 1969. LCdr. Hall was commissioned an Ensign. U.S. Coast Guard. upon graduation from the Coast Guard Officer Candidate School Yorktown. Va.His first assignment as a commissioned officer was in theUSCGC Hamiltonas a Deck Watch Officer and Electronics Material Officer. He then served as the High Endurance Cutter Representative for Electronics in the First Coast Guard District. Boston Mass. and later at Coast Guard Headquarters in Washington D.C. In June 1978. he was assigned to the New Construction Section of Electronics Engineering. located in Coast Guard Headquarters. as a 270-foot WMEC Project Officer. Currently he is the Chief. New Cosntruction Section responsible for overseeing the development and installation of the 270-foot WMEC electronics package. LCdr. Hall is a graduate of Wentworth Institute Boston. Mass. and has an associate degree in Electronics Technology. Lt.(j. g.) Michael D. Anderson USCGgraduated from the U.S. Coast Guard Academy. New London Conn. in June 1976. with a Bachelor's degree in Computer Science and Electrical Engineering. He served in theUSCGC Madronaas Deck Watch Officer. Communications Officer and Electronics Officer. In August 1977 he was assigned to the Electronics Engineering Division U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters. and until October 1978 held the Type Desk for Electronics Installations in Coast Guard Buoy Tenders Tugs and River Tenders. He is presently assigned to the Software Section. Electronics Engineering Division which is responsible for the procurement of the operational software for the 270-foot WMEC. Lt.(j. g.) Anderson currently is pursuing his Master's degree in Computer Science at The George Washington University.

The U.S. Coast Guard has undertaken a ship construction program to replace Cutters which are nearing 30 to 40 years of service. These replacement ships, classed as the 270‐foot Medium Endurance Cutters (MEC), are intended for multi mission roles to satisfy both Coast Guard and Navy requirements. To achieve the multi mission posture, and to realize a minimal manning level, an automated approach to employ the principles of a command, communication, and control system was Selected. Since the design limitations (size and weight) for the 270‐foot WMEC were stringent, the Coast Guard designed a Command, Display, and Control System (COMDAC) which incorporated the features of previous automation efforts by the U.S. Coast Guard and Navy. COMDAC's uniqueness lies in its ability to receive data, to process and format it in accordance with predetermined doctrine (Navy and Coast Guard), and then to display it at any of several locations. The use of COMDAC provides for the reduction of Plotters and Status Board Keepers and also allows for the NTDS interface to accomplish the various Navy missions. This paper will address COMDAC's utilization as a command, communication, and control system as applied to the Coast Guard and Navy missions. © 1980 American Society of Naval Engineers

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Machine Learning for Improving Renewable Energy: Integrating Solar Power for Continuous Operation of Smart Sensors During Natural Calamities

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Biophysical Reviews and Letters 1000年

作者： Ahmed Refaie Ali F. Zhara Sakinah Mohd Shukri Mohd Abdullah Al Mamun S. Iqbal Amit Ved Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science Menoufia University Shebin El Kom 32511 Menofia Governorate Egypt School of Electro-Mechanical Engineering Xidian University Xi’an 710071 P. R. China Management and Science University Shah Alam 40100 Selangor Malaysia Department of Master’s of Business Administration in Information Technology Management Westcliff University Irvine CA USA Centro Studi Attività Motore Biology and Biomechanics Department Via di tiglio 94 Lucca Italy Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Marwadi University Rajkot 360003 Gujarat India

This research tackles the critical issue of ensuring reliable data collection during natural disasters, such as floods, by calibrating and integrating smart sensors with renewable energy systems. Natural disasters often disrupt power supplies, posing significant challenges to the continuous operation and data availability of these sensors. To address this challenge, the study proposes leveraging renewable solar energy as a sustainable and reliable power source for smart sensors. By incorporating solar energy systems, the framework guarantees that sensors remain operational even in extreme conditions, ensuring that crucial environmental data is consistently accessible for rescue and recovery efforts. The research introduces an innovative approach that employs renewable energy to sustain the functionality of smart sensors during disasters. The framework includes models designed to manage uncertainties in disaster scenarios and optimize energy use for sensor operation. Additionally, the machine learning forecasting tool Prophet is utilized to improve the accuracy of predictions related to energy consumption and sensor performance. Prophet’s strength in handling time series data and generating reliable forecasts is vital for this application.

关键词： Sensors energy utilization machine learning sustainability

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